Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 110 patients (68 male and 42 female) with cerebral metastases, treated at the Institute of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Zagreb University School of Medicine, during the period 1978-1984, were included in the study. Most patients were aged 50-60 years. Out of 110 patients, 52 were treated by radiotherapy and 58 by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy. Metastases from the bronchus carcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma and gastrointestinal carcinoma were present in 59%, 21.8% and 4.6% of patients, respectively. In 1.8% metastases from hypernephroma and in 3.6% from other malignant tumors were observed. In 4.6% cases, the origin of metastases could not be identified. Fifty-two out of 110 patients were treated by radiotherapy alone. They received 3000 cGy in 8-10 fractions, to the whole brain, with two parallel opposed fields. Fifty-eight out of 110 patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given the same radiotherapeutic treatment. Chemotherapeutically, they were treated with BCNU and CCNU with or without Vincristin in standard doses. In the group of 52 patients treated by radiotherapy alone the median survival was six months (1-16 months), i.e. the same as in the group treated by both radiotherapy and chemotherapy (1-26 months).
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PMID:The influence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on cerebral metastases. 226 13

Despite the prevalent scepticism regarding its value, chemotherapy for metastatic renal cell cancer was used in 45 patients, of whom 44 were nephrectomized, aged between 34 and 75 yr with a mean age of 57.3 yr. In 32 patients chemotherapy was used as palliative treatment because of the presence of their often multiple metastases or in 13 patients following surgical removal of metastases and/or histologically high-grade malignancy, as adjuvant treatment. Our treatment schedule consisted on day 1 of vinblastine 5 mg/m2 to a maximum of 10 mg provided intravenously in 1 or 2 to 3 week intervals X 6 and CCNU 130 mg/m2 orally each 6th week. This treatment schedule was supported by an intensive antiemetic regimen. Gastrointestinal side effects were well tolerated while 30% hematological depression necessitated extension of treatment intervals. The mean number of cycles was 2.5-3.7, respectively, with a maximum of 6. Palliative treatment resulted in 19% complete plus partial remission, 62% stabilization, and 19% progression, while adjuvant therapy proved to be superior with 10 of 13 patients in remission at 3-21 months, and 1 of 3 patients with metastatic recurrence in further remission for 20 months; two of three patients died. Palliative chemotherapy with CCNU-vinblastine acted successfully by blocking cancer progression, while adjuvant treatment together with surgical extirpation of metastases may have prolonged tumor-free remission.
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PMID:Palliative and adjuvant chemotherapy of metastatic renal cancer. 245 28

The effects of cytotoxic (cyclophosphamide, CCNU, GANU), antiinvasive (vincristine, vinblastine) and antimetastatic (ICRF-159, DM-COOK) agents have been compared in mice-bearing P388 and L1210 leukemias, and TLX5 lymphoma. The drugs tested increase the survival time of the treated mice in a manner consistent with a cytotoxic action in the case of cyclophosphamide, CCNU, GANU, vincristine and vinblastine. Leukemic infiltration of the brain after i.p. tumor implantation has been determined by bioassay of this organ, and is reduced by treatment with all of the drugs tested, with the exception of ICRF-159. DM-COOK appears to increase the life-span of the treated animals by the inhibition of leukemic spread rather than by a cytotoxic action. The marked cytotoxicity of vincristine and vinblastine is sufficient to account for failure to detect any antimetastatic effects of these agents. The lack of antidisseminative effect observed for ICRF-159 under the experimental conditions employed might be connected with the observation that the antimetastatic action of this drug on solid tumors is due to its effects on tumor blood vessels.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Effects of antimetastatic, antiinvasive and cytotoxic agents on the growth and spread of transplantable leukemias in mice. 295 Oct 46

From 1967 to 1977, 72 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were seen. Thirty-five of these patients had unilaterally localized lesions (limited disease) and were treated with cobalt 60 radiation therapy (6,000 rad in six weeks) followed by chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), vincristine, methotrexate and lomustine (CCNU) (Group A). The remaining 37 patients with extensive disease were treated with similar chemotherapy alone, or in combination with local palliative radiotherapy to the symptomatic area (Group B). For Group A the five-year survival rate was 20 percent, while for both groups combined, it was only 5 percent.During this same period 560 patients with non-small cell carcinomas were treated. The five-year survival rate for those patients with operable, resectable lesions was 33 percent, while for those with unilateral, inoperable, unresectable lesions, it was 10 percent. Thus, it would appear that the results in limited small cell and non-small cell carcinomas of the lung utilizing high-dose radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy are comparable, and that limited small cell carcinoma of the lung patients with high-dose radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy can survive longer than those patients with stage III, non-small cell lung carcinoma.While the two- to five-year survival rates in small cell carcinoma demonstrate no appreciable differences, in non-small cell carcinomas there are significant two- to five-year survival differences. These improved results probably are due to the increased sensitivity of small cell carcinoma to high-dose local radiotherapy and to the chemotherapeutic vulnerability of circulating and microscopic metastatic cancer cells.
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PMID:Cure rates in small cell and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung utilizing high-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 301

