Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case of a 38-year-old female with primary argyrophil cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is reported. Two years after operation the patient developed widespread metastases with typical Cushing's syndrome. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of solid anaplastic cells, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cells. The plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol were elevated. Many cells of both the primary and metastatic tumors showed argyrophilia. Almost all the cells of the metastases contained numerous round secretory granules measuring about 117 micrometers in diameter. Small rod-shaped or larger round secretory granules, measuring 250 and 430 micrometers respectively, were also found in a few of these cells. The tumors in the right lung, pancreas, and kidney contained high levels of ACTH, beta-MSH, serotonin, histamine, and amylase. This is the first report of ectopic production of these five substances from argyrophil cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
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PMID:Argyrophil cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with ectopic production of ACTH, beta-MSH, serotonin, histamine, and amylase. 22 79

A case of carcinoma of the stomach associated with severe hypoglycemia is reported. Diagnosis of insulinoma was excluded on the basis of history as well as laboratory tests. Postmortem examination revealed widespread small metastases to various organs; no metastasis was found in the pancreas; the histology of this gland did not show any pathological finding. No impairment in pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and liver function was detected. Fasting blood sugar ranged from 18 to 56 mg/100 ml. An oral glucose tolerance test showed a diabetic pattern with low insulin. Tolbutamide, glucagon and glucose injected i.v. gave only a moderate rise in plasma insulin levels; plasma glucagon response to arginine was subnormal. The determination of NSILA-s and gastrin in the serum of this patient gave normal values. Diazoxide infusion induced an increase in blood glucose and subsequent treatment with diazoxide relieved hypoglycemia for some months. The occasional detection of an islet cell antibody by immunofluorescence in this case is not easily understandable, but it might partly account for the carbohydrate intolerance. An impairment in gluconeogenesis dependent upon some substrate deficiency might account for the hypoglycemia in this patient.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma associated with severe hypoglycemia sensitive to diazoxide. 39 98

An acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, which developed in a F-344 rat after long-term nafenopin administration, was serially transplanted into inbred weanling rats by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. The transplantability rate was 95% or more by both routes. The tumor implants became palpable in 20 to 30 days after subcutaneous transplantation, increasing in size rapidly thereafter during the next 25 to 30 days. In intraperitoneal recipients the abdomen was markedly distended within 1 month. No metastases were observed in this series of transplantations. Amylase and lipase levels in serum and tumor homogenates increased with tumor size. Morphologically, only a few cells contained zymogen granules immediately after the appearance of a palpable tumor; at later intervals, however, these granules were observed in many tumor cells. Seventy-two hours after the surgical removal of tumors, the serum amylase and lipase levels returned to control values. This transplantable pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma can be dissociated into functionally viable single cells by a simplified enzyme digestion and divalent cation chelation procedure. By light microscopic autoradiography, approximately 20% of these isolated cells were found to incorporate (3)H-thymidine in vitro into nuclear DNA. The data presented in this paper should serve as a baseline for future studies on this transplanted tumor.
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PMID:Transplantable acinar cell carcinoma of the rat pancreas. 42 31

A simple and reliable radioimmunoassay has been developed for a new gut hormone, HPP. In the primate 93% of the total PP was found in the pancreas with a small amount throughout the remaining gastrointestinal tract. HPP has been shown to be produced by a number of pancreatic apudomas and their metastases. The immunoreactive PP from these tumours and from normal pancreas was chromatographically indistinguishable from the pure peptide. The plasma PP concentration rose rapidly after a meal in normal subjects and was still raised six hours later. Fasting plasma PP levels in patients with PP cell containing pancreatic endocrine tumours were higher than even the postprandial level in normal subjects. PP measurements is thus useful in diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumours.
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PMID:Distribution and release of human pancreatic polypeptide. 82 20

