Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immune responses of 60 patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation were evaluated according to four anatomical sites irradiated. In vitro lymphocyte transformation tests with PHA, Con-A, and PWM and quantitative assays of IgG, IgA, and IgM were performed on blood obtained from each patient before and during therapy, and two weeks, two months, and six months after therapy. At these same testing intervals, skin tests with PPD, mumps antigen, Candida antigen, and SD-SK were performed. During irradiation, the mean values of all lymphocyte transformation tests were depressed, varying from 48% to 64% of pretreatment baseline. This depression persisted until about two months after completion of treatment. By six months, response rose to pretreatment values. When response was evaluated according to sites irradiated with all mitogens, the pelvic and pelvic plus abdominal groups showed consistently greater depression than the chest or head and neck groups. Radiation effected no significant changes in the mean values of IgG, IgA or IgM. A decrease in skin sensitivity was noted during radiation; 73% of the subjects responded positively before therapy while only 53% had at least one positive test during therapy. By two months postirradiation, 73% of the group clinically free of disease had positive skin tests. A comparison of clinical condition with test results is significant when one considers the 17 patients who developed metastatic disease or died from disease. The depression for all three mitogens during radiation therapy was greater for this group. Of the 17, only four had IgG levels in the normal range, and consistently fewer positive skin tests were demonstrated.
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PMID:Effect of therapeutic irradiation on the immune responses. 17

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, suggesting an etiologic relationship. We have under-taken studies (1) to quantitate the relationship between antibody titers to EBV-associated antigens and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in American patients since most of the patients in previous studies were of either Asian or African descent and (2) to determine the relationship between antibody titers and the clinical course of the disease. Sera from patients with primary or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and from patients in remission, from patients with various other head and neck tumors (including occult primary lesions and lymphomas), and from normal controls were titrated for IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen and IgA antibodies to VCA, using indirect immunofluorescence procedures previously detailed. High titers of antibodies to EBV-induced early antigens and VCA in the IgG fraction and VCA in the IgA fraction were frequently found in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A significant reduction in these titers was observed with clinical remission of the disease in treated patients. Preliminary findings suggest that EBV serology may be useful in the evaluation and treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and also in patients with cervical metastases from clinically occult promary sites in order to identify those with occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunovirologic assessment of American patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and occult primary tumors. 22 61

The purpose of the present paper was to study clinical, morphological and immunological aspects of late rejection of renal allotransplants. We have, therefore, analyzed the occurrence and nature of renal transplant disease and graft failure among 125 recipients surviving for 1 to more than 8 years after transplantation. In this population transplant disease as defined by the appearance of heavy proteinuria and/or steadily declining graft function occurred in 22 patients. At the closure date of the study on December 31, 1972 complete graft failure had occurred in 12 of these 22 patients and 4 of these have died. In addition two patients died in the presence of normal graft function, due to chronic hepatitis and metastatic cancer respectively. As based on clinical findings, pathophysiological features and renal lesions the patients with late transplant disease were classified into two groups and described accordingly. Group A, termed glomerular transplant disease, included a majority of 16 patients, constituting a rather homogenous idsease entity in relation to course of disease, clinical findings and renal lesions as studied by light-, immunofluorescence- and electron microscopy. All these patients presented with heavy proteinuria, which was non-selective in all but two, resulting eventually in complete loss of graft function in eight cases. All these patients developed hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia, and one half manifested a classical nephrotic syndrome. Arterial hypertension occurred in all patients except two. Glomerular structure as studied by light microscopy revealed a number of lesions of a rather polymorphous pattern in all patients in group A. Endomesangial proliferation, hyperplasia and segmental proliferation of epithelial cells and thickening of capillary walls were prominent features, although the degree of severity, extension and type of lesion occurred in such varying proportions that classification into any well characterized category of glomerulonephritis was not possible. All cases in group A revealed immune deposits, most frequently containing IgG, IgM, complement and fibrinogen. IgA, IgD and IgE were also demonstrated in a lesser proportion of cases in this group. The immunofluorescent pattern was a mixed granular and linear, and in no case strictly linear or granular alone. The ultrastructural investigation contains a detailed analysis of the
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PMID:Late failure or human renal transplants. An analysis of transplant disease and graft failure among 125 recipients surviving for one to eight years. 23 63

