Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-six previously untreated patients younger than 21 years of age with sarcoma arising in the perineal region were entered on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies (IRS) I and II from 1972 through 1984. The tumor histologic subtype was alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in 20 patients (56%), embryonal RMS in 11 patients (30%), and other types of sarcoma in 5 patients (14%). Fifteen children had grossly complete surgical excision (Clinical Groups I and II), and 15 had localized gross residual tumor (Group III) after initial operative management. Six patients had distant metastases (Group IV) at diagnosis. Twelve patients without distant metastases underwent regional lymph node biopsy; tumor involvement was found in six. Subsequent treatment consisted of chemotherapy with vincristine (VCR) and dactinomycin (AMD) for all patients; patients in Groups III and IV also received cyclophosphamide (CYC) with or without Adriamycin (ADR) (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH). Radiation therapy (RT) was administered to patients in Clinical Groups II, III, and IV. Overall, 28 (78%) patients achieved a complete clinical response. The 3-year disease-free survival rate for these patients was 42%, compared with 52% for all other patients in the combined IRS I and IRS II series (P = 0.44). The overall 3-year survival rate was 59%, compared with 64% for all other patients in IRS I and IRS II (P = 0.48). Aggressive treatment is needed in children with perineal sarcoma to improve their prognosis.
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PMID:Soft tissue sarcoma of the perineal region in childhood. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II, 1972 through 1984. 218 89

The effect of the activated c-Ha-ras oncogene on invasiveness and formation of spontaneous metastases was studied using the rhabdomyosarcoma R1H of the rat. R1H tumor cells which are able to grow in vitro and produce tumors upon subcutaneous injection in syngeneic WAG/Rij rats were transfected with the c-Ha-ras (EJ) oncogene and the neomycin gene for selection. Two R1H cell lines harboring and expressing the human c-Ha-ras oncogene, one cell line containing the neomycin gene only, and the parent R1H cell line were compared. The expression of the transfected c-Ha-ras oncogene was assessed by Northern blot analysis and by flow cytometry using antibodies against ras p21. No difference in tumor growth rate and morphology was observed for the transfected and untransfected cell lines. Tumor volume doubling time was about 2 days in R1H-ras as well as in R1H parent tumors. Formation of spontaneous metastases was tested by excising the tumors when they had reached a volume of 2 cm3; after that the animals were observed up to 12 months. The excised tumors still contained and expressed the transfected ras oncogene as proved by Southern blot analysis and antibody staining using anti-ras p21. In contrast to most previous work on ras-transfected tumorigenic cells the R1H-ras tumors did not acquire invasive growth potential or increased metastatic capacity.
Invasion Metastasis 1990
PMID:No acquisition of metastatic capacity of R1H rhabdomyosarcoma upon transfection with c-Ha-ras oncogene. 219 92

The authors report a case of a collision tumor composed of a primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma intermingled with an adjacent infiltrating gastric adenocarcinoma. Only eight cases of gastric rhabdomyosarcoma have been reported previously and little information is recorded about the behavior of this tumor. Gastric rhabdomyosarcoma has several distinctive clinical features. It is a highly aggressive tumor (median survival, 2.5 months) occurring in both children and adults and frequently presents as metastatic disease to lung or cervical lymph node. The initial diagnosis is often difficult to establish, especially on biopsy material. In several instances, the correct diagnosis was established only at autopsy. The authors' patient was correctly diagnosed during life and received considerable benefit from cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV) therapy and survived for 26 months after diagnosis. Two of the previously reported eight cases of primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma and this case have adjacent admixed glandular gastric adenocarcinomas. Since three of the nine known cases of primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma have an adjacent admixed gastric adenocarcinoma, there appears to be a greater than chance association between these two tumors.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic features of primary gastric rhabdomyosarcoma. 220 27

We report an unusual case of primary cutaneous embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a solitary skin lesion on the anterior chest of a 20-month-old child. The tumor was characterized by small, round to oval, poorly differentiated cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was negative for NSE, S-100 protein, LCA, and keratin but positive for muscle-specific actin, myoglobin, desmin, and vimentin, thus indicating the presence of myogenous differentiation. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated thick and thin filaments. Special studies showed no evidence of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma in the patient at a more typical location, nor was there any evidence of metastases.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma. 220 84

Cell suspensions of chemically induced tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma) were transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of Lewis rats. In normal animals, the greater omentum was the main site of tumor growth, and transdiaphragmatic metastases to regional lymph nodes in the mediastinum were few and small. In animals during the healing phase of a chemical peritonitis, the greater omentum was fibrotic, shrunken, and inactivated. The loss of the scavenging function of the omentum was associated with wide dissemination of the tumor in the peritoneal cavity and increased access of the tumor to the lymphatic stomata on the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm. Number and size of transdiaphragmatic metastases in draining lymph nodes were greatly increased in this postinflammatory state.
Invasion Metastasis 1990
PMID:Lymphatic metastases from the peritoneal cavity are increased in the postinflammatory state. 222 16

