Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With indirect immunofluorescence microscopy it is possible to visualize intermediate-sized filaments which show a cell-specific distribution and in this manner establish a light-microscopical diagnosis in certain cases which are difficult or impossible to differentiate using conventional methods. We applied the same method to tumours of the head and neck region. Intermediate-sized filaments were studied in four malignant lymphomas, seven carcinomas and four metastases of carcinomas. Malignant lymphomas showed a positive reaction with antibodies to vimentin, carcinomas a positive reaction with antibodies to keratin. Using a monoclonal antibody against a single keratin polypeptide (cytokeratin 18) a further subdivision of the carcinomas was possible. The keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and two non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas showed a positive reaction with the conventional antibody against keratin, but a negative reaction with the monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 18. One adenocarcinoma, two anaplastic carcinomas and one lymphoepithelial carcinoma were positive with the conventional antibody against keratin and with the monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin 18. Thus lymphoepithelial carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas should probably not be regarded as special variants of squamous cell carcinoma. In all metastases the same intermediate-sized filaments were demonstrable as in the primary tumour. Certain advantages of immunofluorescence microscopy when compared to diagnostic electron microscopy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Differential diagnosis of tumors of the head and neck using immunohistologic and electron optic studies]. 620 50

A case of WDHA syndrome accompanied by a pancreatic tumor in a 44-year-old Japanese male is presented, the 6th case in Japan. Clinically, the patient suffered from unremitting watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria with marked anemia and jaundice. The patient died of emaciation, dehydration and bronchopenumonia, and an autopsy was performed. Autopsy examination revealed a hen's egg-sized tumor in the tail of the pancreas with metastases in liver, lungs and lymph nodes. In addition, bronchopneumonia and diabetic nephrosclerosis were present. Histologically, the tumor had the characteristics of an islet cell tumor, and histochemically the tumor cells were positive to Grimelius' stain which revealed non-B-islet cell features. Electron-microscopically, the tumor cells had electron dense round membrane-bounded granules resembling non-B-granules of pancreatic islet cells. With the immunoperoxidase procedure (PAP method), tumor cells nearly almost reacted to anti-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) serum, which suggested that the tumor of the present case had the capability to produce VIP.
 ...
PMID:Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria syndrome. Morphological and immunohistological study. 625 96

Unusual lung tumors are not simply pathological curiosities. They demonstrate features of major significance in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Six of these tumours are discussed: (1) Carcinosarcoma is rarely found in the lung. The histogenis of the lesion is unclear and the prognosis is poor. (2) Only three cases of pleomorphic adenoma have previously been described. Differentiation from other "mixed tumours" of the lung is essential. (3) A rare case of bronchial adenoma producing ectopic ACTH is described. Early recognition of these polypeptide hormone-secreting tumours is stressed. (4) Oat cell carcinoma with the myasthenic (Eaton-Lambert) syndrome shows the clinical features which should permit early tumour diagnosis. The hazards of muscle relaxants must be recognized. (5) Prostatic carcinoma with endobronchial metastases is is discussed. The importance of localization of the primary tumour is emphasized. (6) An example of double primary carcinoma is presented. The rarity of this finding may be related to the poor prognosis of patients with bronchogenesis carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Unusual tumours of the lung. 631 Feb 66

The biologic markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), placental alkaline phosphatase ( PLAP ) and pseudouridine were analysed in 37 patients with colorectal carcinoma. CEA, TPA and PLAP were derived from the serum and pseudouridine from the urine. The incidence of all four markers increased with advancing stages of the disease. Patients with distant metastases had elevated levels of CEA, TPA, PLAP and pseudouridine in 85, 27, 18 and 33 per cent of the total cases, respectively. When survival was compared, patients with 2 to 4 elevated markers had shorter survival than those with none or only one elevated marker.
 ...
PMID:Tumor markers in colorectal carcinoma. An evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase and pseudouridine. 632 84

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen, (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin (CT) and thyroglobulin (Tg) have been measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 174 patients with various types of thyroid cancer previously submitted to thyroidectomy. Elevated serum TPA concentrations were found in 12 of 13 patients with local invasion or distant metastases from undifferentiated thyroid cancer or thyroid lymphosarcoma, while serum Tg and CEA values were normal or undetectable. In 123 patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer serum TPA was usually normal regardless of the presence or absence of functioning metastases. On the contrary, 14 of 15 patients with "dedifferentiated" metastases from previously differentiated thyroid cancer had elevated serum TPA values, while serum CEA was normal and serum Tg variable. Serum CT was confirmed as the most sensitive marker of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma, but elevated serum TPA values were also found in most of these cases. The present data indicate that serum TPA provides a new humoral marker in the follow-up of undifferentiated and "dedifferentiated" thyroid carcinoma and may also be usefully employed as an additional marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in thyroid cancer. 654 69

Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied radioimmunologically in 112 patients with breast cancer. 39 healthy females and 13 patients with mastopathy were in control. In cases of incipient and localized forms of breast cancer, mean levels of CEA and TPA did not differ from those in controls despite the direct correlation between the number of patients with elevated concentrations of both antigens and stage of the disease. In cases of local dissemination of tumor, CEA concentration was 3 times and in patients with distant metastases-5 times that in control. TPA level was found to rise at a slower rate in the same patients as tumor process advanced. It was shown that radioimmunological tests for CEA and TPA provide an efficient means of evaluating breast cancer expansion thanks to its low threshold of sensitivity in identifying early cancer. A direct correlation between CEA and TPA levels was established.
 ...
PMID:[Tissue polypeptide and carcinoembryonic antigens in patients with breast cancer]. 671 Sep 54

