Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By means of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method with peanut lectin (PNA, Arachis hypogaea), the role of T-antigen in the human ovarian tumor was investigated and the following results were obtained. 1) Among benign tumors, 76.9% cases were T-antigen negative and cryptic T-antigen positive. 2) Among malignant ovarian tumors, 55.2% cases were T-antigen positive and 20.7% cases were negative for both T-antigen and cryptic T-antigen. 3) In malignant ovarian tumors, the lower the tissue differentiation degree, the greater the increase in the ratios of the T-antigen positive and negative and the cryptic T-antigen negative cases. 4) Among the malignant cases with metastases, 81.8% were T-antigen positive. In view of the above results, it was considered that the cases of tissue T-antigen negative and cryptic T-antigen positive were mostly benign while the T-antigen positive or both the T-antigen and cryptic T-antigen negative cases were liable to be malignant. T-antigen in ovarian tumor may be valuable as an index of malignancy.
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PMID:[A study of the T-antigen in ovarian tumor]. 215 44

Membrane lipid bilayer fluidity has a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of biologically active molecules which activate cellular functions, cell differentiation and proliferation. No general trend is discernible in tumors regarding the direction of alteration in membrane fluidity. In hepatomas, the membrane fluidity decreases, whereas in neural tumors, lymphomas and leukemias, the membrane fluidity seems increased. The capability of cancer cells to metastasize seems to be related to the degree of membrane lipid fluidity. The possibility that cancer cell plasma membrane contains cryptic antidromic antigens becoming exposed by altering the fluidity, has triggered a potentially new approach in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Further exploration into the mechanisms by which biologically active substances alter the membrane fluidity, may provide clues for understanding the mechanism of tumor growth and cancer metastases.
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PMID:Physiological aspects of membrane lipid fluidity in malignancy. 332 33

Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of primary tumors and lymph node metastases of 80 breast cancer patients were tested for the expression of Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigens with the aid of a monoclonal IgM antibody (49H8) highly specific for phenyl-beta-galactoside. TF antigens were not expressed in 16 different normal tissues with the exception of some structures in the kidney. In tumor cells, two types of antigen expression were found; namely, cryptic and exposed. From stage T1/No to stages T2-4/N1,2 the number of cases expressing high amounts of TF antigens increased from 9% (2/22) to 22% (4/18) while the percentage of patients with low intensity of antibody binding was reduced from 59% (13/22) to 39% (7/18). The total amount of TF-positive primary tumors at stages T2-4/No increased from 42% (8/19) to 69% (18/26) when lymph nodes were infiltrated (T2-4/N1,2). At this stage 80% (21/26) of the patients with lymph node infiltration carried TF antigens in the nodes. The distribution of antigens was heterogeneous among the tumor cells and was expressed mainly in an apical or luminal position. The increased expression of antigens was attributed to exposed TF antigens, while cryptic antigens remained constant. When primary tumors expressed exposed TF antigens, the corresponding lymph nodes also contained exposed antigen. The same was true for the cryptic antigen. The data demonstrate an increase in the intensity of TF antigen expression during tumor progression and a spread of TF-positive tumor cells into the axillary lymph nodes with an increasing number of breast cancer patients being TF-positive at this stage.
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PMID:Increased expression of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigens during tumor progression in breast cancer patients. 342 Mar 74

