Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five cases of the type of mammary carcinoma that has been designated "signet-ring cell carcinoma" are presented. This tumor is characterized by the presence of numerous cells containing intracellular mucin, without large amounts of extracellular mucin as is seen in colloid (gelatinous, mucinous) carcinoma of the breast. Although such cells may be seen in many mammary carcinomas, they are never as frequent as in the variant described. Ultrastructurally, the most characteristic finding is the presence of numerous intracellular lumina containing material which appears to represent the mucin identified with the light microscope. This finding differs from that in colloid carcinoma, in which the scantier intracellular mucin occurs in the form of intracytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicles. The five tumors in the present series were all associated with either in situ lobular carcinoma or a "sinus catarrh"-like pattern of nodal metastases, or both. On the basis of these light and electron microscopic data, the signet-ring cell carcinoma is suggested as a variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma, clinically and pathologically distinct from colloid carcinoma.
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PMID:Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the breast. The mucinous variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma? 17 13

This report documents a case of a fatal primary malignant neoplasm of the liver with metastases to the lymph nodes of the porta hepatis and the pubic bone. Profound, intractable hypoglycemia was seen during the course of the disease. No immunoassayable insulin was found in the blood during episodes of severe, symptomatic hypoglycemia. The neoplasm was composed of uniform polygonal cells with distinct cytoplasmic borders growing in broad strands with a tendency toward nesting and was morphologically similar to neoplasms of neural crest derivation. The presence of osmophilic, membrane-bound granules in the neoplastic cells was documented by ultrastructural studies. The tentative conclusion that the hypoglycemia was produced by the secretion of a substance with insulin-like activity, probably a polypeptide, by the secretory granules in the neoplastic cells is supported by clinical and laboratory data.
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PMID:Malignant apudoma of the liver with symptomatic intractable hypoglycemia. 67 61

An 8-year-old male Irish Terrior dog and a male St. Bernard dog each had a thyroid medullary carcinoma. The first dog was hypocalcemic before removal and with recurrence of the neoplasm. In both dogs the neoplasms were bilateral and microscopic metastases were seen only in the regional lymph nodes. Both neoplasms were characterized by a solid alveolar pattern separated by thin vascular stroma or a linear festoon-like arrangement with thick stroma. The neoplastic cells varied little and were polygonal or round with abundant pale eosinophilic and finely granular cytoplasm. There was little mitotic activity. Both carcinomas contained amyloid. Electron microscopically, the neoplastic cells had moderate nuclear pleomorphism, well developed Golgi complexes, and characteristic membrane-bound electron-dense secretory granules. In some sections, the secretory granule membranes were fused to the cytoplasmic membrane and the granules were in the extracellular space. In one carcinoma there were linear fibrillar structures with an average width of 7.8 nanometers similar to that of amyloid fibrils.
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PMID:Canine medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. 71 55

Melanoma cells carry membrane-bound antigens that induced both antibody production and cellular immunity. However, these antigens appear not to be tumor-specific, as the activity of human antisera can be absorbed out by fetal antigens. Nonetheless, the phenomenon of spontaneous regression, though mostly affecting only parts of a lesion, indicates that effective attack mechanisms do exist. Simultaneous tumor progression is due to heterogeneity of tumor cells, which vary widely in antigen expression. Cells that are not recognizable sneak through defense mechanisms and produce metastases.
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PMID:[Immunology of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. 99 70

The multiple actions of somatostatin are mediated by specific membrane-bound receptors present in all somatostatin target tissues, such as brain, pituitary, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. Three different types of tissues in the human gastrointestinal tract express somatostatin receptors: (1) the gastrointestinal mucosa, (2) the peripheral nervous system, and (3) the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, where the receptors are preferentially located in germinal centers. In all these cases, somatostatin binding is of high affinity and specific for bioactive somatostatin analogs. Somatostatin receptors are also expressed in pathological states, particularly in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Ninety percent of the carcinoids and a majority of islet-cell carcinomas, including their metastases, usually have a high density of somatostatin receptors. Only 10 percent of the colorectal carcinomas and none of the exocrine pancreatic carcinomas, however, contain somatostatin receptors. The somatostatin receptors in tumors are identified with in vitro binding methods or with in vivo imaging techniques; the latter allow the precise localization of the tumors and their metastases in the patients. Since somatostatin receptors in gastroenteropancreatic tumors are functional, their identification can be used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of octreotide to inhibit excessive hormone release in the patients.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease. 134 64

