Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy enables the strict separation of adreno-cortical and adreno-medullary tumors in every case, as tumors of the medulla are generally positive for neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A, synaptophysin) and negative for D11 whereas those of the cortex are stained with D11 and are negative with the other markers. Our surgical collection of cortical tumors and tumor-like lesions (n = 104) covers adenomas (39%), carcinomas (15%), microadenomatosis (2%), macronodular hyperplasia (4%), hemangioma (1%), myelolipoma (2%), hematoma (1%), pseudocysts (2%), and metastases (6%). The often difficult interpretation of dignity was aided by a point system of criteria. Isolated nodules were differentiated from adenomas by their size (ie less than 3 cm), the histological pattern and the lack of cellular atypia. Correlations of the lesions with the endocrine functions were presented. The tumors of the medulla (n = 42) were differentiated in pheochromocytomas (88%), malignant pheochromocytomas (7%), neuroblastomas (2%), and ganglioneuroblastomas (2%). 8-10% of pheochromocytomas are malignant, but with the exception of invasion of the capsule or of the veins or the demonstration of metastases, no other reliable criteria for malignancy exist. The lack of S100-protein-immunoreacting satellite cells may indicate a malignant growth. 89% of pheochromocytomas in our collection were shown to be endocrine active secreting catecholamines and in one case additionally ACTH.
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PMID:Pathology of adrenal neoplasms. 765 Dec 77

We evaluated three cases of pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumors that were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Clinical follow-up showed no indication of tumor recurrence or metastases, nor was there evidence of malignant melanoma. All three cases exhibited histologic features of typical carcinoid tumor; there were focal oncocytic changes in two cases. Finely dispersed, brown pigment, believed to be melanin, was distributed in two different patterns: in sustentacular cells (case 1) or within the tumor cells (cases 2 and 3). Fontana-Masson stain was positive in areas of this pigment in all cases. The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for chromogranin, synaptophysin, keratin (AE1/AE3 and CAM-5.2), and S100 protein in all cases. Focal staining for vimentin and corticotropin was seen within neoplastic cells in two cases. The pigmented sustentacular cells in case 1 showed focal immunoreactivity for S100 protein and HMB-45. Ultrastructural studies of paraffin-embedded tissues were performed in two cases. They showed well-developed melanosomes in the pigmented sustentacular cells in case 1. In both cases, cytoplasmic neurosecretory-type granules were identified in neoplastic cells. These findings demonstrate that pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumor has an immunohistochemical profile similar to that of typical pulmonary carcinoid tumor. In some instances, pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumors may show ultrastructural evidence of melanocytic and neuroendocrine differentiation. These immunohistologic and ultrastructural findings distinguish pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumor from malignant melanoma and support the concept of "multidirectional cellular differentiation."
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PMID:Pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumor. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 768 14

We report a case of primary renal carcinoid, which is a very rare neoplasm: to our knowledge, only 19 cases have been previously reported. The tumor displayed histologic features typical of carcinoid tumors from other sites, including growth in nests and ribbons, uniform cells with finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and stippled chromatin. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of membrane-bound dense-core granules. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed staining for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, Leu-7, and synaptophysin, as well as pancreatic polypeptide. An interesting finding was the positive staining for prostatic acid phosphatase, while staining for prostate-specific antigen was negative. Although prostatic acid phosphatase is commonly seen in primary gastrointestinal hindgut carcinoids, in this case a primary hindgut carcinoid was ruled out by clinical examination and endoscopy. The patient developed metastases to the liver, but was well and without symptoms 15 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary renal carcinoid. Case report and literature review. 768 15