Organ-specific lung and liver metastatic variants of the murine TA3/Ha mammary adenocarcinoma cell line were selected by sequential in vivo growth with intervening in vitro cell culture. These variants readily formed specific lung or liver metastatic lesions upon i.v. injection into A/J mice. TA3/Ha cells produce a large cell surface glycoprotein called epiglycanin, which contains a high proportion of Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigenic structures. The presence of non-cryptic TF has been associated with malignancy in humans and animals. We used peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA), which has a preferential affinity for TF antigenic structures, to determine whether these selected metastatic variants retained the TF antigen expression. In vitro, the TA3/Ha metastatic variant lines exhibited strong PNA binding similar to that seen with human RBC after neuraminidase treatment to expose the cryptic TF antigen. In contrast, the non-epiglycanin-producing TA3/St subline did not bind PNA appreciably. Autoradiography of liver sections with TA3/Ha metastatic lesions after 125I-PNA i.v. indicated an avid uptake throughout the viable tumor mass and FITC-PNA staining of these tissue sections readily identified the metastatic tumors under fluorescence microscopy. Tissue biodistribution studies revealed that lung or liver containing the TA3/Ha metastatic variant nodules retained about 7 to 8 times as much of an i.v. dose of radioiodinated PNA as did controls, allowing for clear delineation of tumor-infiltrated lung or liver by gamma scintigraphy. These in vitro and in vivo tests confirm that the selected organ-specific TA3/Ha variants retained the binding characteristics of the parent TA3/Ha line. These observations illustrate the potential utility of radiolabelled PNA for the detection of TF-antigen-expressing tumors and metastases. This murine system with organ-specific TA3/Ha metastatic variants also provides a model for evaluation of various other macromolecular probes for tumor radioimmunodetection of metastatic lesions.
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PMID:Radioimmunodetection of murine mammary adenocarcinoma (TA3/Ha) lung and liver metastases with radioiodinated PNA. 396 49

Incorporation of cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHS) into the membrane of tumor cell rigidifies the lipid layer, exposes cryptic antigens, and enhances immunogenicity. The local growth and metastatic spread of the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma were studied in conjunction with immunizations by CHS-enriched 3LL cells. C57BL/6J mice received 2 consecutive immunizations with 10(7) CHS-treated, irradiated (10,000 rad) 3LL cells. Two control groups were immunized with MCA-102 sarcoma cells or CHS-enriched syngeneic spleen cells. All groups were challenged with viable 3LL cells after immunizations. Mice pre-immunized with CHS-enriched 3LL cells showed a delayed tumor growth after subsequent challenge with 3LL. Effect of immunization on the growth of established tumors was examined in 3LL-bearing mice which were treated with 10(7) CHS-enriched tumor cells on days 1-12 after initial tumor implantation. A second identical immunotherapy was given 6 days after the first immunization. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice which received the first immunization 1 day after tumor implantation, while immunization on day 3 or after inhibited the growth rate to a lesser extent. Suppression of pulmonary metastases was assessed after excision of a primary 3LL tumor growing in the foot pad which had reached 8 mm in diameter. Immunization consisted of intraperitoneal injection of 10(7) irradiated CHS-enriched tumor cells following excision and repeated after 6 days. This immunization resulted in a significant decrease in pulmonary metastasis as scored by direct counts of metastatic nodules, by [125I]iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) incorporation, and by lung weight. Metastatic 3LL cells from nodules which survived immune elimination were isolated and implanted into mice which were pre-immunized with primary 3LL cells enriched with CHS. For comparison, a group of mice was immunized and challenged with primary 3LL cells. Inhibition of tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis formation was observed only in the mice which were challenged with the primary tumor.
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PMID:Inhibition of growth and metastases in mice by immunization with cholesterol hemisuccinate-enriched tumor cells. 650 34

We describe a 47-year-old man with shoulder pain, multiple bony lesions, and a 1-cm lesion in the spleen. T-1 facetectomy revealed a poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm. Several months after chemotherapy, multiple splenic lesions were found by computed tomography and liver-spleen scan. A splenectomy showed a malignant spindle-cell neoplasm forming irregular vascular spaces. Tumor cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen and vimentin. This patient died of extensive metastases from this primary angiosarcoma of the spleen. Splenic angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that often has a cryptic presentation and a dismal prognosis.
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PMID:Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen: a case report and review of the literature. 763 Dec 20