The immunological competence of 100 patients bearing urological cancers was evaluated by means of skin tests and serum immunoelectrophoresis. Cell-mediated immunodepressions were observed in 93.3% of prostatic cancers, 68.6% of bladder cancers and 38.4% of renal cancers. The immunoglobulin values increased in 80% of prostatic cancers, 31.3% of bladder cancers and in 23% of renal cancers. IgA was elevated in almost all the prostatic growths. In bladder and renal cancers a clear correlation between immunodepression and tumour stage was found. Treatment significantly improved the skin test reactivity in the evaluated patients. Metastases and recurrences occurred more frequently in immunodepressed subjects.
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PMID:Immunological evaluation in patients with urological cancers. 56 Mar 2

We have examined 111 cancer patients and 111 control individuals for general immunocompetence (haematological values, "recall" antigen skin tests, PHA and PPD induced lymphocyte transformation, serum Ig levels and lymphocyte subpopulations), for evidence of sensitisation to tumour-associated antigens (leucocyte migration test, serum inhibition of autologous leucocyte migration, lymphocytotoxicity, membrane immunofluorescence and immune adherence) and for evidence of continuing immune reactions (alterations of complement components and anticomplementary activity). Major differences between the cancer patients and controls were demonstrated by several tests of sensitisation and these also detected differences between patients with and without metastases. The only differences detected between cancer patients and controls by the tests of general immunocompetence were in serum IgG and IgA (higher in the cancer patients) and lymphocyte subpopulations ("active" T, autorosetting lymphocytes and lymphocytes forming "super-rosettes" increased in cancer patients). In a comparison of cancer patients with and without metastases, patients with metastases were less often reactive to the Candida DHS and streptokinase-streptodornase antigens and had raised circulating Fc positive cells. Abnormalities of the individual components of complement occurred in about half the cancer patients, but were equally common in those with and without metastases. Serum anti-complementary activity was very rarely detected. The tests of specific sensitisation correlated reasonably well but correlations of tests of general immunocompetence were infrequent.
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PMID:An examination of the immunology of cancer patients. 78 52

The levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were followed in 93 patients with metastases of various tumors in the liver, bones, lymph nodes, lungs and with the generalization of tumor in multiple organs. A significant increase of IgG was noted in those patients where liver, bones and lymph nodes were involved, compared to other tumor groups as well as with the values considered as normal range. A significant rise of the IgA class was observed in patients with liver metastases compared to cases with the generalization of tumor. In all groups the mean levels were scattered above the upper limit of normal values. The mean levels of IgM class did not exceed the upper normal limit, but in the group of bone metastases a significant rise was noted compared with the group of generalized tumors.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulin levels in cancer patients. III. Immunoglobulin levels and metastases of malignant tumors. 86 47

The primary immune response to Helix pamatia haemocyanin (HPH) was investigated in sixty-one patients with various clinical signs of malignant melanoma and compared to that of controls. Anti-HPH antibody response was only found abnormal in patients with widespread disease and visceral metastases, apparent from decreased 7S and increased 19S antibody levels. In vitro HPH-induced lymphocyte transformation, in contrast, was not only decreased in this late stage, but also in part of the patients in the beginning of the disease and was then correlated with subsequent tumour recurrence within 6 months. Generally, patients with positive lymphocyte transformation showed significantly higher 7S anti-HPH titres (mean 3-3 +/- 2-4 than patients without (1-7 +/- 1-6). In contrast to the lymphocyte transformation reaction, anti-HPH antibody response was not correlated with subsequent tumour recurrence. The same phenomenon of decreased 7S and increased 19S antibody response as in the melanoma patients with far advanced disease was observed to a less extent in controls with ageing. Anamnestic antibody responses to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and serum IgG and IgA levels were found normal. Elevated serum IgM levels were more frequently observed in patients with localized (19/31) and disseminated disease (11/29) than in controls (2/31). These results suggest that melanoma patients develop impaired T-lymphocyte functions in final stages with visceral metastases. A previous study showed that minor defects in lymphocyte function in an early stage as measured by HPH-induced lymphocyte transformation have predictive value for subsequent tumour recurrence.
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PMID:Primary immune response to Helix pomatia haemocyanin in malignant melanoma. Relationship between 19S and 7S antibody response and in vitro lymphocyte transformation. 94 47

