Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CEA, CA 125, SCC, CYFRA 21-1 and NSE were prospectively studied in 211 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and compared with clinical parameters (age, sex, Karnofsky Index, symptoms and smoking status), histopathological parameters (stage, histology, tumor size and nodal involvement), biological parameters (LDH and albumin) and the therapy used (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy). Tumor marker sensitivity was CYFRA 21-1: 76%, CA 125: 55%, CEA: 52%, SCC: 33% and NSE: 22%. One of the tumor markers was abnormally high in 87% of the patients with locoregional disease and in 100% of the patients with metastases. Except for NSE, all tumor markers showed a clear relationship with tumor stage and histology and therefore enabled a better histological diagnosis. Abnormal CEA serum levels were mainly found in adenocarcinomas, CA 125 in large-cell lung cancers (LCLC) and adenocarcinomas and SCC in squamous tumors. Eighty-five percent of the patients with SCC levels >2 ng/ml had squamous tumors. Likewise, CA 125 levels <60 U/ml or CEA <10 ng/ml excluded adenocarcinoma or LCLC with a probability of 82 and 91%, respectively.
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PMID:Tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21-1, SCC and NSE) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer as an aid in histological diagnosis and prognosis. Comparison with the main clinical and pathological prognostic factors. 1465 16

Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is a specific good prognostic type malignancy occurring in elderly patients. Neuroendocrine differentiation has long been described in mucinous carcinoma, but the significance of such finding is uncertain. We evaluated the neuroendocrine differentiation profiles of 38 cases of pure mucinous carcinoma and compared the clinicopathological differences between those with and those without neuroendocrine differentiation. The parameters assessed included patients' age, tumor size, nuclear grade, axillary lymph node status at time of diagnosis, percentage area of intratumoral mucin, and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, cerbB2 oncoprotein, and three neuroendocrine markers, namely neurone-specific enolase, chromogranin, and synaptophysin by immunohistochemistry. Patients' outcome and follow-up period were also documented. Of the 38 cases of pure mucinous carcinoma, 28, 11 and six cases showed positive staining for 1, 2 and 3 of the neuroendocrine markers. For all the groups with variable neuroendocrine differentiation and compared to those without such differentiation, they all showed older patients' age, higher proportion of tumors with lower nuclear grade, lower incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis, a higher progesterone receptor, and lower cerbB2 oncoprotein expression. No difference was detected between tumor size, intratumoral mucinous area, and estrogen receptor status. In all, 37 patients did not have distant metastases or local recurrences at the end of follow-up period, while one patient with coexisting high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ at time of diagnosis died of breast carcinoma. Our findings suggest that the identification of neuroendocrine differentiation in pure mucinous carcinoma is associated with more favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in pure type mammary mucinous carcinoma is associated with favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters. 1500 99

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is an uncommon neoplasm of low malignant potential, generally occurring in young women. The tumor is indolent, usually with long survival, even in the presence of extension into adjacent organs and metastases. Pathological features include solid, cellular, and cystic regions and degenerative pseudopapillae formation. Despite its distinctive morphology and cytological features, the cell lineage of this entity is unclear. Here we report a case of solid pseudopapillary tumor in a 48-year-old man with 10-year follow-up in which melanin pigment was found within the tumor cells. The tumor cells stained positive not only for melanocytic markers including S-100, HMB-45, and Fontana, but also other well-established markers for this kind of neoplasm such as alpha-antitrypsin (Alpha-AT), anti-alpha-chymotrypsin (AACT), NSE, CD10, cyclin D1, and beta-catenin. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of premelanosomes and melanosome granules in the tumor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which melanosomes were produced by SPT. Because melanocytes are derived from neurocrest, we hypothesize that the histogenesis of SPT is of neurocrest origin. This phenomenon may also be explained by ongoing research in which it has been shown that Wnt signaling/beta-catenin intranuclear localization promotes pigment cell formation by medial crest cells in embryos.
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PMID:Melanocytic differentiation in a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. 1523 77

A relatively rare case of gastric endocrine cell carcinoma was reported. The prognosis of this disease appears to be very poor due to its rapid rate of growth and invasiveness. A 75-year-old woman underwent a gastric endoscopy because the patient complained of an appetite loss. A gross Borrmann 3 type lesion in the greater curvature of the fornix was found. Biopsy specimens showed endocrine cell carcinoma. Abdominal CT examination revealed metastases in left neck and paraaortic lymph nodes. The serum sample showed an elevation of NSE level to be 53. A combination chemotherapy was performed using cisplatin and etoposide, which resulted in remarkable reduction of the main tumor two months later. The total gastrectomy associated with D2 lymph node dissection was performed. However, abdominal tumor was observed again in a month and it progressed rapidly. No clear response to the chemotherapies with cisplatin/etoposide or paclitaxel was found. The patient died 5 months after the operation.
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PMID:[A case of gastric endocrine cell carcinoma with neck lymph node metastasis resected after neoadjuvant chemotherapy]. 1555 65

