Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are nearly 50 PNET cases in the literature with primary renal localization. The mean age for renal PNET is 28 but it can be seen in a wide range between 4 and 69 years. In this atypical localization PNET may be mistaken with a variety of small round cell tumors, particularly with blastema predominant Wilms' tumor and due to its distinctive prognostic and therapeutic features differential diagnosis is very important. Immunohistochemical studies are useful in discriminating PNET from other renal small round cell tumors. Renal PNETs tend to metastasize at early stages and they have a high rate of recurrence. Our case is a 45-year-old male presented with left flank pain and hematuria. In computerized tomography a mass in left kidney was observed and nephrectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed a small round cell tumor with rosettes and pseudorosettes. Immunohistochemically the lesion was diffuse strong positive with CD99 and NSE, negative with LCA, pancytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, chromogranine A and S-100. At the time of diagnosis the pathologic stage of the tumor was T1aN0Mx. The patient did not take any further therapy and in 1-year follow-up no local recurrence or distant metastasize occurred.
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PMID:Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: a case report. 1686 82

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is an unusual pancreatic neoplasm of low malignant potential that most frequently occurs in young women. The tumor is indolent, with long patient survival, even in the presence of extension into adjacent organs and metastases. Histologically, it is a solid and cystic tumor with a prominent vascular network and degenerative pseudopapillae formation. Despite its distinctive morphology and cytological features, its histogenesis is unclear. Herein, we report a case of solid pseudopapillary tumor in a 41-year-old female in which the tumor cells immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally suggest a centroacinar cell origin. The tumor cells and the normal centroacinar cells stained positive for alpha-antitrypsin (alpha-AT), CD10, cyclin D1 and NSE. Ultrastructural examination shows similarities in nuclear shape, nucleoli location and cytoplasmic contents between neoplastic cells and normal centroacinar cells of the pancreas. Based on both immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features, we propose that the centroacinar cell is the origin of SPT.
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PMID:Histogenesis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: the case for the centroacinar cell of origin. 1691 12

Influence of NSE on lipid composition of metastases and the neighbouring conditionally normal lung tissue in mice with Lewis carcinoma was investigated. The processes of peroxidation in investigated tissues were also studied. It was shown that under the influence of NSE the high level of antioxidant activity in the metastases was decreased, while in the neighbouring conditionally normal lung tissue the catalase activity was increased. The content of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in comparison with animals which were not fed by NSE was decreased. The development of carcinoma was accompanied by significant decrease of cholesterol level and by the increase of unsaturated fatty acids esterified in membrane phospholipids in both the metastases and the neighbouring conditionally normal lung tissue. An analysis of the phospholipid spectra shows that under tumor growth in investigated tissues the high-level lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was observed. The content of phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl serine (PS) was found to be significantly lower than in the lung of intact animals. It was found that administration of NSE to tumor-bearing mice contributed to the increase of cholesterol level, to the decrease of omega-6/omega-3 ratio polyunsaturated fatty acids of total phospholipids. NSE modulated the phospholipid membrane composition in both the metastases and the neighbouring conditionally normal lung tissue.
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PMID:[The effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on lipid composition of the metastases and conditionally normal lung tissue in mice with Lewis carcinoma]. 1710 Feb 91

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) originating from the prostate is rare. We report three cases of SCC of the prostate. Case 1: A 29-year-old man with large pelvic mass and pelvic lymph node metastases was diagnosed as having pure SCC of the prostate. Chemo-radiotherapy resulted in a great reduction of the tumor volume. However, the disease recurred immediately, and he died of disease 17 months after diagnosis. Case 2: A 65-year-old man presented with pure prostatic SCC with lung metastases. Although cystoprostatectomy combined with pre- and post-operative chemotherapy ended with no evidence of disease, he died after 16 months because of multiple metastases and local recurrence. Case 3: A 73-year-old man was diagnosed as having SCC and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate simultaneously. Chemo-endocrine therapy and pelvic irradiation were performed, achieving partial remission. However, he developed multiple distant metastases, and died of disease 15 months after diagnosis. We reviewed 82 cases previously reported in Japan. Patient's ages ranged from 24 to 86 years (mean 68.7 years). Many patients had lymph node or distant metastases (stage D, 73%). Thirty-seven (45%) were pure SCCs and 45 (55%) were associated with adenocarcinoma. The prognosis after the recognition of SCC is very poor, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 27% and 10%, respectively. Survival did not differ in patients with pure SCC or mixed glandular and small cell carcinoma. Higher elevation of pretreatment serum NSE value was associated with the poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate: a report of three patients and a prognostic analysis of cases reported in Japan]. 1713 74

