Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between the expression of a transformation-related cellular-encoded phosphoprotein, p53, and the potential to form distant metastases was investigated in Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed murine large cell lymphoma sublines of differing metastatic behaviors. Low metastasis RAW117-P and high metastasis RAW117-H10 cells were labeled with 35S-methionine, and several anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies were used to immunoprecipitate p53 from the cell lysates. Using these procedures, similar amounts of p53 were detected in the RAW117-P and -H10 cells. In addition, the expression of 2.0 Kb mRNA containing p53-specific sequences was equivalent in RAW117-P and -H10 cells. The results indicate that p53 expression, although apparently required for neoplastic transformation, is not quantitatively related to metastatic behavior in RAW117 large cell lymphoma cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:The expression of transformation-related protein p53 and p53-containing mRNA in murine RAW117 large cell lymphoma cells of differing metastatic potential. 639 97

Adamantinoma of long bones is a rare malignant tumor composed of cells with epithelial characteristics in various differentiation patterns surrounded by fibrous cells. Evidence as to whether this neoplasm should be designated as an epithelial bone tumor or a biphasic sarcoma with both epithelial and mesenchymal features is lacking. In this study the nature of the mesenchymal and epithelial components of adamantinoma was investigated by DNA flow cytometry, DNA image cytometry, p53 immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction-based loss of heterozygosity detection at the p53 locus. Specimens from 6 of 15 patients (40%) analyzed by flow cytometry had an aneuploid DNA index. Image cytometry analysis of Feulgen-stained paraffin sections of 6 aneuploid and 2 diploid tumors revealed that aneuploid nuclei were detected in cells with an epithelial phenotype only, whereas all fibrous cells were diploid. Immunohistochemistry for p53 on specimens from 25 patients revealed moderate or strong immunoreactivity in 12 tumors (48%) restricted to the epithelial cells. Loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus could be confirmed in the epithelial component of an immunohistochemically p53-positive tumor. Additionally, sections of 7 lung metastases were studied histologically. Only keratin-positive epithelial cells, predominantly in the spindle cell pattern, were present in these metastases, whereas the osteofibrous tissue present in the primary tumors was not detected. These results suggest that either adamantinoma consists of a malignant epithelial part with a reactive osteofibrous stroma or that the malignant epithelial cells develop next to a proliferating benign fibrous component. Additional analysis of common genetic abnormalities in the fibrous and epithelial cells of adamantinoma is therefore indicated.
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PMID:DNA aberrations in the epithelial cell component of adamantinoma of long bones. 749 1

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cutaneous neoplasm, with a generally favorable clinical behavior. Sometimes, indeed, it recurs after therapy and/or metastasizes. As point mutations in the coding sequence of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been implicated in the progression of many human tumors, we studied the expression of p53 protein on this neoplasia. We tested immunohistochemically the positivity for p53 protein (NCL-p53-CM1, YLEM) on 19 cases of morphologically "non aggressive" BCC (BCC1) and on 19 "aggressive" BCC (BCC2), all with one or more relapses and 3 with distant metastases also. Results were related to clinico-pathological and follow-up data. All but one BCC2 were found positive for p53 protein. Conversely, only 2 cases of BCC1 exhibited low immunoreactivity for p53 protein, with high statistical differences between the two groups. No correlation was found between the immunoreactivity, age of patients, and site of the lesions. The availability of immunohistochemistry and the relatively easy interpretation of the results make screening for p53 protein a possibly useful tool in the prognostic evaluation of BCC.
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PMID:p53 protein in aggressive and non-aggressive basal cell carcinoma. 750 46

Overexpression of p53 and erbB-2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed tissue samples of 179 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. p53 immunostaining was strongly correlated with tumour stage (P < 0.0001). This was driven by a marked difference in p53 expression between pTa (37% positive) and pT1 (71%) tumours, while there was no difference between pT1 and pT2-4 tumours. Similarly, a strong overall association between p53 expression and grade (P < 0.0001) was driven by a marked difference between grade 1 (28%) and grade 2 tumours (71%), and there was no significant difference between grade 2 and grade 3 tumours. Surprisingly, the frequency of erbB-2 overexpression was higher in pT1 tumours (74%) than in either pTa (49%; P = 0.0265) or pT2-T4 (56%; P = 0.0645) tumours. Both p53 and erbB-2 expression was also associated with metastasis. Metastases were found in 77% of patients with p53 positive primary tumours, but in only 50% of the patients with p53 negative primary tumours (P = 0.022). Metastases were found in 66% of patients with erbB-2 positive primaries, but in only 37% of the erbB-2 negative primaries (P = 0.020). Of 32 patients with positivity for both p53 and erbB-2, 84% developed metastases, as compared to 49% of patients with positivity for either one or neither positive (P = 0.002). We conclude that both p53 and erbB-2 overexpression are associated with early invasion in bladder cancer. Furthermore, p53 and erbB-2 may be important predictors for metastasis.
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PMID:p53 and erbB-2 protein overexpression are associated with early invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer. 750 41

DNA and paraffin material of more than 100 tumors of prostate, bladder and female genital organs were analyzed for p53 aberrations and compared with normal tissues by immunohistochemistry, PCR of p53 exons 5-8 and TGGE. While normal tissues, precancerous and borderline lesions, and well differentiated carcinomas usually showed wild type p53 and negative immunostaining, high grade and/or high stage carcinomas often revealed mutant p53 (rate of mutation in exon 8 >> 7 >> 6 >> 5) and/or p53 accumulation. Accumulation of p53 protein in the absence of detectable mutant p53 was recognized more often in prostate cancer than in any other tumor examined. Although p53 aberration probably represents a late molecular event in cancerogenesis, its detection may be of clinical interest as genetic footprint in recurrent and metastatic disease.
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PMID:[p53 in urogenital tumors:analysis of expression and mutation]. 751 Dec 67

