Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Attempt were made to initiate cell lines from 11 specimens obtained from nine patients with renal cell carcinoma. Primary cultures were obtained in seven instances with only five long term cells lines. Two of these cell lines were obtained from metastatic tumors in two patients. Using microcytotoxicity assay, both autochthonous and allogeneic lymphocytotoxicity, specific to renal cell tumor, was demonstrated. This would suggest a common cross-reacting tumor-associated antigen. No lymphocytotoxicity could be demonstrated using autochthonous lymphocytes aganist two metastatic tumor target cell lines. This would suggest some antigenic differences between primary tumor and its metastases. In seven instances significant complement-dependent cytotoxicity was demonstrated using six different renal cell carcinoma target cell lines. Serums from three patients with renal cell carcinoma, one without any recurrent tumor and two with metastases, appear to significantly block the autochthonous and allogeneic lymphocyte cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Immunologic evaluation of human renal cell carcinoma. In vitro studies. 4 33

The results of various in vitro analyses indicate there is an active immune response against antigens associated with human malignancies. This immune response apparently can be augmented by nonspecific immunologic stimulates such as BCG. These agents are effective for destroying tumor when injected locally into intracutaneous disease but are not as effective for subcutaneous disease. Preliminary clinical trials indicated that immune stimulants are effective when administered systemically. The effect is only minimal for diseminated disease, but the therapeutic benefit is clearly augmented for patients with a minimal residual tumor burden, such as those patients with metastases to regional lymph nodes. Thus immunotherapy is a systemically active mode of therapy. Its toxicity is minimal, and it appears to be effective in a wide spectrum of the disease. However, immunotherapy is not effective for a large residual tumor burden; consequently it must be used in combination with other modes of treatment such as irradiation therapy or chemotherapy. Early experiences with BCG immunotherapy for malignant melanoma and C. parvum for oat cell carcinoma are encouraging. It is remarkable that a nonspecific immunologic stimulant does, in fact, have this effect. Immunotherapy experiments in animals suggest that in order to achieve maximal benefit. BCG must have close contact with tumor cells or must be combined with a tumor-associated antigen. If these principles are true for man, it would seem that improvements for nonspecific immunotherapy in human neoplasms would be further augmented if a tumor-related antigen could be extracted from human tumours and combined with a nonspecific immunologic stimulant.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of malignancies: current status. 17 34

The observed phenomenon that multiple distant metastases may appear and grow rapidly after operation on the primary cancer is very distressing. Many experimental results suggest that surgical procedures may precipitate dissemination and growth of tumor in some instances, but the overwhelming evidences document that surgical reduction of tumor bulk can achieve cure for the host and restore the immunity lost in the face of growing tumors. Various anesthetics were shown to interfere with many phases of the immune response. But recent studies suggest that the inhibitory effect of anesthesia alone is minimal. Depression of lymphocyte transformation, detectable as early as 2 hours after induction, was related primarily to the extent of tissue trauma, the amount of blood loss, duration of operation, and whether thoracic or abdominal cavity was entered. Posoperative changes of lymphocyte counts and transformation responses usually returned to normal values within a week, whereas depression of specific cellular immunity to tumor-associated antigen in vitro, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in vivo, persisted for about a week and gradually returned to normal by 3 weeks. Presently the clinical significance of such transitory depression of host immunity is not known. It is hoped that this review may stimulate interest in further experimental and clinical research.
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PMID:Effect of anesthesia and surgery on immunity. 33 98

The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) microassay detects tumor-associated antigen(s). Extracts of colon carcinoma (MCA-38 and B16 melanoma tumors, both syngeneic to the C57BL/6J mice) are recognized only by peritoneal cells from mice bearing the corresponding tumor. To ascertain whether this in vitro antigenic recognition correlates with the ability of the host to recognize and reject a tumor in vivo, serial LAI microassays were performed synchronously with experiments designed to test the ability of mice bearing tumors to reject live secondary tumor challenges. Concomitant tumor immunity was present in the MCA-38 tumor-bearing mice on 3 occasions from 5 to 15 days from primary inoculation. In the B16 system, concomitant immunity was present on one occasion 10 days after primary inoculation. These results in turn were paralleled with the specific in vitro recognition of tumor antigens as detected by the LAI microassays. Loss of immunity in the "eclipse" phase of tumor development, as detected by concomitant tumor immunity, was paralleled by nonreactivity of the indicator cells in the LAI microassay.
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PMID:Correlations between the leukocyte adherence inhibition microassay and in vivo tests of transplantation resistance. 36 84

Episialin, a mucus glycoprotein, is a well-known tumor-associated antigen used in a variety of tests to detect the presence of adenocarcinoma. With the introduction of the microparticle-captured enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), a new technique was introduced. We compared this assay with our standard method to detect adenocarcinomas, the measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In breast cancer, the breast cancer mucin (BCM) assay was more often positive in metastatic disease but was not better than CEA in stages I-III. In lung carcinomas, BCM and CEA gave similar results while in colorectal carcinoma, CEA was superior. BCM gave similar results to CA 15.3 in a group of breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Breast cancer mucin: an automated assay to detect mucus glycoproteins. 162 80