Plasma concentrations of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were determined in 104 patients with all stages and grades of urinary bladder cancer. Patients with evidence of bacterial or virus infections were excluded. In addition, follow-up controls after treatment were performed. At a rate of 5% false positive values, the diagnostic sensitivity for the tumour stage pTis/pT1 was 63% and for the stages pT2-4 it was 76%. Patients with proved lymph node or distant metastases showed elevated values in 100% of cases. A positive correlation was found between the 3 grades of malignancy and the TPA concentrations. Except for the tumour diagnosis, TPA is a valuable parameter for follow-up controls. Our results show a very good correlation of the plasma TPA concentration with tumour progression as well as with stabilisation and regression after treatment.
 ...
PMID:Significance of plasma tissue polypeptide antigen determination for diagnosis and follow-up of urothelial bladder cancer. 674 Aug 35

Prostate inhibin peptide (PIP) is a polypeptide synthesized by the prostate gland that is involved in prostatic growth and differentiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate PIP as an immunocytochemical marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) by comparing it with PSA and PAP. A total of 71 cases of primary PCA and 5 cases of metastatic PCA were studied. Primary tumors were specially selected to include a disproportionate number of high-grade tumors. The distribution of cases by Gleason score was 2-5, 14 cases; 6-7, 24 cases; and 8-10, 33 cases. Four metastases were to bone (decalcified tissue) and one to soft tissue. All 71 cases of primary PCA stained positively for the three antibodies tested, with none demonstrating obvious superiority, although individual case variability was seen. In one bone metastasis, staining for PSA was negative, with both PAP and PIP giving positive results. All non-prostatic carcinomas tested were negative. These results indicate that PIP is as sensitive and specific an immunohistochemical marker as PSA and PAP in untreated prostate adenocarcinomas. Further, the androgen-independent nature of PIP may give it an advantage over PSA/PAP in tumors exposed to androgen ablating agents.
 ...
PMID:Prostate inhibin peptide (PIP) in prostate cancer: a comparative immunohistochemical study with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). 751 89

Cytokeratins 8 and 18 are most frequently co-expressed in simple epithelia and carcinomas. Fragments of these cytokeratins are released into the systemic circulation where they can be quantified and utilized as tumour markers. The present paper reports on a solid-phase sandwich monoclonal immunoassay, considered "epithelial tissue-specific", which recognizes fragments of human cytokeratins 8 and 18 of different sizes (10-50 kD). The evaluated ELISA and IRMA assays exhibited a detection limit of 0.1 microgram 1-1 and characteristically demonstrated a within-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1-4% and a between-assay CV of 3-5%. The long-term (300 days) repeatability of lyophilized samples tested in the assay was estimated to have a less than 10% CV. Of apparently healthy individuals, 95% were found to have serum concentrations of less than 0.95 micrograms 1-1. A highly significant difference was found between apparently healthy individuals and pancreatic cancer patients. Patients with metastatic disease showed a sensitivity of 93% and those with local disease 83%, at 95% specificity. This TPAcyk assay revealed good correlation (0.98) with the TPS assay detecting the specific M3 epitope of the tissue polypeptide antigen. The correlation with the long established polyclonal assay of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was estimated to be 0.9.
 ...
PMID:A novel IRMA and ELISA for quantifying cytokeratin 8 and 18 fragments in the sera of healthy individuals and cancer patients. 754 8

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a well-known tumor marker, consisting of a single heavily glycosylated polypeptide chain (mol. wt 200 kD), bound to the cell surface by a phosphatidylinositol-glycan anchor. The hydrophobic domain, encoded by the 3' end of the open reading frame of the CEA gene is not present in the mature protein. This domain is assumed to play an important role in the targeting and attachment of CEA to the cell surface. To verify this hypothesis, a recombinant CEA cDNA lacking the 78 b.p. of the 3' region, encoding the 26 a.a. hydrophobic domain, was prepared in a Rc/CMV expression vector containing a neomycin resistance gene. The construct was transfected by the calcium phosphate technique into CEA-negative human and rat colon carcinoma cell lines. Geneticin-resistant transfectants were screened for the presence of CEA in the supernatant and positive clones were isolated. As determined by ELISA, up to 13 micrograms of recombinant CEA per 10(6) cells was secreted within 72 hr by the human transfected cells and about 1 microgram by the rat cells. For comparison, two human carcinoma cell lines, CO112 and LS174T, selected for high CEA expression, shed about 45 and 128 ng per 10(6) cells within 72 hr, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that the size of the recombinant CEA secreted by the transfected human cells is identical to that of reference CEA purified from human colon carcinomas metastases (about 200 kD). The recombinant CEA synthesized by the transfected rat carcinoma cells has a smaller size (about 144 kD, possibly due to incomplete glycosylation), as has already been observed for CEA produced by rat colon carcinoma cells transfected with full-length CEA cDNA. The 100-fold increase in secretion of rCEA encoded by truncated CEA cDNA transfected in human cells confirms the essential role of this domain in the targeting and anchoring of the glycoprotein. These results suggest a new approach for the in vitro production of large amounts of CEA needed in research laboratories and for immunoassay kits.
 ...
PMID:Marked increase in the secretion of a fully antigenic recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen obtained by deletion of its hydrophobic tail. 768 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>