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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present experiments demonstrate that animals carrying large peripheral intramuscular tumours were free of spontaneous pulmonary metastases. Secondaries in the lung emerged, however, after administration of agents such as trypsin, 10% dextrose or antiserum to alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG). Such metastases also appeared in animals treated with trypsin after amputation of the tumour-bearing limb. It is believed that the pulmonary vessels of tumour-bearing animals are lined with a layer of tumour-associated AMG. The presence of this peptide on vascular endothelium blocks the transmigration of tumour cells. Tumour emboli may remain dormant, i.e. unattached, in the vascular lumen. Agents inactivating AMG or enhancing vascular permeability (proteases, antisera to AMG or vasodilators) may promote the emergence of a latent tumour cell into an overt state. This is confirmed by the above experiments and by the microscopic appearance of the pulmonary vessels of test animals (shift of tumour cells from the intravascular to the perivascular space). It is suggested that latency is determined by the state of permeability of the vessels harbouring tumour emboli.
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PMID:On the latency of tumour cells. 8 78

In a retrospective study the frequency distribution of positive screenings for free-floating cancer cells in the peripheral venous blood of patients with cancers of the larynx, the abdomen and the lung was related to the frequency of blood-borne metastases and the incidence of thromboembolic episodes within 5 years of observation. Carcinomas of the larynx which were characterized by a very low frequency of blood-borne metastases are related with a high level of free-floating cancer cells in the venous blood. In contrast abdominal and lung cancers have a high frequency of blood-borne metastases, but a lower level of circulating cancer cells in the peripheral venous blood. Also there is a significant correlation between the initial presence of circulating cancer cells and the incidence of thromboembolic episodes in patients with abdominal and lung cancers, in contrast to patient with cancers of the larynx who lack this coincidence. On the basis of our observation we assume that the circulating tumor cells of the patients with abdominal and lung cancers have a high stickiness, therefore displaying a strong tendency to attach to the vascular endothelium. Only lodged cancer cells are able to penetrate the vessel wall and to develop metastases in the interstitial tissue. Remote and more or less generalized effects of cancer on blood coagulation are observed. In certain instances a disseminated intravascular coagulation results, almost exclusively due to remote effects of clotting factors elaborated by cancer cells, sometimes leading to micro- or macrothrombosis.
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PMID:[About tumor cell findings in the peripheral venous blood, blood-borne metastases and the incidence of thromboembolic episodes in patients with carcinoma of various localisations (author's transl)]. 13 99

Hematogenous metastases of carcinoma to dorsal root ganglia was found in 2 of approximately 500 consecutive autopsies in which a lumbar dorsal root ganglion was routinely examined microscopically. The primary tumors were poorly differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma and oat cell carcinoma of the lung, both with widespread hematogenous metastases which spared the central nervous system. No symptoms were detected clinically. In the same series of patients the sural nerve as well as the lumbar plexus were histologically sampled but no examples of distant endoneurial metastases were found. The vascular endothelium of dorsal root ganglia is fenestrated and, presumably as a consequence, provides no blood-ganglion barrier. This microvascular difference may account for the susceptibility of the ganglia to metastases when compared to nerve trunks which posses unfenestrated endothelium and blood-nerve barrier.
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PMID:Hematogenous metastases of carcinoma to dorsal root ganglia. 19 38

The 90-kD lung endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (Lu-ECAM-1) selectively promotes Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion of lung-metastatic B16 melanoma cells. Corresponding with their metastatic performance, high lung-metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells bind in significantly higher numbers to Lu-ECAM-1 than their intermediate and low lung-metastatic counterparts B16-L8-F10 and B16-F0, respectively. Maximum attachment is observed at a density of approximately 2.4 x 10(2) Lu-ECAM-1 sites/microns2 of plastic surface. B16 melanoma cell binding to Lu-ECAM-1 is blocked by mAb 6D3 and is competitively inhibited by soluble Lu-ECAM-1. C57B1/6 mice passively immunized with anti-Lu-ECAM-1 mAb 6D3 or actively immunized with purified Lu-ECAM-1 exhibit an anti-Lu-ECAM-1 antibody titer-dependent reduction in the number of B16 experimental metastases. Lu-ECAM-1 promotes neither binding nor metastasis of other lung-metastatic tumor cells (e.g., KLN205). Our data indicate that an "antiadhesion" therapy directed at interfering with the adherence of blood-borne tumor cells to organ-specific vascular endothelium is efficient in the control of metastasis formation in selective organ sites.
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PMID:Blocking of lung endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (Lu-ECAM-1) inhibits murine melanoma lung metastasis. 160 82

The osteoclast is unique in its ability to resorb bone, and excessive osteoclastic activity has been implicated in osteoporosis, Paget disease of bone, rheumatoid arthritis, and the growth of metastases in bone. The activity of this cell is controlled by the main circulating inhibitor, calcitonin, in association with locally produced modulators. We show that nitric oxide (NO) may be an important member of the latter group. NO is produced by the vascular endothelium and nervous system and is involved in both neurotransmission and the regulation of blood pressure. However, our results show that the autocoid is also a potent inhibitor of osteoclast function. NO (30 microM) produced a decrease to approximately 50% of the original osteoclast spread area. Similar effects were also produced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine or sodium nitroprusside, reagents that spontaneously release NO. These shape changes were associated with a reduction of bone resorption after a 24-hr incubation of isolated osteoclasts on devitalized bone slices. NO is thought to act by stimulating guanylate cyclase, with a consequent increase in cyclic GMP, but a different mode of action is likely in the osteoclast since dibutyryl or 8-bromo cyclic GMP have no effect. It should be noted that calcitonin can produce similar changes in shape and activity but is associated with an increase in osteoclast intracellular calcium and cessation of membrane movement; neither of these is produced by NO, suggesting that its mode of action is different. The abundance of NO-producing endothelial cells in bone marrow and their proximity to osteoclasts suggests that marrow endothelial cells may play a physiological role in the regulation of osteoclastic activity.
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PMID:Osteoclastic inhibition: an action of nitric oxide not mediated by cyclic GMP. 184 81