A 68-year-old male smoker was diagnosed as having amylase-producing small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The serum amylase level was elevated, at 1756 IU/l, and the isozyme pattern was salivary type. Serum levels of "the tumor markers" CEA and NSE were 10.0 ng/ml and 22.6 ng/ml, respectively, but the level of pro-GRP was within the normal range. He was treated with combination chemotherapy of carboplatin and irinotecan. After completion of the chemotherapy, the serum amylase level decreased below the cutoff range and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed marked reductions of the tumor in the primary site and in the lymph node metastasis. In November 2003, he was noted to have a slightly raised amylase level, of 168 IU/l, and raised levels of tumor markers. At this time, a CT scan, bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated no recurrence. However, in December, MRI of the brain showed multiple metastases, and the recurrence of SCLC was thus confirmed. For the treatment of disease progression, the same regimen of chemotherapy as that given initially was administered. CT imaging revealed a partial response in the primary site and lymph node metastasis, and the serum amylase level decreased to 91 IU/l. After the completion of the second chemotherapy regimen, he underwent cranial irradiation and further chemotherapy. However, unfortunately, he died owing to deterioration of lung cancer. In this patient, the serum amylase level was found to be a highly sensitive marker of lung cancer.
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PMID:Serum amylase is a sensitive tumor marker for amylase-producing small cell lung cancer? 1756 49

The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is affected by early metastases and local tumour invasion beyond surgical margins. Gene expression profiling in pancreatic cancer tissue is complicated due to the high amount of RNAses being present in human tissue and that of suitable models. In order to demonstrate early metastases, the models should take into account the anatomical environment of the tumour. Using the orthotopic transplantation of pancreatic tumour cells in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice, these interactions are taken into consideration. In order to identify genes associated with local tumour invasion and metastases in ductal pancreatic cancer, we investigated a human pancreatic tumour cell line derived from an orthopic pancreatic tumour model in SCID mice. Differential gene expression was performed on the basis of microarray technique. The human MiaPaca-2 cell line was implanted orthotopically in SCID mice. Transcriptional profiling was performed on fresh frozen tissue derived from the primary tumour, the tumour invasion front and the liver metastases. Differentially expressed genes were identified using statistical analyses, and were validated with external databases and with immunohistochemistry. A total of 1066 of 14 500 genes were significantly differentially expressed. Comparing the primary tumour with the tumour invasion front, there were 614 statistically significant up- and 348 downregulated genes. Twenty-five statistically significant up- and 181 downregulated genes were identified comparing the liver metastases with the primary tumour. Eight genes (PAI-1, BNIP3l, VEGF, NSE, RGS4, HSP27, GADD45A, PTPN14) were chosen and validated in a semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis, which revealed a positive correlation to the array data. Overrepresentation analyses revealed a total of 66 significantly regulated pathways associated with cell proliferation, cell stress, cell communication metabolic and cytokine function. In conclusion, model marker genes for local invasion and liver metastases can be identified using transcriptional profiling in the SCID mouse. Overrepresentation analysis secures a good and fast overview about the significantly regulated genes and can assign genes to certain pathways. These marker genes can be related to the apoptotic cascade, angiogenesis and cell interaction.
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PMID:Gene expression profiling of liver metastases and tumour invasion in pancreatic cancer using an orthotopic SCID mouse model. 1794 May 12

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis. Increased expression of VEGF may be associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. We investigated the relationship between serum VEGF level and lung cancer stage. We also studied the correlation between serum VEGF level and some other tumor markers. Forty newly diagnosed lung cancer (31 non-small cell, 9 small cell) patients and 25 age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Serum VEGF levels of lung cancer group (345.16 +/- 159.36 pg/mL) were significantly higher than that of the control group (230.36 +/- 47.87 pg/mL) (p< 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.727 (p< 0.05) for serum VEGF threshold of 249.8 pg/mL predictive sensitivity and specificity, for lung cancer were respectively 70.0% and 76.0%. There were no significant relationship between serum VEGF level and age, gender, histologic type, lung cancer stage, distant metastases and site of metastases. In addition, there were no correlation between serum VEGF level and other tumor markers (NSE, CYFRA 21-1, CEA, CA125, LDH).
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PMID:[The evaluation to relationship between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, metastases and other tumor markers in patients with lung cancer]. 1833 Jul 55

