Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Close correlation between the size of Morris hepatoma 5123D implanted in the hind limb of rat and serum gamm-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was found. The tumour implanted in both hind legs of the rat resulted in about twofold increase of the serum enzyme activity. The growth of the hepatoma resulted also in a significant increase in the enzyme activity in urine of the tumour-bearing rats. After surgical removal of the leg with hepatoma a rapid decrease in the enzyme activity in both the studied body fluids and its subsequent renewed increase associated with formation of pulmonary metastases were observed. Partial hepatectomy and pancreatectomy were without effect on the serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity.
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PMID:Effect of size of Morris hepatoma 5123D on gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in serum and urine. 1 Nov 52

Carcinoembryonic antigen and some liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase and cholinesterase) were evaluated in patients with primary colorectal cancer in order to define their role in the pre-operative detection of liver metastases. The records of 278 consecutive patients admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan between January 1982 and December 1983 who were suffering from primary invasive colo-rectal cancer and who underwent laparotomy were retrospectively analyzed. At laparotomy, liver metastases were found in 38 pts (13.7%). Considering single tests, CEA was the most sensitive (71%); no single test was found to be reliably predictive, when the result was abnormal. On the contrary, the normal value of each test was associated with a good prediction. When we considered all the five tests together in the single patient their predictive value, when abnormal, proved to be quite good only if four or five results were abnormal. On the other hand, liver metastases in the presence of all normal tests were found only in two patients, so giving a negative predictive value of about 97%. So we conclude that, in the lack of an infallible imaging technique for liver evaluation, in the presence of all normal tests any other investigation on the liver could be avoided. However, when liver tests are pathologic, some other imaging technique should be performed in order to supply the surgeon with information about the extent and the spread of the metastases.
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PMID:The role of CEA and liver function tests in the detection of hepatic metastases from colo-rectal cancer. 209 Jan 87

To investigate the prognostic factors in Western patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 206 patients with confirmed diagnoses of hepatocellular carcinoma were studied in terms of survival. All patients were diagnosed between 1983 and 1987. A multivariate survival analysis (Cox regression model) using clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographical and pathological data obtained at diagnosis disclosed that bilirubin (p = 0.0001), ascites (p = 0.0001), toxic syndrome (defined by the presence of weight loss greater than 10% premorbid weight, malaise and anorexia) (p = 0.009), blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.025), tumor size (p = 0.001), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (p = 0.0006), age (p = 0.0005), serum sodium (p = 0.003) and presence of metastases (p = 0.002) were independent predictors of survival. According to the contribution of each of these factors to the final model, a prognostic index was constructed allowing division of patients in different groups according to their relative risk of death: RRD = EXP (Age x 0.03 + Ascites x 0.8281 + BUN x 0.0137 + Serum sodium x (-0.0538) + gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase x 0.0019 + Bilirubin x 0.0734 + Tumor size x 0.33 + Toxic syndrome x 0.4965 + Metastases x 0.55). These results facilitate the stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma patients to design and evaluate future controlled trials.
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PMID:Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in the west: a multivariate analysis in 206 patients. 217 Feb 67

The activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GT) (EC 2.3.2.2) was examined by histoenzymatic labelling on frozen sections derived from normal breast tissue, benign lesions and carcinomas. In biopsies from normal tissue and benign lesions, labelling was very intense in lumina and in the apical pole of the cells lining the lumina whilst in the cytoplasm it was slightly positive. In 34 out of 70 carcinomas, gamma GT activity was either undetectable or slightly positive while in the remaining 36 there was intense activity. Statistical examination of the results revealed no obvious correlation of gamma GT activity with histological grade of the tumour, progesterone receptor content or classification of patients by pre- or postmenopausal status. A good correlation between gamma GT activity and the following unfavourable prognostic signs: lymph node metastases and absence of oestradiol receptors. Patients with gamma GT-negative tumours may have a more favourable prognosis than those with gamma GT-positive tumours.
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PMID:gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity in human breast lesions: an unfavourable prognostic sign. 287 9

During the years 1975-1985, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver was performed in 655 patients. The procedure entailed no complications. In 302 (46%) cases, the samples contained malignant cells; in 238 (36%), liver cells; in 46 (7%), cells suspected of malignancy; in 69 (11%) of cases, the samples were unsatisfactory. The medical records of 242 patients were reviewed. Based on the results of different examinations it was established that 149 patients had liver metastases and 62 did not. In 31 patients, evaluation could not be done owing to insufficient data. The cytological findings were compared with the results of liver scintiscan, Alcaline phosphatase, serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and histological diagnoses. There were no false-positive cytological diagnoses. False-negative diagnoses were found in 14% of cases. Cytologically positive samples from known primaries were reviewed. It has been established that pallisade-like formations are characteristic for metastases of intestinal carcinoma; usually in these cases, necrotic material and inflammatory cells were found as well.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of metastases in the liver. 289 55

