Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fourteen hormone-producing gastrointestinal tract tumors were tested for their content of somatostatin (SRIH) receptors, using receptor autoradiography and in vitro binding assay with tumor homogenates. All four gastrinomas tested had high levels of SRIH receptors, as did two of five insulinomas and four of five vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumors. Receptor visualization was obtained with two different radioligands, either a SRIH-28 analog, [125I]-[Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]SRIH-28, or a SRIH octapeptide, the [125I]Tyr3 derivative of SMS 201-995 [H-DPhe-Cys-Phe-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr(ol)], [125I]204-090. In both cases receptors were localized over the tumor cell area only. Biochemical and pharmacological analyses of one insulinoma and two vipomas revealed saturable, high affinity binding sites with pharmacological specificity for SRIH. However, differences in receptor affinity of selected SRIH analogs, in particular SRIH-28 and SRIH octapeptides, were found between the insulinomas and the two other tumor types, vipoma and gastrinoma. The presence of SRIH receptors on various hormone-producing gastrointestinal tumors suggests that at least part of the beneficial effects of chronic therapy with SRIH analogs may be mediated through such membrane-bound receptors located on the tumor itself. SRIH receptor measurement may be of prognostic value in assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of SRIH analogs. They may also be of diagnostic value, if used as in vivo markers for the localization of small hormone-producing gastrointestinal tumors or their metastases.
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PMID:Hormone-producing gastrointestinal tumors contain a high density of somatostatin receptors. 282 49

The expression of NSE and hormone immunoreactivity were examined in lymph node metastases from 15 primary breast carcinomas (6 NSE-positive and 9 NSE-negative). NSE immunoreactivity was expressed in metastases in 7 cases. Both the primary tumour and lymph node metastasis(es) were NSE-positive in 3 cases. In 4 cases NSE-negative primary tumours were associated with NSE-positive lymph node metastases. In 2 of the 7 cases with NSE-positive metastases, the metastatic lesions did not express uniform NSE immunoreactivity. Immunoreactivity for hormones (gastrin (1 case), prealbumin (2 cases), ACTH and beta-endorphin (1 case) and somatostatin (1 case] was present in 5 of the 7 NSE-positive lymph node metastatic lesions. In one case only the same hormone (gastrin) was expressed in both the primary tumour and its lymph node metastasis. The present study shows that no relationship exists between primary tumours and the corresponding lymph node metastases with regard to NSE and hormone immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine activity in metastatic breast carcinomas. 284 16

A 46-year-old man had a 7-year history of severe rash, which was then diagnosed as necrolytic migratory erythema. He had a weight loss of 6 kg, abnormal glucose tolerance test findings, anemia, glossitis, hair loss, and hypoproteinemia. Plasma amino acids levels were significantly decreased, and the fasting plasma glucagon (IRG) level was high at 5000 to 8000 pg/ml. Circulating IRG significantly increased after oral glucose loading, meal ingestion, and arginine infusion, and decreased with somatostatin infusion and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. No other gut or pancreatic hormone levels in plasma were elevated. Plasma IRG was eluted by gel-filtration, mainly in the position of true glucagon (MW 3500) by antiserum 30K. The rash was markedly improved after infusion of amino acids. Computerized tomography (CT) scan and celiac angiography revealed a large pancreatic tumor with multiple liver and lymph node metastases. The pancreatic tumor was totally resected, and was identified as glucagonoma by immunohistochemical technique. Since the plasma IRG levels remained high after surgery, the patient received dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide therapy. After several courses of this treatment, plasma IRG levels decreased to 1000 to 2000 pg/ml, and the hepatic metastases were remarkably diminished in size.
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PMID:A functional study of a case of glucagonoma exhibiting typical glucagonoma syndrome. 286 23