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a malignancy with low incidence, but with poor prognosis if misdiagnosed. Immunohistochemical assay using TFE3 antibody has been shown to be a sensitive technique for ASPS diagnosis. A specific chromosomal translocation, t(X;17)(p11.2;q25), results in the ASPL-TFE3 fusion gene: it is detectable using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in frozen tumor tissues of ASPS. However, the diagnostic usefulness of these markers has not been investigated in Chinese ASPS patients. Here, we report the first systematic study applying TFE3 immunoassay and ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcript detection to archival paraffin-embedded tissues in a large Chinese ASPS patient population. Sixteen patients had been diagnosed with ASPS (age, 3 to 58 y; 3 male patients and 13 female patients). Their tumors presented predominantly in the extremities (8/16), and were often located in the region of the orbit when affecting infants and children (3/16). Others had tumors in the chest wall, breast, and right pubis, respectively. One patient exhibited a tumor in the renal hilum, a location that had not been previously reported. Two patients had tumor metastases in the lung and the brain. ASPS tumors showed the best immunoreactivity to the TFE3 antibody (16/16). However, their immunoreactivity to other antibodies, including myoglobin (13/16), actin (10/16), desmin (2/16), and vimentin (2/16), was of various degrees. Positive staining was observed for the neural markers, NSE (9/16) and CgA (7/16), respectively. Using a strategy of RT-PCR, followed by a nested PCR with a different primer set, we were able to detect the expression of the chimeric ASPL-TFE3 mRNA in 11 of the 16 ASPS tumors. Of these 11, 7 were type 1 ASPL-TFE3 and 4 were type 2 ASPL-TFE3, including the tumor located in the renal hilum. No expression of ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcripts was detectable in all 38 control tumors. Our results demonstrate that the "bimarker strategy," a combination of TFE3 immunostaining and ASPL-TFE3 chimeric transcript detection, might have sufficient sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing most of the ASPSs. As both diagnostic techniques can be applied to widely available archival paraffin-embedded tissues, the usefulness of the strategy is largely implicated in routine pathology laboratories.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a bimarker diagnostic strategy using TFE3 immunoassay and ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. 1838 56

A 28-year-old woman presented with right flank pain. A large, firm, fixed mass was palpable in the right side of the abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a solid mass of the right kidney with extension into the renal vein and inferior vena cava. The patient underwent right radical nephrectomy with en bloc resection of the inferior vena cava containing tumor thrombus and right adrenalectomy. Histologically the tumor consisted of small tumor cells with rosette formation. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD99 and NSE. Analysis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated the EWS/FLI1 fusion products resulting from a chromosomal translocation. These findings were consistent with primary renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Two months after surgery, multiple lung, liver and lymph node metastases were found. The patient received 2 cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, etoposide, resulting in a partial remission. She subsequently received 1 cycle chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, resulting in no response. The metastatic lung and liver diseases progressed and she died 5 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:[Case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney]. 1840 86

A 69 year-old woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of macrohematuria in April 2004. She was diagnosed with bladder tumor. She underwent transurethral resection ofbladdar tumor three times and right partial ureterectomy for ureteral tumor following primary bladder carcinoma. All pathological findings demonstrated that the tumor was urothelial carcinoma (UC), G1-G2, pT1 including right ureteral tumor. In spite of intravesical instillation of BCG, recurrent invasive bladder tumor was found in June 2006. In July 2006, we performed total cystectomy and construction of ileal conduit. Surgical specimen revealed small cell carcinoma and immunohistochemical staining with NSE and synaptophysin was positive. On day 67 after operation, the patient died of multiple metastases to liver and bone.
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PMID:[Case report: a case with small cell carcinoma of the bladder transformed from urothelial carcinoma]. 1851 22


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