We have examined the microscopic appearance, immunohistochemical staining properties, and clinical behavior of 28 cases of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Two of the tumors occurred in children. The adult patients ranged in age from 40 to 81 years (mean, 62 years). Males greatly outnumbered females, and most of the patients were white. Presenting symptoms were nonspecific, and jaundice was infrequent. The frequently reported complications from increased serum lipase levels (i.e., arthralgias and subcutaneous fat necrosis) were present in only 16% of the patients. Grossly, the tumors were relatively circumscribed and fleshy, averaging 10.8 cm, with occasionally extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, the tumors were very cellular and characteristically lacked a desmoplastic stroma. Acinar, solid, trabecular, and glandular patterns of growth were identified; individual tumors were usually mixed. Nuclei were round to oval, with minimal pleomorphism and single prominent nucleoli. Mitotic activity was variable. In general the cytoplasm was moderately abundant, eosinophilic, and granular, but many of the solid tumors had cells with scanty cytoplasm. Characteristic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules were demonstrated in greater than 90% of the cases, and the butyrate esterase histochemical stain for lipase activity was positive in 73%. Immunohistochemically, there was positivity for trypsin in 100% of the cases, for lipase in 77%, for chymotrypsin in 38%, and for amylase in 31%. A minor endocrine component was recognized with antibodies against chromogranin or islet cell hormones in 42% of the tumors. Ultrastructurally, exocrine secretory features were present, with polarized cells showing microvillilined lumina, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and 125-1,000-nm zymogen-like granules. In addition, many cases showed pleomorphic electron-dense granules measuring up to 3,500 nm and containing fibrillary internal structures. Follow-up information was available in 88% of the cases. Half of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation and an additional 23% subsequently developed metastases, which were usually restricted to the regional lymph nodes and liver. The mean survival for all cases was 18 months, with 1- and 3-year survivals of 57 and 26%, respectively. Patients presenting before age 60 years survived nearly twice as long as older patients did. Stage also influenced prognosis, whereas the histologic subtype of the tumors and the location within the pancreas correlated only weakly with survival.
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PMID:Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of 28 cases. 138 74

The clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features in five cases of primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung are presented. The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 75 years (mean, 56); four were women and one a man. The lesions were discovered incidentally on routine chest x-ray and ranged from 1.2 to 4 cm in greatest diameter. Three tumors were located in the right middle lobe, one in the right upper lobe, and one in the left upper lobe. In three cases, the lesions presented as asymptomatic subpleural nodules in proximity to secondary bronchi, one case presented as an endobronchial tumor that led to obstructive symptoms, and one case as a well-circumscribed deep parenchymal nodule. Histologically, the tumors were composed of clear cells with abundant granular cytoplasm growing as solid sheets with focal acinar, microcystic, and papillocystic areas. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong positivity of the tumor cells for low-molecular-weight cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Focal weak cytoplasmic positivity was observed in three cases with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and in one case with amylase. Stains for vimentin, S-100 protein, chromogranin, and lysozyme were negative in all cases examined. Electron microscopy performed in four cases showed abundant zymogen-type cytoplasmic granules of variable electron density characteristic of acinar-type secretory cells. All patients were treated by lobectomy alone. Follow-up of 3 to 10 years in four cases revealed that all patients were alive and well, with no evidence of recurrence or metastases. Because of their relatively indolent behavior and favorable prognosis, primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung must be distinguished from other primary and metastatic clear cell tumors of the lung.
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PMID:Acinic cell carcinoma of the lung ("Fechner tumor"). A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of five cases. 147 24