With a unique mouse mammary tumor model system in which mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) insertional mutations can be detected during progression from preneoplasia to frank malignancy, including metastasis, we have discovered a new common integration site (designated Int-6) for MMTV in mouse mammary tumors. MMTV was integrated into Int-6 in a mammary hyperplastic outgrowth line, its tumors and metastases, and two independent mammary tumors arising in unrelated mice. The Int-6 gene is ubiquitously expressed as a 1.4-kb RNA species in adult tissues and is detected beginning at day 8 of embryonic development. The nucleotide sequence of Int-6 is unrelated to any of the known genes in the GenBank database. MMTV integrates within introns of the gene in the opposite transcriptional orientation. In each tumor tested, this results in the expression of a truncated Int-6/long terminal repeat (LTR) chimeric RNA species which is terminated at a cryptic termination signal in the MMTV LTR. Since the nonrearranged Int-6 alleles in these tumors contain no mutations, we favor the conclusion that truncation of the Int-6 gene product either biologically activates its function or represents a dominant-negative mutation.
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PMID:Int-6, a highly conserved, widely expressed gene, is mutated by mouse mammary tumor virus in mammary preneoplasia. 785 37

The analysis of fine-needle aspirates and effusions has proved to be a valuable tool for the cytological identification of metastatic melanoma. Nevertheless, while malignant pigmented cells can be easily detected on cytological specimens, their identification may be very difficult in patients bearing amelanotic lesions. In the present study we have evaluated whether this limitation can be overcome using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) HMB45 and Ep1-3, which are highly specific for the melanocyte lineage. These reagents were assayed in immunocytochemical tests performed on cytological material obtained from 50 patients with a past history of melanoma and 463 bearing metastases from a cryptic primary tumour. These mAbs, employed in combination with a panel of monoclonal reagents with well-defined tumour specificity, may improve the accuracy of the conventional cytopathological diagnosis of melanoma metastases in the two groups of patients.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical diagnosis of amelanotic metastatic melanoma using monoclonal antibodies HMB-45 and Ep1-3. 803 19

The distribution of segments of the short and long arms of chromosome 12 was distinguished by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 27 cytogenetically abnormal testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). A 12p-specific probe was developed by chromosomal microdissection and sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and was combined with a commercially available whole-chromosome 12 painting probe. The TGCTs included both i(12p)-positive and i(12p)-negative primary tumors and lymph node metastases from patients in clinical stage I or stage II who were not previously treated with chemotherapy. Rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome 12 and overrepresentation of 12p DNA sequences were found in all cases. In addition, cryptic rearrangements of 12p were found in 39% (7/18) of the i(12p)-positive tumors and in 78% (7/9) of the i(12p)-negative tumors. Only 7% (2/27) of all tumors had cryptic rearrangements of 12q.
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PMID:Identification of multiple chromosome 12 abnormalities in human testicular germ cell tumors by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 860 13

Laboratory tests and imaging studies are often ordered for asymptomatic patients with malignant melanomas (MMs) in an effort to detect subclinical metastatic disease. However, their sensitivity and specificity for detecting cryptic metastases are not well established. A review of the literature on laboratory tests and imaging studies for MM metastases was undertaken to address the usefulness of such investigations in asymptomatic patients with MM in AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer system of classification) stages I, II, and III. A review of the pertinent literature since 1966 was conducted through MEDLINE, Medica, and Cancerlit. Laboratory tests and imaging studies revealed occult MM metastases in only a small number of the thousands of reported patients with putative AJCC stage I, II, and III MM. However, for those diagnosed with limited metastases, surgical removal with or without immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy can lead to long-term remissions in some patients. For patients with asymptomatic AJCC stage I or II disease, chest roentgenograms (CXR) and blood lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels may be obtained at low cost and prove to be of benefit if metastases are identified. For patients with AJCC stage III disease, computed tomographic (CT) scans of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (especially when the primary cutaneous site of the melanoma is below the waist) may be considered for detecting metastatic MM. Other tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain, may be ordered based on symptoms or physical findings. In the future, technologically improved techniques and newer methods may prove cost-effective for detecting treatable asymptomatic MM metastases. Furthermore, improvement in treatments will also influence the indications for the search for occult MM metastases. At this time there is a need for an international consensus conference on laboratory tests and imaging studies for occult melanoma metastases.
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PMID:Laboratory tests and imaging studies in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. 973 82


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