Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of ERBB-2 (HER-2/NEU) oncogene amplification was studied in 203 DNA samples obtained from 175 cancer patients. Amplification of ERBB-2 oncogene was established in 14 out of 63 (22%) patients with breast cancer, 1 out of 23 cases of ovarian tumor, 1 out of 19 cases of large bowel cancer and 1 out of 27 patients with cancer of the thyroid. Patients with lung cancer (34), soft tissue sarcoma (6) and malignant melanoma (3) failed to reveal any changes in the above oncogene. A tendency was established for ERBB-2 oncogene amplification to be associated with lymph node involvement in female patients with breast cancer: amplification was observed in 9 out of 28 patients presenting with lymph node metastases and only in 5 out of 29 metastases-free cases. To summarize, ERBB-2 oncogene is fairly often activated in human tumors but a high occurrence of the gene amplification was observed in female patients with breast cancer only.
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PMID:[The search for amplification of the ERBB-2 oncogene in human tumors]. 130 Jul 65

Among the various factors reported as having significant prognostic value in primary breast cancers, the author discusses the value of well established "classical" prognostic factors used routinely and "new" prognostic factors developed over recent years as a result of progress in cell and molecular biology. The presence of axillary lymph node metastases remains the most important prognostic factor of recurrence, justifying post-surgical adjuvant therapy. However, in patients with negative axillary nodes (N-), the size of the tumour, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR and MSBR) histological grade, certain particular histological types (carcinoma in situ and tubular, colloid or pure papillary cancer) and hormone receptors (ER and PR) appear to be well established prognostic factors allowing the identification, within this group of N- patients who generally have a good prognosis, those patients with a low risk of recurrence and therefore not requiring adjuvant therapy. In contrast, the proliferative activity (ploidy and S phase, Thymidine Labeling Index, antibody Ki67), cathepsin D, thymidine kinase, EGF receptors, several genes including oncogene HER-2/neu, are recently developed prognostic factors whose significance needs to be confirmed by further studies.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in breast cancer]. 134 Jan 64

Using sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 64 colorectal cancer patients, the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was studied immunohistochemically. Twenty-seven percent of the cases with liver metastasis showed positive staining. On the other hand, only 3% of cases without liver metastasis were positive. Expression rates of c-erbB-2 protein in liver metastasis cases showed no significant difference between primary operation (26%) and recurrence (27%). Of all c-erbB-2 positive patients, 90% (9/10) had liver metastasis. Secondly, vessel invasions of 45 rectal cancer patients were studied using Victoria Blue (VB) elastic staining and endothelial staining by factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) lectin. VB-HE double stain was efficacious to detect vascular invasion, but endothelial staining was not. There were statistically more vascular invasions in 30 patients with liver or lymph node metastases than in those without metastasis. And in cases with metastasis, many vascular invasions into the extra-muscular layer were seen. Both vascular invasions and c-erbB-2 protein were valuable indicators of possible liver metastasis.
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PMID:[Expression of c-erbB-2 protein and vessel invasion in colorectal cancer]. 134 87

The expression of the protooncogene encoded proteins (c-erbB1, c-erb B2, c-myc, c-fos) and the suppressor gene product p53 was analyzed in 81 human squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and correlated with clinical parameters of the patients (patient survival, presence of metastases and tumor stage) and with biological characteristics of the tumors (tumor growth in nude mice, DNA-ploidy, proliferative activity, drug-resistance and P-glycoprotein or gluathione S-transferase expression). By means of immunohistochemistry, expression of c-erbB1 oncoprotein (EGF-receptor) was detected in 79% of the tumors, c-erbB2 (c-neu) proteins in 35%, c-myc proteins in 48%, c-fos proteins in 41%, and p53 in 43% of the tumors. Patients with c-erbB1 positive tumors had a poor prognosis (p = 0.021). In addition, these tumors were more frequently drug resistant (p = 0.0067). A significant correlation between the growth of the squamous lung carcinomas in nude mice and c-fos oncoprotein expression was demonstrated (p = 0.017). Therefore, EGF-receptor and c-fos products may serve as prognostic factors for the aggressiveness of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and for the response of these tumors to chemotherapy. No significant correlation was found between the expression of the c-erbB1 or c-fos gene products and stage, metastasis and DNA-ploidy. In contrast to these results, no relationship was found between c-neu or c-myc gene products expression and any of the clinical or biological parameters examined. Aneuploid squamous cell carcinomas of the lung expressed p53 more frequently than diploid tumors (p = 0.027). However, there was no significant difference between p53 expression and stage, survival of patients, metastasis, growth of the tumors in nude mice, proliferative activity and drug-resistance of the tumors.
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PMID:Oncoprotein (c-myc, c-erbB1, c-erbB2, c-fos) and suppressor gene product (p53) expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Clinical and biological correlations. 134 20

The etiology of human breast cancer is poorly understood and no specific marker of transformation has been identified. Amplification of HER-2/neu, as reported in a comprehensive study by Slamon et al, was found to be the most powerful predictor of disease-free and overall survival after the status of the axillary lymph nodes. Our study examines the HER-2/neu oncogene in 61 primary human breast cancers at both the DNA level (by Southern blotting) and the protein level (by immunohistochemical methods). Of the 61 tumors analyzed in our study, 17 (28%) had amplification of HER-2/neu. There was no significant correlation of HER-2/neu amplification with age, tumor diameter or hormone receptor status; however, amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu was significantly correlated with the status of the axillary lymph nodes (P = 0.02). Of 16 patients with amplification of HER-2/neu, 14 (88%) had positive regional nodes. One of the two node negative cases with amplified HER-2/neu had bone marrow micrometastasis. Overall, 16 out of 17 (94%) tumors of the patients having amplified HER-2/neu had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. In summary, HER-2/neu amplification is associated with early tumor dissemination in primary human breast cancer and may be a marker of poor prognosis.
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PMID:HER-2/neu amplification and overexpression in primary human breast cancer is associated with early metastasis. 134 94