Drug resistance is a major problem in chemotherapy of squamous cell head and neck cancers (SCHNC). Since glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in mediating tumor cell resistance against various toxic insults, GSH metabolism in SCHNC xenografts was investigated. Xenografts from lymph node metastases contained markedly higher GSH concentrations compared with those derived from the corresponding primary lesions. After subcurative chemotherapy with cisplatin (DDP), a significant increase of both GSH levels and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (gamma-GT) was gained in tumor HT1M. Tumor HT3M showed high concentrations of GSH and gamma-GT, although these latter concentrations did not increase following chemotherapy with DDP. These findings suggest a possible impact of GSH metabolism on both the formation of metastases and the phenomenon of drug resistance in SCHNC.
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PMID:Glutathione content and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in squamous cell head and neck cancer xenografts. 290 36

The use of a selected group of biological markers in breast cancer patients who are disease free but at risk of relapse after mastectomy has potential for detecting recurrent tumor before there is clinical evidence. In this preliminary study, multiple materials were serially analyzed in the body fluids of patients without overt tumor but receiving adjuvant chemotherapy because of positive axillary nodes at surgery. The total frequency of elevated levels was determined and compared for those patients who remained disease free, for those who subsequently relapsed, and for a third group of patients with proven metastases. Frequency of elevation was directly proportional to increasing disease. Although differences in the relative frequency of individual materials was observed, the same trends with increasing tumor burden were found. The results suggest that the serial measurement of biological markers has potential for indicating the presence of occult disease. A nucleus of biological markers to be considered should include carcinoembryonic antigen, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio for bone lesions, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase for liver involvement.
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PMID:Multiple biological markers and breast carcinoma: a preliminary study in the detection of recurrent disease after primary therapy. 611 32

Plasma gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) levels were measured in 435 cancer patients, 120 healthy controls, 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis, and 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean GGTP activity of all cancer patients studied, with the exception of malignant lymphoma, was significantly elevated compared to control values. Several patient groups were retrospectively analyzed to determine whether GGTP levels correlated with clinical status. Patients who were disease-free had GGTP levels in the normal range, whereas patients with metastases had elevated levels. Serially increasing GGTP levels were associated with disease progression and death. Persons who remained free of disease had serial GGTP levels within the normal range. Furthermore, decreasing levels were associated with response to therapy. These results indicate that GGTP levels may have prognostic value in various human malignancies.
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PMID:Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels as an aid in the management of human cancer. 613 75

The diagnostic value of 7 laboratory parameters for the detection of metastases was investigated in 136 patients with verified breast carcinoma after mastectomy. The post-operative interval was 6 to 80 months (means = 27.5). 61 patients had multiple metastases as determined by physical examination, X-rays, computertomography, sonographic and scan procedures, while the other 75 patients had no evidence of metastases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) proved to be reliable parameters for the presence of metastases; the combination of these 3 parameters had a sensitivity of 73.0% and a specificity of 94.7% in the detection of metastases. The additional determination of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), blood sedimentation rate (BSR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum iron (Fe) increased the sensitivity of metastases detection to 83.8%, but the specificity decreased to 46.2%.
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PMID:[Significance of laboratory chemical parameters for the detection of metastases in breast cancer]. 614 67

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GT) were determined in three groups of patients: 21 with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), 106 with metastatic liver disease, and 110 with various degrees of alcoholic liver diseases. AFP was elevated in 12 out of 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma but in none of 7 with cholangiocarcinoma. CEA was elevated in 8 of 14 with hepatocellular carcinoma and in 5 of 7 with cholangiocarcinoma. In metastatic liver disease, 83% had elevated CEA greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l, 50% having CEA levels greater than 20 micrograms/l. AFP was moderately elevated in 26% of the patients, the values being less than 100 micrograms/l in all but one. In patients with alcoholic liver disease, 31% had elevated CEA levels greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l; one of these had an extremely high value of 245 micrograms/l. AFP was moderately elevated to less than 100 micrograms/l in only 9%. CEA is a sensitive indicator of metastases: a value above 20 micrograms/l is almost always associated with malignancy. However, the presence of alcoholic liver diseases must be considered in evaluating patients with increased CEA levels. AFP and CEA seemed to be of value in differentiation between primary and secondary liver carcinoma. ALP and GT are also relatively sensitive indicators of malignant liver disease, but they are more unspecific than AFP and CEA.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary liver carcinoma, metastatic liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. 618 10


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