Thirty-four patients with extremity rhabdomyosarcoma were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center during the years 1970 to 1987. The regional lymph node status at diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 27 patients. Of these 27 patients, there were 20 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 6 months to 22 years (median 10 years). The primary tumor was located in the upper and lower extremity in 11 and 16 patients, respectively. The histologic subtypes included embryonal in 13 patients and alveolar in 14 patients. Fourteen patients had no evidence of regional lymph node involvement (N0) and 13 patients had lymphatic metastases (N1). All patients were further staged according to the extent of surgical resection, the local invasiveness and size of the primary tumor, and the presence (M1) or absence (M0) of distant metastases. With a median follow-up time from diagnosis of 9.2 years (minimum 5.3 years), the overall survival was 48% (13/27): N0, 12/14 and N1, 1/13 (P = .0002). Excluding those patients with M1 disease, the survival rate was: N0, 11/12; N1, 1/10 (P = .0001). The first site of relapse in the M0 patients was distant metastases in 8/10 cases. Our results suggest that regional lymph node involvement at diagnosis is an important prognostic factor in extremity RMS. Its presence appears to be associated with a high incidence of relapse in metastatic sites and poor survival outcome.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of regional lymph node involvement in childhood extremity rhabdomyosarcoma. 223 17

A case of spermatocytic seminoma intimately associated with rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. The patient, a 51-year-old man, presented with a two-year history of right-sided testicular enlargement. Orchiectomy was performed, and a large testicular tumor was excised. Further investigations during hospitalization revealed lung, liver, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. Further therapy was refused, and the patient died at home two months after orchiectomy. Autopsy was not permitted. Although the great majority of spermatocytic seminomas occur in pure form, do not metastasize, and have very good prognosis, in addition to the present case, seven cases of spermatocytic seminoma associated either with rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma have been reported. Presence of the sarcomatous element is associated with aggressive behavior, metastatic disease, and very poor prognosis. It is considered that the sarcomatous element develops from the spermatocytic seminoma by anaplastic transformation.
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PMID:Spermatocytic seminoma associated with rhabdomyosarcoma. 225 71

The present paper reports a case of rhabdomyosarcoma in a 4-year-old patient, the rapidity with which it spread and the intensity of its extension bringing the case under observation. It is, in fact, a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma localized in the right parotid area with an extension to the temporal fossa, to the epi-oro-hypopharynx as far as the lateral vertebral region with C5-C6 involvement and penetrating the medium cranialis fossa. Initially the child showed signs of tissue growth at the right parotid site, originating without symptoms and rapidly increasing in volume. As exploratory surgery revealed that it would be impossible to achieve radical removal of the growth, the authors opted for radio-chemotherapy treatment. This type of approach, however, gives short lived results, in this case evidenced by recurrences within six months and leading to the patient's death after just eight months. It is important to stress the rapid evolution of this neoplasm, its tendency to recur and metastasize as well as its poor prognosis in general.
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PMID:[A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the parotid region]. 226 Apr 44

In order to examine surgical factors predictive of fatal outcome in patients presenting with histologically verified rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder, we performed a retrospective analysis of cases presenting between the years 1970 and 1985 and treated by protocol. Twenty-five patients were identified and data were complete for univariate and multivariate analysis on all. Staging was done according to the criteria of the International Union Against Cancer (TNM). Median age at presentation was 14.7 years and 10 patients were younger than 10 years. Median follow-up was 4.8 years overall and 8.4 years in survivors. Four patients presented with involvement of regional lymph nodes and three with distant metastases. Complete surgical resection, defined as negative microscopic margins, was accomplished by total cystectomy in 14 patients, and partial cystectomy in two. In this group cystectomy was performed prior to chemotherapy and radiation in five and after in 10 (persistent disease). Three salvage cystectomies were performed in patients who recurred after initial complete responses to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thirteen patients received a median of 3,000 cGy (range, 1,800 to 5,000 cGy) of external beam pelvic irradiation, and two received brachytherapy. All patients received multiple agent chemotherapy according to either the T2 or T6 protocol. There are 11 disease-free survivors (44%) and 10 of these have been followed for more than 6 years. One patient is alive with disease 6.5 years after diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prognostic factors in bladder and bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma. 226 60

This report concerns a 20-year-old female who had a F.I.G.O. stage I rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides) of the cervix with a predominant embryonal pattern and heterologous cartilage that pursued an aggressive course despite surgery and chemotherapy. The patient had a pelvic recurrence, developed pulmonary metastases 15 months after diagnosis, and died 6 months later. Despite some previously published favorable prognostic assessments about this unique variant of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma, our limited experience would interject a note of caution, especially in the presence of a focal alveolar pattern and invasion of lymphatics in the cervix.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma with heterologous cartilage of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of an aggressive neoplasm in a young female. 229 94


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