In a phase I study, ten ovarian cancer patients with extensive metastatic disease despite chemotherapy were immunized three to eight times subcutaneously with the synthetic form of the immunodominant disaccharide (beta Gal1----3 alpha GalNAc) of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen conjugated to KLH (TF alpha-KLH) plus DETOX adjuvant. Six patients were given a "low" dose of TF alpha-KLH (100 micrograms/injection) and four patients were given a "high" dose (500 micrograms/injection). All patients received a single low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment (200 mg/m2 i.v.) 3 days prior to commencement of the series of immunizations. Immunizations were 2 weeks apart. Little or no toxicity was noted. As expected, all patients (prior to immunization) had naturally occurring IgM antibodies against the synthetic TF alpha hapten. None of the patients had detectable pre-existing IgG or IgA antibodies against synthetic TF alpha hapten. Nine of the ten ovarian cancer patients showed a significant increase in IgM titer above pre-existing levels following immunizations with TF alpha-KLH plus DETOX adjuvant. These same patients also produced IgG anti-TF alpha and eight of these also produced IgA anti-TF alpha, although the IgA responses were weaker. Most of the IgG responses followed the IgM responses by 2-4 weeks. Two patients produced a vigorous IgG response after their first TF alpha-KLH injection, suggesting a recall response. Both direct ELISAs on various solid-phase synthetic carbohydrate antigens and hapten inhibition experiments confirmed the TF alpha hapten specificity of the antibodies. IgM and IgG anti-TF alpha-specific antibodies reacted with natural TF antigen, by ELISA and FACS analysis, although the titers were generally lower than the titers against the immunizing TF alpha hapten. Increased levels of cytotoxic antibodies against TF-expressing tumor cell targets were detected in eight of the ten patients following immunization. One patient who had no detectable cytotoxic antibodies prior to immunization developed increasingly strong cytotoxic antibodies as a function of the number of immunizations. The low antigen dose patients showed as good or better humoral immune responses than the high antigen dose patients. All four high-dose and four of six low-dose patients developed moderate to strong DTH reactions at the vaccination sites. Our results demonstrate that KLH is an acceptable carrier for carbohydrate haptens in humans and that DETOX is an appropriate nontoxic adjuvant for the generation of high-titer specific anti-carbohydrate responses in human cancer patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Active immunization of human ovarian cancer patients against a common carcinoma (Thomsen-Friedenreich) determinant using a synthetic carbohydrate antigen. 159 15

In our institution, over 200 patients with gastro-intestinal tract carcinomas have been treated with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) including CO 17-1A. In one clinical trial, MAbs were administered in combination with gamma interferon. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) were studied in patients before treatment. Very low NK and ADCC activities were measured in metastatic cancer patients. NK cell lysis was enhanced during gamma-interferon treatment, associated with a modification of the Fc receptor expression, but no changes in the ADCC reactivities of leukocytes were noticed. Monoclonal antibodies were circulating for one to four weeks after a single dose infusion, independent of the patients' immune responses toward the administered MAb. Sixty-three percent of the patients mounted an anti-mouse immunoglobulin response. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were detected in 70% of the responding patients. Variations in the anti-mouse Ig responses were dependent on the therapeutic protocol. The immune responses were composed of IgM, IgA, and IgG (mainly IgG1, often associated with IgG2 and/or IgG3). In patients receiving MAbs together with gamma-interferon, development of the anti-mouse Ig responses were delayed with an increase in the anti-isotypic component and a decrease in the anti-idiotypic component as compared to patients treated with MAb alone. No correlation could be established with clinical results.
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PMID:Human anti-murine immunoglobulin responses and immune functions in cancer patients receiving murine monoclonal antibody therapy. 190 36

Routinely processed biopsy material, including 56 gliomas of varying malignancy, 10 meningiomas, 10 brain metastases and 12 brain abscesses, was examined for the presence and distribution of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and albumin using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In all specimens the deposition of stained immunoglobulins (Ig) was strictly associated with that of albumin even on cell surfaces. Thus there was no evidence for specific membrane binding or cytotoxicity. The interstitial proteins demonstrated are most likely derived from the plasma by blood-brain barrier breakdown which occurs in nearly all tumors and abscesses. Obvious intracellular staining for Ig and albumin was seen in glioma cells and astrocytes only. This is suggested to be due to active protein uptake as a specific feature of astrocyte differentiation which decreases with malignancy and is lost in glioblastomas. Evidence for local Ig production was found in 8 out of 10 metastases with striking IgG- and IgA-positive plasma cells within lymphocytic infiltrations and in one meningioma showing conspicuous plasma cells components. No glioma contained Ig-bearing plasma cells, though round cell infiltrations were present in 64% of the unselected cases. The significance of these findings regarding the immunological situation in brain tumors is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of immunoglobulins and albumin in human brain tumors. 254 57


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