We studied 35 parenchymal neoplasms arising in the pineal gland, including 11 pineoblastomas, 21 pineocytomas, and three mixed pineocytoma-pineoblastomas. Pineoblastomas were most commonly found in children (mean age, 12.6 years). The median postsurgical length of survival for seven patients, including five with remote metastases, with fatal outcome was 24 months. The 21 pineocytomas were found in older individuals (mean age, 26.8 years). Four patients with pineocytoma died; two before surgery and two in the immediate postoperative period. The remaining 17 patients survived for intervals between 6 and 118 months after surgery. Two mixed pineocytoma-pineoblastomas were found in infants who died a few months after biopsy, whereas a third patient, an adult, was alive at 46 months after excision and irradiation. Both pineoblastoma and pineocytoma exhibited variable immunoreactivity to neurofilament proteins, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, retinal-S antigen, and rhodopsin; the highest percentages of positive cells stained with synaptophysin. Three pineocytomas exhibited ganglionic differentiation and two of them also showed a glial component. Prognosis could not be correlated with the degree of divergent differentiation. Comparison of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts between pineoblastomas and pineocytomas suggests that the former are more actively proliferative than the latter, with mixed pineocytoma-pineoblastoma showing intermediate activity. There was no correlation between AgNOR score and prognosis within the three tumor groups.
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PMID:Tumors of pineal parenchymal cells: a correlation of histological features, including nucleolar organizer regions, with survival in 35 cases. 782 12

We studied the clinical, histologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical characteristics of 61 mucinous tumors (38 pure, 23 mixed) retrieved from a consecutive series of 1,689 infiltrating carcinomas of the female breast. The only statistically significant predictors of favorable survival were histologic (pure) type coupled with the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. Other factors, including classification into A and B types according to Capella et al., and neuroendocrine status, as assessed by the presence of argyrophilia, granins, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and synaptophysin (SYN),-all had no influence on survival. Argyrophilic cells were found in 16 pure mucinous tumors (42%) and in the mucinous component of four mixed tumors (17%). Granin (chromogranin A or B), NSE, and SYN immunoreactivities were demonstrated in all the argyrophilic tumors. We also found NSE- and SYN-immunoreactive cells in 31 of 41 and 16 of 41 nonargyrophilic (granin-unreactive) mucinous tumors, which supports the view that mucinous carcinomas of the breast as a whole are neuroendocrine-programmed tumors.
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PMID:Mucinous carcinoma of the breast. A clinicopathologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study with special reference to neuroendocrine differentiation. 801 65

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare pancreatic neoplasm that may contain scattered endocrine cells in as many as 40% of cases. In addition, unusual tumors exist in which the acinar and endocrine components each constitute a significant proportion (> 25%) of the neoplasm; we propose to designate them as "mixed acinar-endocrine carcinomas." In a study of five such cases, we found one case with segregated areas of acinar and endocrine cells that were identifiable in routinely stained sections and four cases with morphologically uniform cell populations where the divergent differentiation was only detected immunohistochemically. The tumors occurred in adults (age range, 48-81; mean, 68); there were two men and three women. None of the patients presented with symptoms related to either enzyme or hormone liberation. Histologically, the tumors were very cellular; various combinations of solid, trabecular, acinar, and glandular growth patterns were noted. The cells contained d-PAS-positive granules and showed immunohistochemical positivity for pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase) and endocrine markers (chromogranin and synaptophysin); specific endocrine hormones were found in two cases. Double immunohistochemical staining for acinar and endocrine markers showed that most cells expressed only one line of differentiation. Ultrastructural study of two cases showed two populations of granules. Two of the patients died of their tumors (mean survival, 10.5 months), one with widespread metastases. Two patients were alive with disease at 12 months after diagnosis, and one patient was lost to follow-up after 3 months. This rare type of pancreatic neoplasm provides further evidence of the close histogenetic relationship between the exocrine and endocrine components of this organ.
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PMID:Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas. 803 90

We presented a rare case of polar spongioblastoma occurring in a 12-year-old boy with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spread in the basal cisterns and contralateral ventricle, as well as metastases to the spinal dura. Apart from the typical palisades of elongated cells, immunohistochemically, the tumor cells stained for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, and ultrastructural examination revealed features of neuronal differentiation. Our case adds to the small number of cases of polar spongioblastoma with clinicopathologic features and ultrastructural appearance described and confirms the neuronal nature of the tumor. It also represents the second documented case with CSF metastases.
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PMID:Polar spongioblastoma with cerebrospinal fluid metastases. 811 51

