Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Breast metastases from gastric cancer are extremely rare. A case report of a 37-year-old female with breast inflammatory invasion and ascites is described. Breast biopsy revealed carcinomatous invasion of the lymphatics from adenocarcinoma cells with signet-ring features. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and c-erb-B2 were negative. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a prepyloric ulcerative mass. Histopathologic examination of the lesion showed infiltration from a high-grade adenocarcinoma, identical with that of the breast. Immunostaining was positive for cytokeratins CK-7 and CK-20 and CEA and negative for ER and PR. Ascitic fluid cytology was positive for adenocarcinoma cells. Mammography was not diagnostic. Abdominal CT scanning revealed large ovarian masses suggestive of metastases (Krukenberg's tumor). A cisplatin-based regimen was given but no objective response was observed. The patient died six months after initial diagnosis. A review of the literature is performed.
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PMID:Gastric signet-ring adenocarcinoma presenting with breast metastasis. 1671 28

Accurate identification of lymph node involvement is critical for successful treatment of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR with a specific probe and RNA copy standard for biomarker mRNA has proven very powerful for detection of disseminated tumour cells. Which properties of biomarker mRNAs are important for identification of disseminated CRC cells? Seven biomarker candidates, CEA, CEACAM1-S/L, CEACAM6, CEACAM7-1/2, MUC2, MMP7 and CK20, were compared in a test-set of lymph nodes from 51 CRC patients (Dukes' A-D) and 10 controls. Normal colon epithelial cells, primary tumours, and different immune cells were also analysed. The biomarkers were ranked according to: (1) detection of haematoxylin/eosin positive nodes, (2) detection of Dukes' A and B patients, who developed metastases during a 54 months follow-up period and (3) identification of patients with Dukes' C and D tumours using the highest value of control nodes as cutoff. The following properties appear to be of importance; (a) no expression in immune cells, (b) relatively high and constant expression in tumour tissue irrespective of Dukes' stage and (c) no or weak downregulation in tumours compared to normal tissue. CEA fulfilled these criteria best, followed by CK20 and MUC2.
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PMID:Biomarker selection for detection of occult tumour cells in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. 1675 96

Compared with the progress achieved in breast cancer, the use of prognostic and predictive parameters in colorectal cancer is lagging behind. One of the reasons is the limited information provided by 'classic' mutations as markers for response to therapy. To bridge this gap, prospective clinical trials need to be conducted to evaluate the usefulness of gene expression profiling and candidate markers, such as DNA repair proteins, onset of the methylator phenotype, neo-angiogenetic pathways related to inflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, tumor suppressors and cell signaling pathways (e.g. Akt). In parallel, the unrivalled sensitivity of molecular techniques may be applied to diagnostic parameters, such as cytokeratin 20 mRNA, for the detection of lymph node metastases. This article reviews the current knowledge on prognostic and predictive parameters in order to highlight the close link between tumor biology and tumor pharmacology. The increasing number of candidate markers together with recently introduced therapeutic options offer novel opportunities for a stepwise approach to the ambitious goal of individualized therapy in colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Links between biology, prognosis and prediction of response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. 1687 19

Coordinate expression profiles for cytokeratins 7 and 20 (CK7 and CK20) are useful for distinguishing certain types of adenocarcinomas but use for distinction of primary and secondary mucinous tumors in the ovary is limited due to the existence of a number of tumor types exhibiting overlapping CK7/CK20 immunoprofiles; the use of staining distribution patterns in the distinction of tumors with shared profiles has not been evaluated in detail. We report analysis of both coordinate expression profiles and staining distribution in 179 rigorously classified mucinous tumors in the ovary, including 53 primary tumors [35 atypical proliferative (borderline) mucinous tumors of gastrointestinal type and 18 invasive mucinous carcinomas] and 126 secondary tumors [28 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 54 appendiceal tumors (23 adenocarcinomas, 31 low-grade adenomatous mucinous tumors associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei), 14 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 8 endocervical adenocarcinomas, 5 gastric adenocarcinomas, 4 gallbladder/biliary tract adenocarcinomas, and 13 adenocarcinomas of unknown primary sites). A CK7+/CK20+ immunoprofile was the most common profile in primary ovarian tumors (74%), upper gastrointestinal tract tumors (78%), and endocervical tumors (88%) but was occasionally observed in lower intestinal tract tumors (colorectal: 11%; appendiceal: 13% of low-grade tumors, 35% of carcinomas). A CK7-/CK20+ immunoprofile was the most common profile in lower intestinal tract tumors (79%) and was uncommon in upper gastrointestinal tract tumors (9%), rarely seen in primary ovarian tumors (4%), and not seen in endocervical tumors. A CK7+/CK20- profile was observed in some primary ovarian (23%), upper gastrointestinal tract (13%), and endocervical tumors (13%) but not in lower intestinal tract tumors. For CK7+ tumors, staining distribution was very frequently diffuse (>50% of tumors cells positive) in primary ovarian, upper gastrointestinal tract, and endocervical tumors, whereas staining distribution was often focal (<50% of tumors cells positive) when present in colorectal and appendiceal carcinomas but not in low-grade appendiceal tumors. For CK20+ tumors, staining distribution was variable but often focal in primary ovarian tumors and nonlower intestinal tract tumors, whereas the pattern was almost always diffuse in lower intestinal tract tumors. Immunohistochemical staining distribution can supplement CK7/CK20 coordinate expression profiles to distinguish subsets of primary ovarian and metastatic lower intestinal tract mucinous tumors having overlapping immunoprofiles but neither coordinate expression profiles nor staining distribution distinguishes primary ovarian tumors from the nonlower intestinal tract metastases.
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PMID:Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in primary and secondary mucinous tumors of the ovary: analysis of coordinate immunohistochemical expression profiles and staining distribution in 179 cases. 1693 58