This study was conducted to elucidate the factors related with liver metastases, to clarify the significance of blood vessel invasion and then to predict liver metastases from these findings. Patients examined were 102 cases which underwent gastrectomy and were followed-up for more than 5 years or until death at our department. Two new staining methods were applied in this study; Victoria blue + hematoxylin eosin double staining for elastic fiber and Factor VIII related antigen for vascular endothelium. Significant differences in qualitative frequency of blood vessel invasion, the number of lymph node metastases, and the depth of invasion were found in those patients with liver metastases, as compared with 5 year survivors. Quantitative analysis of blood vessel invasion revealed significant importance of blood vessel invasions in the submucosa, in the forms of complete thrombus, wall invasion and partial thrombus, in the diameters of 0.01-0.1 mm and 0.1-1.0 mm. Applying discrimination coefficients of linear discrimination analysis, prediction of liver metastases was possible with 81.8% sensitivity, 85.3% specificity, and 83.6% accuracy. Liver metastases can be predicted from the qualitative and quantitative analyses of blood vessel invasion in the primary tumors by elastic fiber staining.
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PMID:[Significance of blood vessel invasion in gastric carcinoma--prediction of liver metastases from the blood vessel invasion in the primary tumors]. 194 58

Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) IKO-21 and IKO-25 obtained to the membrane antigen of the woman milk lipid globules were tested immuno- and cytochemically on the samples of human normal definitive and embryonal tissues and tumours. Mab IKO-21 are shown to react, apart from epithelial tissues, with a vascular endothelium and blood cells. Mab IKO-25 are specific to the epithelial tissue and malignant epithelial tumours. Their intensive reaction with the cells of malignant tumours of the mammary gland, lung, ovary and the type of their distribution in the organs and tissues enables their use in the differential diagnosis of malignant epithelial and non-epithelial tumours as for revealing metastases both in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies of the antigen of fat globule membranes in human milk]. 195 56

Many malignancies exhibit distinct patterns of metastasis that appear to be mediated by receptor/ligand-like interactions between tumor cells and organ-specific vascular endothelium. In order to study endothelial cell surface molecules involved in the binding of metastatic cells, we developed a perfusion method to isolate outside-out membrane vesicles from the lumenal surface of rat lung microvascular endothelium. Lungs were perfused in situ for 4 h at 37 degrees C with a solution of 100 mM formaldehyde, 2 mM dithiothreitol in phosphate-buffered saline to induce endothelial cell vesiculation. Radioiodinated rat lung endothelial cell membrane vesicles bound lung-metastatic tumor cells (B16F10, R323OAC-MET) in significantly higher numbers than their low or nonmetastatic counterparts (B16F0, R323OAC-LR). In contrast, leg endothelial membrane vesicle showed no binding preference for either cell line. Neuraminidase treatment of vesicles abolished specificity of adhesion of lung-derived vesicles to lung metastatic tumor cells. These results demonstrate that in situ perfusion is an appropriate technique to obtain pure endothelial cell membrane vesicles containing functionally active adhesion molecules. The preferential binding of lung-derived endothelial cell membrane vesicles by lung metastatic tumor cells is evidence of the importance of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in the formation of metastases.
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PMID:Endothelial cell membrane vesicles in the study of organ preference of metastasis. 198

The effects of DN-9693, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, on tumor cell attachment to endothelium were investigated to clarify its inhibitory action on metastasis. The role of platelets in the attachment of murine metastasizing tumor cells to endothelium was first examined in vitro. Morphological studies and quantitative isotope measurements revealed that tumor-cell-activated platelets significantly enhanced tumor cell attachment to the endothelium. This amplification is considered to depend on morphological and functional changes of endothelial cells: activated platelets may accelerate endothelial retraction, exposing more reactive subendothelium, and may increase the adhesiveness of endothelial cells. The platelet-enhanced tumor cell attachment to the endothelium was inhibited in the presence of DN-9693. The pretreatment of endothelial cells with the compound was also effective in inhibiting cell attachment. These data suggest that the inhibitory effects of DN-9693 on metastasis are in part mediated by the prevention of tumor cell attachment to the vascular endothelium.
Invasion Metastasis 1990
PMID:Inhibitory effects of DN-9693 on platelet-enhanced tumor cell attachment to cultured endothelium. 215 13

The turnover of endothelium in a normal adult male is very low. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, involves a high turnover of endothelial cells. It takes place during embryogenesis, ovulation and many pathological conditions, e.g. tumor growth. Soluble polypeptide growth factors for endothelial cells have been biochemically characterized. They are able to induce angiogenesis in vivo. Inhibitors of angiogenesis can inhibit tumor vascularization and the growth of solid tumors in mice. Tumor metastasis involves the migration of malignant tumor cells through endothelial cells. The organ and tissue specificity of these and other invasive migrations through vascular endothelium may be related to the heterogeneity and organ specificity of endothelial cells.
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PMID:[Endothelium, angiogenesis and metastasis]. 244 11


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