Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cellular origin of estrogen-induced kidney tumors in male Syrian hamsters has been repeatedly the subject of controversy. Several authors have proposed that the tumors arise from proximal tubules, from a combination of tubular and interstitial stromal cells, or solely from interstitial cells. Because of the model character of this tumor for hormone-associated cancer, it was further investigated in this study with respect to morphology, enzyme and intermediate filament pattern, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and tenascin. These analyses were carried out with early and late tumors as well as metastases to determine possible changes in expression of biochemical parameters during the development and progression of this neoplasm. The enzyme histochemical and intermediate filament patterns were usually the same as those described previously for proliferative foci and early tumors, i.e. highly elevated activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenylate cyclase and alkaline phosphatase, a lack of glucose-6-phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and coexpression of vimentin and desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin could not be detected in early lesions. In five of 24 advanced tumors inclusions of kidney tubules were found which showed various degrees of alteration in their morphology and enzyme histochemical pattern, but were often directly connected with tubular segments of normal appearance outside the tumor. Like the normal tubules, the enclosed tubular segments were strongly positive for cytokeratin but never expressed vimentin or desmin. Among the 24 tumors studied, two contained cysts which expressed cytokeratin and sometimes also vimentin but not desmin. The enzyme histochemistry of the cells lining the cysts was similar to that of the surrounding tumor mass, except adenylate cyclase was lacking and alkaline phosphatase was not uniformly distributed. In tumors containing cytokeratin-positive cysts, there often were cytokeratin-positive, vimentin-negative and desmin-negative tumor formations in close contact to these cysts. With the exception of cyst formation, the pattern of metastases were identical to that of the primary tumors. All large tumors and the main component of the metastases expressed vimentin, desmin and fibronectin. Mesothelia surrounding metastatic tumor complexes were positive for vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, cytokeratin and tenascin. It was concluded from these and previous observations on early stages of tumor development that the estrogen-induced hamster kidney tumor originates from mesenchymal interstitial cells (probably pericytes) which may rarely acquire an epithelial phenotype by metaplastic transformation during tumor progression.
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PMID:Changes in the cellular phenotype and extracellular matrix during progression of estrogen-induced mesenchymal kidney tumors in Syrian hamsters. 171 81

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the lung seen in a 42-year-old female is reported. In the partial pneumonectomy specimen, there was a 3 x 2.5 cm tumor arising from the pulmonary vein at the level of the right lung hilus, with tumor thrombus formation. The transition between the tumor and venous smooth muscle layer was microscopically confirmed. At autopsy, performed 18 months after surgery, metastases were noted in the left lung and brain. No primary focus was identified in the soft tissue. The alveolus-forming clear tumor cells contained diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff-reactive granules. Immunohistochemically, granular cytoplasmic reactivities with monoclonal antibodies against pan-actin and alpha-sarcomeric actin were demonstrated, whereas other muscle markers such as desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, fast skeletal myosin, and the mm-isozyme of creatine kinase were negative. Ultrastructurally, crystallized structures were occasionally identified in the membrane-bound, electron lucent granules, which often filled the tumor cell cytoplasm. The muscle cell nature of the neoplasm is discussed.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the pulmonary vein. 150 8

Six cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) are presented with immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses. One case was associated with Maffucci's syndrome. All lesions were solitary or multifocal in the extremities, and prepresentation duration ranged from years to decades. One case recurred but none had metastases. Histologically, in four of the six cases the main lesions appeared to arise within vessels, predominantly muscular vessels. All lesions consisted of cavernous hemangioma-like areas and solid cellular areas resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Cellular atypia was minimal. At the periphery of the lesions, a cluster of large thick or thin walled, and probably malformed, vessels were observed. Immunohistochemically, factor-VIII related antigen, CD34, vimentin, and lectin binding Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 stained endothelial cells lining vascular channels, and vacuolated, or epithelioid cells. Spindle cells in the solid areas were negative for these endothelial markers except for vimentin, but showed divergent positive immunoreactions of HHF35, alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and collagen type IV. Five cases were diploid and one was aneuploid. There was no significant correlation among DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction, and local recurrence in SCH although the number of cases examined was small. These results suggest SCH may be a benign lesion, probably a reactive process, rather than a low-grade angiosarcoma.
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PMID:Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: an immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study of six cases. 749 4