Metastatic cancers of the thoracic lymph nodes without primary sites are rare. Such cancers are difficult for clinicians to manage as identifying the primary sites is difficult in using routine histologic examinations alone. We searched for the site of the primary lesion using immunohistochemical exploration of cytokeratin (CK) and thyroid transcription factors 1 (TTF-1), and 2-[18F] and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) in a patient with cancer of the hilar lymph node without any known primary site. To our knowledge, there are no previous similar reports. A 45-year-old man presenting with a tumor in the right hilar region, underwent surgical resection of the tumor, resulting in a diagnosis of metastatic cancer of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes. An immunohistochemical examination revealed the neoplastic lesion to be positive for CK7, negative for CK20, and negative for TTF-1. Repeated searches to identify the site of the primary lesion by FDG PET over the 35 months since operation have failed to locate a primary site.
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PMID:Metastatic thoracic lymph node carcinoma of unknown origin on which we performed two kinds of immunohistochemical examinations. 1697 1

Recent studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the value of CDX2 for distinguishing primary ovarian mucinous tumors from metastatic mucinous carcinomas in the ovary. Utility of coordinate expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 is restricted to distinction of ovarian mucinous tumors from lower gastrointestinal tract metastases and data comparing coordinate expression of all three markers is limited. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to compare expression of CDX2 and cytokeratin 20, both markers of intestinal differentiation, in conjunction with coordinate expression of cytokeratin 7, in 90 mucinous tumors involving the ovary: 42 primary ovarian mucinous tumors (31 atypical proliferative (borderline) mucinous tumors (gastrointestinal type), 11 mucinous carcinomas) and 48 metastatic mucinous carcinomas of upper (pancreaticobiliary tract: 14; stomach: five) and lower (colon and rectum: 25; appendix: four) gastrointestinal tract origin. Primary ovarian tumors expressed CDX2 (40%) less frequently than cytokeratin 20 (83%) (P<0.0001). CDX2 expression in primary ovarian tumors (40%) was lower than CDX2 expression in metastatic carcinomas of both upper (74%; P=0.016) and lower gastrointestinal tract origin (90%; P<0.0001). Cytokeratin 20 expression was similar in primary ovarian tumors (83%) and metastases of upper (89%; P=0.071) and lower gastrointestinal tract origin (93%; P=0.29). Thus, as a single marker CDX2 offers some advantage over cytokeratin 20 because it is less frequently positive in primary ovarian tumors. In the almost universally cytokeratin 7-positive primary ovarian tumors and metastases of upper gastrointestinal tract origin, CDX2 coordinate expression was less common in primary ovarian tumors (36%) than in metastases of upper gastrointestinal tract origin (63%) (P=0.022) whereas cytokeratin 20 coordinate expression was identical in both tumor types (79%). In the almost universally cytokeratin 7-negative metastases of lower gastrointestinal tract origin, coordinate expression of CDX2 (83%) and cytokeratin 20 (86%) were equivalent (P=1.00). CDX2 was comparable to cytokeratin 20 in distinguishing metastases of lower gastrointestinal tract origin (usually cytokeratin 7-negative and CDX2/cytokeratin 20 positive) from primary ovarian tumors and metastases of upper gastrointestinal tract origin (usually cytokeratin 7-positive and CDX2/cytokeratin 20 variable). CDX2 provided some advantage over cytokeratin 20 for distinguishing primary ovarian mucinous tumors from metastases of upper but not lower gastrointestinal tract origin; however, the advantage in the former was limited due to the occurrence of shared coordinate expression profiles in both tumor types. Cytokeratin 7 provides the predominant discriminatory value among these markers yet is limited to distinction of primary ovarian tumors from metastases of lower gastrointestinal tract origin.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical expression of CDX2 in primary ovarian mucinous tumors and metastatic mucinous carcinomas involving the ovary: comparison with CK20 and correlation with coordinate expression of CK7. 1698 Sep 43