The mouse pancreatic amylase Amy-2.2 gene was fused to the structural gene for SV40 T antigen, and 51 independent transgenic founder mice carrying the fusion gene were generated. The majority of the founders and 100% of their offspring in the derived transgenic lines developed pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas and stomach carcinomas. Transgenic animals also had a high incidence of metastatic carcinomas in other tissues. The development of stomach carcinomas was unexpected because the Amy-2.2 promoter was not previously known to be expressed in stomach. Northern blot analyses and ribonuclease protection assays showed that Amy-2.2 is expressed in stomach, at approximately 0.05% of the level in pancreas. Expression of the fusion gene in stomach, therefore, appears to represent a previously unrecognized activity of the Amy-2.2 promoter. Examination of young transgenic mice demonstrated that preneoplastic lesions were present in pancreas and stomach before the development of neoplastic lesions in either tissue, consistent with the notion that stomach neoplasms are primary neoplasms and not metastases from the pancreas. Ribonuclease protection assays demonstrated that properly initiated large T and small t antigen transcripts were present in pancreas and stomach during tumorigenesis. T antigen protein was also detected in pancreas and stomach by immunohistochemistry. A time course for tumorigenesis was established for several transgenic mouse lines in which distinct types of lesions appeared at predictable times. This study provides the basis for future analysis of the role of SV40 T antigen in the progression and maintenance of pancreatic and stomach carcinomas.
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PMID:Transgenic mice carrying a murine amylase 2.2/SV40 T antigen fusion gene develop pancreatic acinar cell and stomach carcinomas. 170 90

In an attempt to characterize the immunocytochemical attributes of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, we studied 32 examples of this tumor with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, alpha-lactalbumin, salivary amylase, blood group isoantigens, beta-2-microglobulin, and Leu M1. All cases expressed EMA and CK, and 28 of 32 cases also displayed at least 2 of the 6 remaining antigens. No significant variations were noted in the immunophenotypes of histologic subtypes of eccrine carcinoma. These results provide an objective means of diagnostic separation between sweat gland carcinoma and other primary malignant cutaneous tumors. However, they do not appear to correlate with the degree of tumoral differentiation, and are of no assistance in the separation of benign and malignant sudoriferous neoplasms. The ability of immunocytochemical techniques to distinguish between primary malignant adnexal cutaneous tumors and metastases to the skin appears unlikely, but remains to be studied further. Also, the use of immunostaining panels is advised in the study of adnexal carcinomas, since no single determinant in isolation is specific for these neoplasms.
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PMID:Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: an histologic and immunohistochemical study of 32 cases. 243 58

Urinary excretion of alpha-glucosidase (AGL), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and ribonuclease (RNase), and serum amylase and immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) were determined in 38 control subjects, 48 patients with pancreatic cancer, 77 with chronic pancreatitis and 47 with extrapancreatic diseases in order to ascertain the presence of a renal tubular damage and to investigate its etiology. A significantly increased frequency of pathological results for all urinary enzymes was documented in the various groups of patients as compared to controls. Significant correlations were detected among AGL, GGT and RNase. Considering the subjects as a whole, GGT and RNase excretions correlated with serum IRT and amylase; the two urinary enzymes were found to be higher when jaundice was present. In chronic pancreatic disease enzymuria was related to increased serum pancreatic enzymes; in extrapancreatic diseases it was associated to hyperbilirubinemia. The vast majority of patients with pancreatic cancer and elevated urinary enzymes presented hepatic metastases and/or jaundice. We can conclude that an anatomical and functional tubular impairment is detectable in some patients with chronic pancreatic and extrapancreatic diseases. Tubular damage seems to least in part to be related to pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in chronic pancreatic disease, while jaundice may be found to play an important role in diseases of the hepatobiliary tract. In pancreatic cancer, liver dysfunction (presence of liver metastases and/or extrahepatic cholestasis) also appears to be involved in altering tubular cells.
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PMID:Renal tubular dysfunction in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. 256 74

Mice transgenic for a hybrid gene containing the liver promoter of the mouse amylase gene (Amy-1a) fused to the SV40 tumor antigen coding region unexpected developed malignant brown adipose tissue tumors (malignant hibernomas). Expression of the alpha-amylase gene had previously been thought to be confined to the liver parotid, and pancreas; however, analysis of white and brown adipose tissue from nontransgenic mice revealed expression of the endogenous Amy-1a gene in these tissues. Gene constructs driven by the Amy-1a liver promoter thus provide a means of targeting gene expression to the adipocyte cell lineage in transgenic mice. Moreover the high frequency of metastases in the liver, lungs, spleen, heart, and adrenals of these mice provides an experimental system in which to study the development of disseminated malignancy.
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PMID:Metastatic hibernomas in transgenic mice expressing an alpha-amylase-SV40 T antigen hybrid gene. 278 14


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