We describe the case of a 46-yr-old euthyroid woman, who was submitted to right lobectomy plus isthmusectomy because of a 30 mm large, rapidly growing thyroid nodule. Two cytological examinations of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens were not diagnostic. Histology showed a neoplasm composed of nests of chief cells, almost completely replacing thyroid parenchyma, infiltrating the capsule and surgical resection margins, and invading perithyroid tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor stained positively to chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE, S-100 protein and tyrosine hydroxylase, whereas no immunoreactivity was detected against cytokeratin, thyroglobulin, TTF-1, calcitonin and CEA. A diagnosis of thyroid paraganglioma (PG) was finally made. No complications developed following operation. Laboratory analysis and imaging study excluded multicentric disease, metastases to neck or extracervical organs, and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). We report this unusual case, underscore its clinical and immunohistochemical features and discuss differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary paraganglioma of the thyroid gland. 1607 34

Ninety-three percent of symptomatic patients with small intestinal carcinoid tumours have metastases. The most common sites of metastases are lymph nodes and liver. Orbital metastases have rarely been described and the majority of them involve the choroid rather than extraocular orbital structures. We report a patient who developed proptosis, impairment of vision and reduced ocular motility on the left side, eighteen months after operation for primary intestinal carcinoid tumour with hepatic metastases. CT and MR studies revealed the tumour mass infiltrating the inferior rectus muscle. Biopsy examined by imprint and frozen section showed tumour consistent with metastatic carcinoid. The tumour was removed. HE and staining for cytokeratin, chromogranin, NSE, serotonin, somatostatin and gastrin showed that the tumour tissue corresponded to that of the primary intestinal carcinoid tumour. Intramuscular orbital metastasis from a carcinoid tumour is a rare occurrence. Diagnosis may be difficult, especially where no evidence of primary carcinoid tumour is present. Metastatic orbital carcinoid should be suspected in patients with a clinical history of carcinoid tumour and who develop ocular complaints and mass lesion in the orbit. Complete surgical removal of the tumour is important for optimal restitution of vision and eye movements.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumour metastatic to the orbit with infiltration to the extraocular orbital muscle. 1572 88

The malignant tumor deriving from the peripheral nerve sheet, previously described as malignant Schwannoma or neurosarcoma is extremely rare as malignancy localized in the larynx. The half of cases has been developing on the basis of neurofibromatosis in von Recklinghausen disease type I or seldom, type II. The high grade of malignancy end tendency to reccurences and distant metastases is typical for this tumors. The case of 64 year old man with larynx neurosarcoma was presented. The diagnostic difficulties were caused by clinical presentation of the smooth tumor covered by unchanged mucosa and typical histological features of the tumor. The final histological assessment was complemented by positive immunohistochemical reaction (antigens against protein S-100, NSE and PG 9.5).
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PMID:[Diagnostic difficulties in the laryngeal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)]. 1573 35

Small cell prostatic carcinoma is rare, with a poor prognosis. The authors report a case of small cell prostatic carcinoma in a 30-year-old patient diagnosed at the stage of metastases. Immunohistochemistry showed positive anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE.) and anti-synaptophysin antibodies, while serum PSA was normal (1.2 ng/ml). The patient was treated by cisplatin-etoposide combination chemotherapy, but died 20 days after the first course.
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PMID:[Small cell prostatic carcinoma detected at the stage of metastases]. 1577 11

Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix are rare. They cover a wide age range occurring in young adult women and very old women. Two types are distinguished: small cell carcinoma (oat cell) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. They either occur in pure form or in combination with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. By immunohistochemistry, the expression of at least one neuroendocrine marker (chromogranin, synaptophysin, NSE) is a constant finding. PRb protein can not be detected, whereas the expression of p53 varies. Typically, there is an association with a high risk HPV infection. HPV 18 is found more often than HPV 16. The prognosis is still poor with early metastases to regional lymph nodes and distant sites such as lung, liver, bone, and brain.
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PMID:[Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix]. 1591 27

Earlier reports showed that the balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy-receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metastatic osteolysis induced by neuroblastoma cells. In this study, we investigated whether circulating levels of OPG, RANKL and their ratio were associated to the presence of osteolytic lesions in advanced neuroblastoma, as well as whether they provided additional information on the severity and prognosis of the disease. Plasma levels of RANKL and OPG were measured in 54 newly diagnosed neuroblastomas; 27 of them showed metastatic disease (stage IV), including 19 bone dissemination. Thirty-five children who were admitted to the pediatric department for minor surgical problems served as control group. OPG was significantly lower in all patients compared with controls, while RANKL levels were significantly increased in advanced neuroblastoma. OPG-to-RANKL ratio decreased in stage-IV patients, and particularly in those who had bone metastases. The diagnostic accuracy of the OPG-to-RANKL ratio in discriminating the presence of osteolytic lesions was not confirmed statistically. OPG correlated significantly with other prognostic factors, namely, ferritin and neurone-specific enolase. In addition, an inverse relationship was found between OPG and event-free survival, and it was more significant in patients who had bone metastasis. This pilot study confirms that the production of OPG and RANKL is disregulated in neuroblastoma. Although the OPG-to-RANKL ratio does not have a predictive value in detecting bone metastasis, the measurement of the previously mentioned markers could be useful in decisions regarding the use of adjuvant therapies.
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PMID:Plasma levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin in patients with neuroblastoma. 1645 Mar 78


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