Small bowel metastases from primary lung cancer have rarely been reported and a single symptomatic metastasis to the small bowel is a rare occurrence. In the case reported here there was no evident additional site of metastatic disease and the diagnosis was made on the basis of morphology and immunohistochemistry analysis using CK 07, CK 20 and TTF-1 monoclonal antibodies. However, even in patients in whom the intestine is the sole metastatic site, the prognosis is dismal and most of patients die within 2 months.
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PMID:[Single symptomatic small bowel metastasis from primary lung cancer. A clinical case]. 1706 94

Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare sweat-gland neoplasm with a high recurrence rate. We report a new case of a primary recurrent mucinous carcinoma of the face in a 59-year-old man. Histopathologic examination of the neoplasm showed epithelial islands floating in mucoid material compartmentalized by fibrous septa. Cytokeratin 7, protein S100, estrogen and progesterone receptors were detected at immunohistochemical study, while cytokeratin 20 and actin were undetectable. Histologically, mucinous carcinoma of the skin can be mistaken for a metastasis from extracutaneous sites, particularly the breast or the gastrointestinal tract. Mucinous carcinoma of the skin has a relatively good prognosis with rare distant metastases, but high recurrence rate.
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PMID:[Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin. A case report]. 1712 53

Breast cancer occurs primarily in women aged 25 years or older. Breast carcinoma has the potential for widespread dissemination, such as metastasis to axillary lymph nodes, bone, lung, pleura, brain, and soft tissues. Liver, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract involvement are infrequent. We report a patient, a 62-year-old woman, with symptomatic cholelithiasis. The patient proceeded to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She had a previous history of mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy, performed for a breast ductal papillary carcinoma, 10 years prior to the cholecystectomy. The gallbladder was hydropic; the wall was thickened, with a focal broad-based lesion on the mesenteric face of the body. Histopathological evaluation of the focal broad-based lesion of the gallbladder revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma infiltration, without mucosal involvement. Subsequent immunohistochemical examination showed the lesion to be cytokeratin 7(CK7)-positive and cytokeratin 20 (CK20)-negative. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were positive. The final pathological diagnosis was breast ductal papillary carcinoma metastases to the gallbladder. Mammography of the other breast was normal. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain, chest, abdomen, and pelvis was performed, without any pathological findings. Bone Tc-99 scintigraphy was normal. Six months after the surgery positron emission tomography (PET) showed no evidence of metastatic disease. Two years after the surgery, the patient died, in the absence of recurrence. A literature review revealed only a few more cases of metastasic breast carcinoma to the gallbladder.
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PMID:Gallbladder metastases from ductal papillary carcinoma of the breast. 1713 39

A 75-year-old male visited our division with asymptomatic erythema on the glans penis which he first noticed six months earlier. The patient underwent total cystoprostatectomy under the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder four years earlier. At the time, the prostatectomy specimen incidentally revealed a prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma at the bilateral peripheral zone. A skin biopsy of the erythema revealed intraepithelial Paget's cells, and the patient underwent total penectomy under the diagnosis of extramammary Paget's disease. Histopathological examination revealed continuous intraepithelial Paget's cells from the glans penis to the urethral navicular fossa, and a ductal carcinoma was detected beneath the urethral mucosa to the excisional margin. Because the Paget's cells expressed cytokeratin 20, the tumor was diagnosed as Pagetoid spread rather than Paget's disease. Re-examination of the previous prostatectomy specimen revealed prostatic duct adenocarcinoma with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the final diagnosis was prostatic duct adenocarcinoma with Pagetoid spread to the glans penis. Follow up at nine months revealed neither local recurrence, nor distant metastases, although no adjuvant therapy has been given.
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PMID:[Prostatic duct adenocarcinoma with pagetoid spread on the glans penis: a case report]. 1717 76


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