Tissue specimens from 150 patients with localised prostatic carcinomas and 116 patients with prostatic carcinomas with distant metastases were analysed for histological grade (WHO and Gleason) and immunoreactivity for prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), neurone-specific enolase (NSE), p53 protein, c-erbB-2 protein, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) and vimentin. After stratification for the presence or absence of distant metastases, multivariate regression analysis revealed that WHO grading was the most powerful independent prognosticator, followed by age and prostate acid phosphatase expression. There was a trend towards reduced survival with decreasing prostate-specific antigen reactivity. The Gleason system showed poor prognostic ability. The analysis predicted reduced survival in the presence of extensive neurone-specific enolase reactivity, mostly because of one case of small-cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. 751 29

To investigate genetic features of esophageal cancer, we have examined 93 squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), using 41 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers representing all autosomal chromosomes. Allelic losses at frequencies of at least 30% were observed at loci on chromosomal arms 3p (35%), 3q (30%), 5q (36%), 9p (57%), 9q (60%), 10p (33%), 13q (43%), 17p (62%), 17q (46%), 18q (38%), 19q (32%), and 21q (37%). These results suggest that several putative tumor suppressor genes, in addition to the cyclin D and TP53 genes that are sometimes mutated in esophageal carcinomas, may be associated with development and/or progression of esophageal cancer. By a comparison of LOH on each chromosomal arm with clinicopathological parameters, we have found a significant correlation between LOH on 19q and regional lymph node metastases. Interestingly, the frequency of LOH on 17q was significantly higher in tumors in female patients (12 of 14 cases) than in those in male patients (20 of 56 cases) (P = 0.0009 by Fisher's exact test). Furthermore, we examined for mutations of the APC gene on chromosome arm 5q. Screening of nearly one third of the APC coding region, including the MCR (mutation cluster region), revealed no alterations. Therefore, although allelic loss at the APC locus is frequent in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, it is likely that a gene on 5q other than APC is involved in esophageal tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Allelotype study of esophageal carcinoma. 752 40

A more accurate method of detecting nodal disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is needed so that treatment of the neck with its associated morbidity can safely be reserved for patients who actually have metastatic disease. Tumor angiogenesis and the expression of the p53 antigen--which have each been shown to be predictive of metastasis in breast and colon cancer, respectively--are examined for their ability to predict neck metastasis in tongue cancer. Fifty-seven patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue, whose neck disease was examined by dissection or by 2-year follow-up, were studied. Twenty-eight patients (49%) were node positive and 29 patients (51%) were node negative. The primary tumors were immunohistochemically stained for the p53 antigen and for factor VIII, which allowed the blood vessels within the tumor to be quantitated. The mean vessel counts per x200 high-power field were 59.8 and 61.5 for node-positive and node-negative patients, respectively (p = 0.8). Node-positive patients showed overexpression of p53 43% of the time, vs. 61% for node-negative patients (p = 0.17). Multivariate analysis confirmed that no difference in tumor angiogenesis or the expression of the p53 antigen was found between tumors that had metastasized and those that had not. Therefore neither tumor angiogenesis nor the p53 tumor marker is clinically useful in determining lymph node metastasis in these patients.
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PMID:Tumor angiogenesis, the p53 antigen, and cervical metastasis in squamous carcinoma of the tongue. 752 5

Breast tumors are thought to originate, grow, and metastasize in an environment which includes steroid hormone receptors, their cognate steroid ligands, and many gene products which are regulated by steroid hormone receptor-ligand complexes. In this paper we describe highly sensitive and quantitative immunofluorometric procedures for measuring three proteins that are candidate prognostic indicators in breast cancer, namely, the p53 tumor suppressor gene product, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). These proteins were quantified in over 950 cytosolic tumor extracts along with estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR). Association analysis between all five biochemical parameters revealed strong negative associations between p53 and receptors and strong positive associations between CEA and receptors. Negative associations between p53 and CEA and between CEA and PSA were also found. These associations, not quantitatively studied in previous reports, are related to each other using a hypothetical model. The observed associations may further contribute to the understanding of the biology of breast tumors.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of mutant p53 protein in breast tumor cytosols and study of its association with other biochemical prognostic indicators in breast cancer. 752 72

Specimens from 48 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma and having synchronous or metachronous liver metastases (Group 1) and those from 52 consecutive patients who had no evidence of hepatic metastases within at least 5 year after colorectal resection (Group 2) were selected and compared using a multiple logistic regression analysis. A multivariate analysis using a stepwise logistic regression revealed six independent risk factors significantly related to hepatic metastases. In addition, the following logistic regression model was obtained from this analysis. P = exp a/(1 + exp a): a = 3.524(SM-V) + 2.731(Ex-V) + 2.718(E/M) + 2.562(Lo) + 1.858(p53) + 1.941(HIR) - 4.397, where P is the probability of hepatic metastasis given six independent risk factors (E/M, Ex/M ratio; Lo, location; HIR, host inflammatory cell reaction). When the estimated probability "P" in the above logistic regression model is more than 0.55 after an examination of surgical specimens, we must consider adjuvant chemotherapy and closely monitor the patient to ensure early detection of hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Risk factors related to liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical variables. 753 82


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