We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of three epitopes of the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) in whole cross-sections of primary colorectal carcinomas and in regional lymph node metastases using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) B72.3, CC-49, and CC-83, which recognize distinct carbohydrate antigenic determinants. B72.3, CC-49, and CC-83 reacted with 13 of 27 (48%), 25 of 27 (92%), and 21 of 27 (77%) carcinomas, respectively. The immunoreactivity with lymph node metastases followed a similar pattern; MAb CC-49 was again the most reactive of the three antibodies, since it labeled 13 of 15 metastatic lesions. Positive reactions of the MAbs with the primary tumors were not always predictive of the immunorecognition of their metastases. Distinct areas within whole cross-sections of TAG-72-positive primary carcinomas demonstrated marked differences in the expression of the three epitopes. CC-49 tended to react with the highest number of areas and with the highest percentages of carcinoma cells within each area. In no instances did B72.3 demonstrate reactivity superior to that of either CC-49 or CC-83. Tumors negative for the CC-49 epitope in any area also did not express the other two TAG-72 epitopes. However, the comparison of the immunostaining obtained with each MAb in TAG-72-positive primary lesions revealed areas where CC-83 was clearly more reactive than CC-49. Moreover, one lymph node metastasis, negative for CC-49, was recognized by CC-83. Thus, the combined use of MAbs CC-49 and CC-83 resulted in additive immunostaining of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells. The study provides evidence of intratumoral heterogeneity in the glycosylation pattern of the TAG-72 antigen in colorectal cancer and emphasizes the advantages of cocktails of anti-tumor-associated antigen MAbs in the immunodetection of colorectal tumor cells.
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PMID:Regional heterogeneity and complementation in the expression of the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 epitopes in colorectal cancer. 171 50

Monoclonal antibodies against a tumor-associated antigen (TAG-72) with mucin-like properties have been generated. MAb B72.3 was used to identify and help characterize this antigen. B72.3 has been successfully used for the localization of tumor metastases in situ after i.v. administration. MAb B72.3 has also been used in conjunction with CC49, another anti-TAG-72 MAb, to measure TAG-72 levels in sera and effusions. TAG-72 can be found in the fluids of patients with adenocarcinomas from many different sites. This CA 72-4 double determinant radioimmunoassay in conjunction with assays for carcinoembryonic antigen can identify patients with malignancies with greater sensitivity than either assay alone.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies against TAG-72. 186 28

Intrapancreatic and subcutaneous (SC) inoculation of cultured pancreatic cancer cells, derived from an induced primary pancreatic cancer in a Syrian hamster, resulted in tumor take in all recipient hamsters. The intrapancreatic allografts grew rapidly, were invasive, and metastasized into the lymph nodes and liver in 2 of 9 cases. In comparison, SC tumors grew relatively slower and formed a large encapsulated mass without invasion and metastases. Histologically, tumors of both sites showed fairly well-differentiated adenocarcinomas of ductal/ductular type resembling the induced primary cancer. Similar to the primary induced pancreatic cancers, tumor cells of both allografts expressed blood-group-related antigens, including A, B, H, Le(b), Le(y), Le(x), and tumor-associated antigen TAG-72. The tumor cells did not express Le(a), CA 19-9, 17-1A, or DU-PAN-2. The expression of these antigens was retained in the metastases and presented the same patterns of reactivity as the allografts. Thus intrapancreatic transplantation provides a rapid model for production of pancreatic cancer with morphologic similarities to human pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Development of intrapancreatic transplantable model of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma in Syrian golden hamsters. 200 Sep 35

To estimate the utility of the tumor-associated antigen CA 15-3 in the diagnosis of patients with breast cancer, this tumor marker was measured preoperatively in 1342 patients. This group included 509 patients with malignant disease (134 breast cancer patients and 375 patients with other malignancies not involving the breast) and 833 patients with benign surgical diseases (95 patients with fibroadenoma of the breast and 738 patients with other benign diseases). The results were compared with those obtained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The CA 15-3 level was above normal (25 U/ml) in 31% of the patients with breast cancer, in 22% of patients with other malignancies, and in 9% of patients with benign diseases. The CEA level was elevated in 26% of patients with breast cancer (more than 3 ng/ml). There was a good correlation of CA 15-3 levels with the tumor stage of breast cancer. Both CA 15-3 and CEA also were determined in 671 patients who had received initial curative surgery of breast cancer and who regularly attended our follow-up clinic. The CA 15-3 was found to be more sensitive than CEA in detecting recurrences of breast cancer. In the postcare period, carcinoma recurred in 205 patients. Of these, 73% had CA 15-3 concentrations above 25 U/ml; only 50% had CEA values above 3 ng/ml (P less than 0.0001). Although neither CA 15-3 nor CEA were sensitive enough for the screening and diagnosis of early breast cancer, CA 15-3 was significantly better than CEA in the detection of breast cancer metastases.
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PMID:The value of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer. A comparative study with carcinoembryonic antigen. 206 78

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen is a tumor-associated antigen isolated from the squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In order to estimate the usefulness of the SCC antigen in monitoring the clinical behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinomas, we analyzed clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically 54 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Elevated serum SCC antigen levels were detected in 23 (42.6%) out of 54 oral squamous cell carcinomas. The positive rate of serum SCC antigen levels was significantly higher in the patients with advanced clinical stages and poorly differentiated carcinoma. The serum levels declined rapidly after the surgical operation. It is considered that the serum SCC antigen levels could be useful in monitoring the extension, effectiveness of therapy, recurrence and metastases of the oral squamous cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, strong staining was seen in the cytoplasm of the well-differentiated carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma antigen in oral squamous cell carcinomas. 222 83


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