Two Merkel cell tumor cultures (MC-MA1, MC-MA2) have been established from metastases of typical Merkel cell tumors. The mestastases in vivo were characterized by co-expression of cytokeratins 8, 18, 19, 20 and neurofilaments, presence of intermediate filament whirls, expression of synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, and chromogranin A, rare and weak immunostaining for plakoglobin but absence of cadherins and desmoplakins. Both cultures grow, using supplemented RPMI medium on human irradiated fibroblast feeder layers, as loosely arranged floating small aggregates. Their karyotypes are mostly hyperdiploid. The mean doubling times were about 84 h in the first 8 months and later increased. Ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic studies of the Merkel cell tumor cells in vitro (MC-MA1, MC-MA2) revealed sparse membrane-bound neuroendocrine granules and typical IFs that were partly arranged in paranuclear whirls and were labeled by antibodies against cytokeratins and neurofilaments. In immunocytochemical studies using antibodies to cytokeratins 8, 18, 19, and 20 and neurofilament protein NF-L, Merkel cell tumor cells in vitro showed a uniform staining appearing as paranuclear whirls and cytoplasmic fibrils as well. Double-labeling experiments showed a co-localization of both intermediate filament types in most cells. Biochemically we found cytokeratins 8, 18, 19, and 20, and NF-L in tumor cells in vitro. Immunocytochemical staining was negative for desmoplakins, various cadherins, and cell adhesion molecules, whereas plakoglobin was only rarely detectable in some Merkel cell tumor cells in vitro. By immunoluminometric assay chromogranin A was detected in cell homogenates and culture supernatants as well. Immunocytochemically, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase were detectable additionally in some of the cells. These established cell cultures will allow further studies devoted to the biology, differentiation, and hormone secretion of Merkel cell tumors that may also increase our knowledge about normal Merkel cells.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of two Merkel cell tumor cultures. 812 Apr 18

Eight canine tumors originating from specific glandular structures in the anal region, as well as metastatic tumor tissue of two of these cases (case Nos. 7, 8), were immunohistochemically analyzed using various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against human keratin types, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, and alpha-smooth muscle actin. These tumors also were stained for the broad-spectrum neuroendocrine markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin. In histologically normal canine anal structures, alpha-smooth muscle actin and NSE antibodies stained basally localized (probably myoepithelial) cells in the anal glands and the anal sac glands. NSE staining also was present in a limited number of luminal cells in both anal glands and anal sac glands. Synaptophysin labeling was not observed in any of these glandular structures. Histologically, the tumors were differentiated into well- and moderately differentiated perianal gland tumors (n = 5) and carcinomas without perianal gland differentiation (n = 3), corresponding to the so-called apocrine carcinomas of the anal region. Immunohistochemically, the perianal gland tumors could be differentiated from the carcinomas by marked differences in staining pattern with the various keratin MoAbs, particularly MoAbs directed against human keratin types 7 and 18. The keratin-staining characteristics of the carcinomas suggest a glandular luminal cell origin. Metastases of the carcinomas showed loss of some keratin-staining characteristics as compared with the primary tumor. Staining for NSE was only observed in solitary cells and small cell clusters in the carcinomas and their metastases, whereas the alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody did not react with the carcinoma cells. None of the tumors stained for neurofilament proteins or synaptophysin. An unequivocal neuroendocrine nature of the carcinomas could not be substantiated by our immunohistochemical study, although the presence of a population of neuroendocrine cells within these neoplasms seems likely. Because the immunohistochemical features of the carcinomas with respect to various keratin MoAbs and NSE are similar to those of the anal glands and the anal sac glands, both these glands might be considered as site of origin of these carcinomas.
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PMID:The expression of keratins, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin in tumors of the specific glands in the canine anal region. 821 57

Four round cell tumors, situated at the lip of dogs older than 4 years of age, which could not be further classified, were examined light and electron microscopically, immunocytochemically and in part functionally and cytochemically. Immunocytochemically they were positive for vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin, desmin, neurofilament, synaptophysin, S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, lysozyme, IgG and a pan-T-cell marker. Cell lines were established from two malignant neoplasms. In vitro, neoplastic cells had morphological, functional and cytochemical properties of myelomonocytic cells. A tumor cell-specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum reacted immunocytochemically positive with primary and recurrent tumors and metastases of the original and the three other round cell tumors. Immunoblotting demonstrated a main band with approximately 65-75 kDa. All four tumors were present in aged dogs and metastasized. They most likely represent a distinct group of malignant tumors among the canine round cell tumors.
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PMID:Round cell sarcomas of possible myelomonocytic origin localized at the lip of aged dogs. 857 97


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