Ten malignant canine mammary gland tumours and five metastases from three of these tumours were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against different human keratin types (K), alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. In all tumours the neoplastic epithelium was rather homogeneously labelled with the keratin MoAbs RCK 102 (K 5 and 8) and CAM 5.2 (K 8). The adenocarcinomas (n = 5), the solid carcinomas (n = 2), and the carcinosarcoma (n = 1) showed heterogeneous labelling with the MoAbs specific for luminal cell antigens in the normal canine mammary gland, i.e., K 18, K 7 and K 19 MoAbs. These cells were also immunoreactive with K 4 and K 10 MoAbs. The spindle cell carcinomas (n = 2), however, did not react with these MoAbs. All tumours except one adenocarcinoma were characterized by the absence of immunoreactive labelling with the alpha-smooth muscle actin MoAb. In the solid carcinomas this was associated with the absence of labelling with one or both basal cell specific keratin MoAbs, i.e., 8.7 (K 14 and 17) and RCK 107 (K 14), respectively. In contrast, the other malignant tumours showed marked labelling of neoplastic epithelium with these MoAbs. Another remarkable finding was the labelling of a limited to moderate number of neoplastic epithelial cells with the vimentin MoAb. The presence of such labelling patterns in canine mammary gland tumours may be indicative of malignancy. Metastatic tumour tissues had a labelling pattern largely similar to that of the primary tumour, although also loss of reactivity for some keratin MoAbs was seen.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry with keratin, vimentin, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies in canine mammary gland: malignant mammary tumours. 750 11

We report 25 cases of a peculiar sclerosing epithelioid variant of fibrosarcoma (SEF) simulating an infiltrating carcinoma. The tumors occurred primarily in the deep musculature and were frequently associated with the adjacent fascia or periosteum. The patients' ages were 14 to 87 years (median, 45). Fourteen were male and 11 female. The tumors were located in the lower extremities and limb girdles (12 cases), trunk (9), upper limb girdles (2), and neck (2). They measured 2 to 14.5 cm in greatest dimension (median size, 7 cm) and were gray to white and firm. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by a proliferation of rather uniform, small, slightly angulated, round to ovoid epithelioid cells with sparse, often clear cytoplasm arranged in distinct nests and cords. In all cases there was prominent hyaline sclerosis, sometimes reminiscent of osteoid or cartilage and foci of conventional fibrosarcoma. Occasional myxoid zones with cyst formation and foci of hyaline cartilage, calcification, and metaplastic bone were also seen. Mitotic figures were generally scarce. Vimentin was detected in 13 of 14 cases, epithelial membrane antigen in seven, S100 protein in four, and neuron-specific enolase in two. Cytokeratins were detected with AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2 in two cases. Leukocyte common antigen, CD68 antigen, HMB45, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were negative in all cases. In 13 of 14 cases, 75% or more of the cells stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Ki67 immunostaining with MIB 1 showed low proliferative activity in all cases, averaging 5% of tumor cells or less. In all cases, p53 was detected by immunohistochemical methods; bcl-2, an antiapoptosis marker, was detected in more than 90% of the cells in 11 of 12 cases. Ultrastructurally, both the epithelioid and spindled tumor cells had features of fibroblasts. Follow-up in 16 cases ranging from 13 months to 17 years 3 months (median, 11 years 4 months) revealed persistent disease or local recurrences in 53% of patients and metastases in 43%. The metastases were to the lungs (4 cases), skeleton (3), chest wall/pleura (3), pericardium (1), and brain (1). Four patients died of disease, four were alive with disease, two were known to be alive but disease status unknown, and six had no evidence of further disease at last follow-up. The data suggest that SEF is a relatively low-grade fibrosarcoma; yet it is fully malignant despite the presence of histologically benign-appearing foci. The proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67 did not correlate with prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. A variant of fibrosarcoma simulating carcinoma. 766 Dec 86

Eight primary leiomyosarcomas of bone were registered in the files of the Basel Bone Tumor Reference Center, Basel, Switzerland, for the period 1972 to 1990. The mean age of the patients (six males and two females) was 43.7 years (range, 11 to 87 years). The tumors were located in the long bones, the fingers, and the clavicle, and presented radiologically mainly as slightly to moderately aggressive lesions (grades IB to II according to Lodwick). They reacted immunohistochemically with antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and total muscle actins (eight of eight), vimentin (seven of eight), desmin (three of eight), keratin (four of eight), type IV collagen (six of eight), laminin (five of eight), and S-100 (one of eight). Seven patients underwent surgery (five, resection; two, amputation). Some of them had received preoperative or adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. One patient with a metastasized tumor had received chemotherapy only. Tumor recurrences were observed in two cases. Four patients developed metastases of whom two were treated with chemotherapy or tumor resection. During a follow-up period of 1 to 72 months (mean, 46.5 months) four of the eight patients survived for up to 72 months, among them the only patient with grade 3 tumor and treated metastases.
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PMID:Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone: report of eight cases. 795 66