Whilst investigating 26 members of the same family, we discovered 5 cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type II a. The present report demonstrates the diagnostic value of basal plasma thyrocalcitonin (TCT) assays, before and after stimulation with pentagastrin, and of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays. Some of the clinical features encountered were novel--e.g. in one patient the phaeochromocytoma was revealed by a haemothorax with cardiovascular collapse--and others were peculiar; thus, in 4 cases the medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was less than 2 cm in diameter and without lymph node or visceral metastases, even in patients aged 87, 59 and 56. More classically, MTC, always multifocal, was clinically silent, as were the two cases of phaeochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism. Phaeochromocytomas were difficult to diagnose. Ultrasonic tomography did not prove very helpful and the disease was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Finally, MTC secreted a variety of substances (TCT, CEA, beta-endorphin, somatostatin), and HLA A2-B15 antigens were found in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Hemothorax disclosing hemorrhagic necrosis of a pheochromocytoma: circumstance for detection of multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa. Detection of 5 familial cases]. 287 8

A center in Belfast, Northern Ireland, has established a register for tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system. Carcinoid tumors occur most frequently. Of the non-carcinoid tumors, insulinomas, gastrinomas, and unknown types have the highest incidence, with other types being extremely rare. The potentially remediable nature of the tumors is stressed, and frequently a good quality of life can be experienced even in the presence of metastatic disease. The syndromes are probably underdiagnosed as they present with clinical features for which there are more common explanations, and appropriate diagnostic methods are therefore not used. The management of the syndromes is reviewed with particular emphasis on the treatment of patients with inoperable disease. Histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist therapy has made an impact in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and streptozotocin and somatostatin analogues can control tumor growth and endocrine syndromes, respectively.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine tumors. A European view. 287 46

SMS 201-995 (Sandostatin) was studied using low doses (50 to 100 micrograms) administered subcutaneously every 12 hours. A single 50-micrograms dose of SMS 201-995 effectively controlled gastric acid and blood gastrin levels for 12 hours in three patients with benign gastrinomas and was useful in their perioperative management. Higher doses of the agent (500 to 800 micrograms per day) had no effect on metastases in one of two patients with metastatic gastrinoma. In the other patient, one tumor shrank but the other continued to grow after three months of treatment while serum gastrin levels did not change. Cultured metastatic tumor tissue from this patient released different forms of gastrin; growth rates varied, independent of uptake of SMS 201-995, and gastrin release increased. A neonate with nesidioblastosis maintained normal blood glucose levels while receiving SMS 201-995 therapy following a 95 percent pancreatic resection. In two elderly patients with organic hypoglycemia--one with a single benign adenoma and one with multiple adenomatosis--the somatostatin analogue did not prolong the hypoglycemia-free interval. In nine patients with carcinoid syndrome, flushing was uniformly controlled with 50 micrograms of SMS 201-995 administered every eight to 12 hours. One of the nine required exocrine pancreatic replacement. After six months of treatment, three of the nine had no change in tumor size and one had remission of symptoms and stopped treatment. In two patients with vipoma, SMS 201-995 controlled diarrhea and reduced levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide; tumor necrosis occurred in one patient. In a patient with diabetic diarrhea unresponsive to all treatments, SMS 201-995 therapy controlled the diarrhea but did not interfere with control of the diabetes.
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PMID:Somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) in the management of gastroenteropancreatic tumors and diarrhea syndromes. 287 47

Eight mucinous carcinomas of the breast were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; one was studied by electron microscopy. All 8 cases had abundant, relatively clear cytoplasm that contained mucin. Cells were argyrophil positive and argentaffin negative. Eight cases were positive for neuron specific enolase (NSE), 5 cases for serotonin, 1 case for serotonin and somatostatin and 2 cases for serotonin, somatostatin, and gastrin. None had clinical evidence of abnormal neuroendocrine function. Three patients had axillary lymph node metastases. Only 1 of 5 patients in whom there was clinical followup died of her disease. Electron microscopy of one case showed abundant intracytoplasmic and extracellular mucin, round and pleomorphic dense-core granules, numerous cell processes, and aggregates of intermediate filaments. These cases expand the histologic spectrum of breast carcinomas which may show neuroendocrine differentiation.
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PMID:Mucinous breast carcinomas with abundant intracytoplasmic mucin and neuroendocrine features: light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. 288 86

Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of glucagon, gastrin, insulin, and somatostatin in normal canine pancreatic islets and 20 canine islet cell tumors were done using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. In the normal adult canine pancreas, islets typically consisted of clusters of 20-30 cells, but smaller foci and even individual cells were identified. Alpha cells (glucagon) were often peripherally located, beta cells (insulin) were centrally located and most numerous, and delta cells (somatostatin) were the least numerous and randomly located. Both juvenile and adult canine pancreases did not stain for gastrin. Of the 20 tumors examined, 18 had positive immunoreactivity for insulin, nine for glucagon, 14 for somatostatin, and one for gastrin. Two tumors were uninterpretable due to autolysis. Three tumors were pure insulinomas, but no pure somatostatinomas, glucagonomas, or gastrinomas were identified. Most tumors and metastases had mixed positive immunoreactivity; one neoplastic cell type predominated with lesser numbers of other cell types. Metastatic sites (liver and lymph node) stained for insulin and somatostatin, only. Foci of non-neoplastic islet cell tissue (nesidioblastosis), often located at the pancreatic-mesenteric junction, stained strongly positive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin but not for gastrin. The tumor staining pattern did not consistently correlate with tumor function, as determined by blood glucose and serum insulin assays. The PAP technique works well on paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue using rabbit or guinea pig antisera as the primary antibody. Staining occurred on sections of paraffin blocks stored for up to 7 years.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry of normal pancreatic islets and spontaneous islet cell tumors in dogs. 288 53

Thirty-one primary canine pancreatic endocrine tumors and their metastases were studied histologically and immunohistochemically for the presence of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastrin, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Tumors were also evaluated for the presence of amyloid. The cytoarchitectural pattern of 25 of 31 primary tumors was predominantly solid, whereas three tumors were mostly glandular, two were unclassified, and one had a gyriform pattern. Cells with insulin immunoreactivity were found in 30 of 31 tumors and were found in all cases in which there was clinical evidence of inappropriate insulin secretion. Insulin was the only hormone demonstrable in three of the 30 tumors, but cells immunoreactive for other hormones were also present in various combinations in most tumors [i.e., glucagon (13 of 30), somatostatin (17 of 30), PP (25 of 30), and gastrin (2 of 30)]. One tumor contained only cells with glucagon and PP immunoreactivity. Amyloid was found in ten of 31 primary tumors but was not detected in metastases. Cells with insulin immunoreactivity were the only cell type consistently present in tumors containing amyloid. Amyloid deposits did not immunoreact with any of the antisera. Seventeen of 31 dogs had metastasis of the pancreatic endocrine tumor to regional lymph nodes, liver, or both. All metastases available for study (15 of 17) contained cells with insulin immunoreactivity and some contained cells with PP or somatostatin immunoreactivity. No statistically significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in tendency to metastasize were found when pancreatic endocrine tumors were compared by region of origin, cytoarchitectural pattern, presence of amyloid, or by number of hormones contained within the tumor.
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PMID:Canine pancreatic endocrine tumors: immunohistochemical analysis of hormone content and amyloid. 288 54

A patient with carcinoid syndrome on long-term antiserotonin therapy with parachlorophenylalanine, experienced a flushing attack with hypotension during the prophylactic administration of aprotonin prior to the induction of anaesthesia. When she was subsequently prepared with a long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide (Sandostatin, Sandoz SMS 201-995), plasma levels of tumour-released hormones were reduced and anaesthesia for resection of hepatic metastases was uneventful. The advantages of an anaesthetic approach based on inhibition of carcinoid tumour activity, rather than antagonism of released hormones, are discussed.
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PMID:Somatostatin, anaesthesia, and the carcinoid syndrome. Peri-operative administration of a somatostatin analogue to suppress carcinoid tumour activity. 288 27


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