The tumor was found in the peritoneum of a 6-months old female NMRI-mouse. Histologically it can probably be classified as a less-differentiated reticulum-cell sarcoma (histiocytic sarcoma). Following ip. or sc. transplantation metastases were only in some cases found. After im. inoculation of tumor brei lungs, livers, kidneys, spleens and lymph nodes were free of metastases, as a bioassay revealed. The im. transplantation was the most suitable technique for chemotherapeutic experiments: It resulted in a 100% take rate and a relatively narrow and well reproducible death range; tumor size and life span of the animals could be used as therapeutic parameters. The tumor was highly sensible against the cytostatic drugs Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Vincristine. A moderate activity showed CCNU, Cis-DDP and Bleomycin, while DTIC and a novel Benzochinonguanylhydrazon-derivative only reversibly influenced the tumor growth and not the life time of the animals. Liposomally encapsulated Daunorubicin and Bleomycin had in general similar effectiveness as the drugs in its free form. Because of its high sensitivity against a lot of cytostatics with different mechanisms of action the tumor can be recommended for the screening of novel antineoplastic substances.
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PMID:Characterization of a new tumor in NMRI-mice suitable for chemotherapeutic experiments. 329 88

Cryotherapy or cryotherapy plus intratumoral injection of BCG vaccine were used in combination with either prospidin or imidazole-carboxamide and multidrug chemotherapy including vincristine, dactinomycin and CCNU for the treatment of 106 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of skin malignant melanoma. Five-year survival for the entire group was 36 +/- 5.1%. The best results were obtained for prospidin (43.6 +/- 8.6%) (imidazole-carboxamide--31.3 +/- 9.4% and combined chemotherapy--30.5 +/- 5.8%). Imidazole-carboxamide should be used in conjunction with cryotherapy plus intratumoral BCG vaccine. Procedure of topical treatment did not significantly influence the effectiveness of prospidin or combination chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Combined treatment of patients with metastases of skin melanoma using cryotherapy]. 342 Aug 21

Eighteen adult colorectal cancer patients, previously untreated with systemic chemotherapy, were given CCNU and MISO. One patient had an excellent partial response of pulmonary metastases, but the overall response rate was only 6%. Gastrointestinal toxicity was modest, hematologic toxicity was similar to what would have been predicted for CCNU alone, and there was no neurotoxicity detected. This Phase II study demonstrates that these two agents can be administered safely, but have no advantage over CCNU alone.
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PMID:Evaluation of CCNU and misonidazole in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. 359 41

The tissue levels of two proteolytic enzymes, plasminogen activator and cathepsin B - like cysteine proteinase, which were found to be increased in malignant tumors and to be proportional to tumor metastatic potential in some instances, have been determined in a panel of solid metastasizing tumors in mice. The examination of B16 melanoma, MCa mammary carcinoma and of two lines of Lewis lung carcinoma with widely different potential to spontaneously metastasize, showed no correlation between metastatic potential and the tissue content of the proteinases considered. The treatment of the animals with cytotoxic antitumor drugs (CCNU, GANU, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide) or with antimetastatic drugs acting with a mechanism unrelated with cytotoxicity (ICRF 159 and DM-COOK) caused only marginal inhibition in some instances, whereas no meaningful pattern of inhibition either based in terms of metastatic potential of the tumor or on drug mechanism of action was recognizable. A direct involvement of the two proteinases examined in the process of metastasis in the tumor panel used is thus not apparent, although a more complex interaction with other latent proteinases and inhibitors might be operative.
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PMID:Proteinases and proteinase inhibition by cytotoxic and antimetastatic drugs in transplantable solid metastasizing tumors in mice. 389 94

Eighteen patients with unresectable carcinoma of the stomach whose known malignant disease was confined to structures immediately adjacent to the primary tumor and could be encompassed within a radiotherapy field were treated with an intensive sequential combined modality regimen. The regimen consisted of 5-FU plus adriamycin chemotherapy, followed by high dose megavoltage radiation therapy with 5-FU given as a radiation sensitizer, followed by maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU plus adriamycin plus methyl CCNU (FAMe). Our primary objective was to determine patient tolerability. Severe and prolonged anorexia, nausea, and decreased performance status occurred during and after high dose radiotherapy given twice daily in 150-170 cGy (rad) fractions when given with 5-FU. Lengthening intervals between treatment segments, and the use of one daily dose of radiation therapy combined with 5-FU or two fractions daily without 5-FU seemed to decrease nutritional complications. Control of tumor at the primary site appeared to be achieved in most patients. Distant metastases represented the predominant mode of treatment failure with only two patients currently without progression of malignant disease. Our treatment regimen as initially conceived was too toxic for general use. Improved therapeutic results in locally unresectable gastric cancer will require the development of more effective therapy for occult distant metastases.
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PMID:A pilot study to determine clinical tolerability of intensive combined modality therapy for locally unresectable gastric cancer. 404 45

Chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma was performed in 80 consecutive evaluable patients. DTIC, BCNU and CCNU produced responses in 28% of patients, alone or in combination with each other. Three of 62 patients treated with DTIC remain free of tumor, off therapy at 18-36 months following objective regression of metastases. Chemotherapy with commercially available drugs continued to be uniformly unsuccessful. DTIC was used successfully in treatment of extensive extracranial disease, including one patient with metastatic melanoma during pregnancy. Cerebral metastases were the sole or major cause of death in 8/9 patients who relapsed following control with DTIC for nine months or longer, and one patient developed a carcinoma of the breast following therapy with DTIC and BCNU. Remission was induced in two patients with intralesional BCG, after prior attempts to control metastases with DTIC and combination chemotherapy.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of malignant melanoma with dimethyl traizeno imidazole carboxamide (DITC) and nitrosourea derivatives (BCNU, CCNU). 460 84


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