Nine smooth muscle tumours, arising at a variety of sites and showing granular cell change of their cytoplasm, have been studied morphologically and immunohistochemically. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 78 years (median 42 years); seven patients were female. Two tumours each arose in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue while the other five cases were situated in deeper soft tissue. Three of the lesions arose in the lower limbs, two in the pelvis and one each in the regions of the elbow, shoulder, breast and buttock. Follow-up in eight patients was available and revealed local recurrence in three and pulmonary metastases in two cases. All cases showed at least focally the light microscopic features of a smooth muscle tumour and demonstrated moderate to strong positivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Five were also HHF-35 positive and three were desmin positive. Noteworthy was strong positivity for the 'melanoma associated' antigen NKI/C3 in all cases. Six cases stained also weakly positive for NSE, but all were S-100 protein negative. The former is not specific but is the most reliable marker of lesions showing granular cell change. Granular cytoplasmic change represents simply a cytological phenotype, apparently representing a characteristic metabolic alteration, not exclusively associated with Schwann cell tumours. Tumours containing granular cells are best classified according to their line of specific cellular differentiation if possible.
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PMID:Granular cell change in smooth muscle tumours of skin and soft tissue. 820 Jun 24

Eight canine tumors originating from specific glandular structures in the anal region, as well as metastatic tumor tissue of two of these cases (case Nos. 7, 8), were immunohistochemically analyzed using various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against human keratin types, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, and alpha-smooth muscle actin. These tumors also were stained for the broad-spectrum neuroendocrine markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin. In histologically normal canine anal structures, alpha-smooth muscle actin and NSE antibodies stained basally localized (probably myoepithelial) cells in the anal glands and the anal sac glands. NSE staining also was present in a limited number of luminal cells in both anal glands and anal sac glands. Synaptophysin labeling was not observed in any of these glandular structures. Histologically, the tumors were differentiated into well- and moderately differentiated perianal gland tumors (n = 5) and carcinomas without perianal gland differentiation (n = 3), corresponding to the so-called apocrine carcinomas of the anal region. Immunohistochemically, the perianal gland tumors could be differentiated from the carcinomas by marked differences in staining pattern with the various keratin MoAbs, particularly MoAbs directed against human keratin types 7 and 18. The keratin-staining characteristics of the carcinomas suggest a glandular luminal cell origin. Metastases of the carcinomas showed loss of some keratin-staining characteristics as compared with the primary tumor. Staining for NSE was only observed in solitary cells and small cell clusters in the carcinomas and their metastases, whereas the alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody did not react with the carcinoma cells. None of the tumors stained for neurofilament proteins or synaptophysin. An unequivocal neuroendocrine nature of the carcinomas could not be substantiated by our immunohistochemical study, although the presence of a population of neuroendocrine cells within these neoplasms seems likely. Because the immunohistochemical features of the carcinomas with respect to various keratin MoAbs and NSE are similar to those of the anal glands and the anal sac glands, both these glands might be considered as site of origin of these carcinomas.
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PMID:The expression of keratins, vimentin, neurofilament proteins, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin in tumors of the specific glands in the canine anal region. 821 57

An immunohistochemical study of 106 malignant melanoma specimens from 59 patients, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, is reported. Negativity for HMB-45 was seen in 11% of specimens. The rate of positivity with CAM 5.2 was 7%. One specimen showed alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) positivity. For 11 of the 12 cases in which anomalous immunophenotypes were seen, multiple specimens were available; nine of these showed evidence of an alteration in the immunophenotype between specimens. Comparing the primary tumours with local recurrences and metastases, there was, variously, loss of HMB-45, S-100 protein and NKI/C3 positivity, and acquisition of CAM 5.2 and alpha SMA positivity. In some cases, the change of immunophenotype appeared to occur in a single step. However, one case with six consecutive specimens showed evidence of progressive loss of HMB-45, S-100 protein and NKI/C3 with concomitant gain of CAM 5.2 staining. The implications for the use of immunophenotyping in diagnostic practice are discussed.
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PMID:An immunophenotypic survey of malignant melanomas. 840 88

A rare case of the leiomyomatous variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. A 13-year-old boy presented with a recurrent painless mass on the ventral side of the right forefoot. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of spindle-shaped and round tumor cells in a fascicular or storiform, focally hemangiopericytoma-like growth pattern. The cytoplasm of the spindle-shaped tumor cells was eosinophilic and fibrillary, in some areas resembling smooth muscle cells. Immunohistologically, all tumor cells were vimentin-positive, most of them also stained with antibodies to desmin and muscle specific actin (MSA). In addition, many tumor cells showed a co-expression of alpha-sarcomeric actin and myoglobin. All tumor cells were negative with alpha-smooth muscle actin. Two years after surgical treatment and chemotherapy the patient is well with no evidence of distant metastases. The clinicopathological features and differential diagnostic problems are discussed.
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PMID:Spindle cell (leiomyomatous) rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. 851 10


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