The relationship was assessed between c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and other prognostic factors in breast cancer, such as axillary and internal mammary node metastases. The value of these indicators was analyzed in estimating prognosis, especially in patients with axillary node-positive breast cancer. These results showed that c-erbB-2 is significantly related to clinical stage and axillary node metastases. A univariate study revealed that disease-free and overall survival were correlated significantly with clinical stage, tumor size, axillary and internal mammary node metastases, and 21N status. Among the patients with axillary node involvement, however, 21N status did not appear to be a significant additional prognostic factor. Internal mammary node metastases were significant. In a multivariate study, only axillary and internal mammary node metastases were significant prognostic factors for either the entire group of patients or those with positive axillary nodes. Therefore, axillary node dissection and biopsy of the internal mammary nodes may provide important prognostic information for patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression versus internal mammary lymph node metastases as additional prognostic factors in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. 135 May 4

The expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product was investigated immunohistochemically in 474 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human breast tissue samples. The series included 32 benign and 26 hyperplastic lesions, 32 carcinomas in situ and 384 invasive breast carcinomas, 107 of which were less than 1 cm in diameter. Cytometric DNA assessments were performed on histopathologically or cytodiagnostically identified cell nuclei, using image analysis. C-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was not seen in normal parenchyma or in benign and hyperplastic lesions. Mammary carcinomas in situ were more frequently immunoreactive (59%) than invasive neoplasms (23%). Invasive tumours more than 1 cm in diameter immunoreacted more often (26%) than small invasive carcinomas (16%). C-erbB-2 expression in regional lymph node metastases was the same as in the corresponding primary tumours. Significant differences were observed between the c-erbB-2 expression in DNA diploid and aneuploid lesions; for carcinomas in situ the figures were 40% and 72%, respectively. Invasive carcinomas of DNA diploid type rarely showed c-erb-B-2 expression, irrespective of tumour size and nodal status (7-11%). DNA aneuploid tumours were more frequently immunoreactive with increasing levels during progression (32-41%). Our data indicate that genetically stable invasive mammary tumours seem rarely to express the c-erbB-2 protein, even during progression, whereas genetically unstable invasive neoplasms frequently show c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity which increases during tumour progression.
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PMID:Expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product and nuclear DNA content in benign and malignant human breast parenchyma. 135 Jun 95

The prognostic value of c-erbB-2 protein expression was assessed retrospectively in 87 "curative" gastrectomy specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma. Tumours were stained immunohistochemically with the specific antibody 21N. Eight (9%) cases had strong membrane staining, all of which were of the intestinal type, and lymph node metastases, which showed concordance of staining in seven cases. In contrast to studies in breast cancer, positive cases showed a trend towards better five year survival, but this did not reach significance.
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PMID:c-erbB-2 oncogene product expression and prognosis in gastric carcinoma. 135 Jul 89

c-erbB-2 protein expression was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen thyroid tissue specimens from 42 patients using a polyclonal sheep antibody. c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 12 out of 17 papillary carcinomas, while no c-erbB-2 protein immunostaining was seen in cases of follicular adenoma (five cases), follicular carcinoma (five cases) or medullary carcinoma (one case), nor in cases of non-neoplastic tissue, including normal thyroid tissue from tumour-bearing glands. RNA was extracted from 51 thyroid tissue samples from 34 of the above patients, and c-erbB-2 mRNA was analysed by slot-blot hybridisation. c-erbB-2 mRNA was detectable in all samples, but papillary carcinomas and lymph node metastases showed significantly higher levels of c-erbB-2 mRNA compared to non-neoplastic tissue. The present demonstration of positive c-erbB-2 immunostaining in papillary thyroid carcinomas is contradictory to previous findings on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, and emphasises the importance of tissue quality for c-erbB-2 protein detection.
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PMID:Expression of c-erbB-2 protein in papillary thyroid carcinomas. 135 25

Amplification or increased expression of the c-erbB-2 gene has previously been reported to be a prognostic marker for breast cancer. Gene amplification is usually measured by Southern blotting, whereas increased protein expression is usually detected by immunocytochemistry. We measured c-erbB-2 protein with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High concentrations of oncoprotein were found in 25 of 161 (16%) primary breast cancers and in 3 of 6 (50%) breast cancer metastases. High concentrations were not found in normal breast tissue or benign breast tumors. In the primary cancers, high concentrations of c-erbB-2 protein were found more frequently (a) in estrogen receptor-negative tumors than in estrogen receptor-positive tumors, (b) in progesterone receptor-negative tumors than in progesterone-positive tumors, and (c) in axillary node-positive cancers than in node-negative cancers. Patients with tumors containing high amounts of the c-erbB-2 protein had a significantly shorter (P less than 0.001) disease-free interval and overall survival rate than did patients with low amounts. We conclude that assay of c-erbB-2 protein by ELISA is simple, rapid, and quantitative and offers important prognostic information in breast cancer.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in breast cancer. 135 9


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