Cancer metastasis is a highly coordinated and dynamic multistep process in which cancer cells undergo extensive interactions with various host cells before they establish a secondary metastatic colony. Ample morphological studies have documented the close association of circulating tumor cells with host platelets. Several lines of evidence provide strong support for the concept that tumor cell-platelet interactions (i.e., TCIPA) significantly contribute to hematogenous metastasis. Clinically, cancer patients with advanced diseases are characterized by a variety of thromboembolic disorders including thrombocytosis. Pharmacologically, various anti-platelet agents/anticoagulants have demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on tumor cell-platelet interactions as well as spontaneous or experimental metastasis. Experimentally, interference with many of the intermediate steps of tumor cell-platelet interactions has resulted in diminished platelet aggregation induced by tumor cells and blocked cancer metastasis. Platelet interaction with tumor cells is a sequential process which involves two general types of mediators, i.e., membrane-bound molecules (adhesion molecules) and soluble release products. alpha IIb beta 3 integrin receptors present on both platelets as well as on tumor cells and 12(S)-HETE, a 12-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, are prototypical examples of each category. Mechanistically, platelets may contribute to metastasis by: (1) stabilizing tumor cell arrest in the vasculature, (2) stimulating tumor cell proliferation, (3) promoting tumor cells extravasation by potentiating tumor cell-induced endothelial cell retraction, and (4) enhancing tumor cell interaction with the extracellular matrix.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1992 Nov
PMID:Platelets and cancer metastasis: a causal relationship? 142 21

Mucins are large molecular weight glycoproteins characterized by carbohydrate sugars attached via 'O-glycosidic' linkages to serine or threonine. Mucins are synthesized by a variety of epithelial tissues as membrane-bound or secreted proteins, encoded by several distinct mucin genes. Numerous alterations of mucin-associated carbohydrates can be detected in neoplastic epithelial tissues and on circulating mucins in patients with adenocarcinomas. The expression of various sialyosylated-carbohydrate epitopes may correlate with poor prognosis and enhanced metastatic disease in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Mucin-associated carbohydrate and peptide antigens are currently being investigated for their role in cancer diagnosis, monitoring for progression or metastases, immunotherapy and immunosuppression.
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PMID:Carbohydrate antigens on cancer-associated mucin-like molecules. 172 30

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the lung seen in a 42-year-old female is reported. In the partial pneumonectomy specimen, there was a 3 x 2.5 cm tumor arising from the pulmonary vein at the level of the right lung hilus, with tumor thrombus formation. The transition between the tumor and venous smooth muscle layer was microscopically confirmed. At autopsy, performed 18 months after surgery, metastases were noted in the left lung and brain. No primary focus was identified in the soft tissue. The alveolus-forming clear tumor cells contained diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff-reactive granules. Immunohistochemically, granular cytoplasmic reactivities with monoclonal antibodies against pan-actin and alpha-sarcomeric actin were demonstrated, whereas other muscle markers such as desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, myoglobin, fast skeletal myosin, and the mm-isozyme of creatine kinase were negative. Ultrastructurally, crystallized structures were occasionally identified in the membrane-bound, electron lucent granules, which often filled the tumor cell cytoplasm. The muscle cell nature of the neoplasm is discussed.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the pulmonary vein. 150 8

The features of two patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb are described. Patient 1, a 9-year-old boy with marfanoid features, presented with chronic constipation and failure to thrive since infancy. Patient 2, a 12-year-old boy with marfanoid features, presented with a five-year history of persistent cervical lymphadenopathy. In patient 1, the myenteric and submucosal nerve plexuses at all levels of the small and large intestines were comprised of diffusely disorganized, hyperplastic, mature ganglion cells and nonmyelinated nerve fibers. Nerve plexus dissection with morphometric analysis showed marked thickening of the myenteric plexus with a quantitative increase in neural tissue. Patient 2 had a submucosal neuroma of the tongue. Both patients had occult medullary thyroid carcinoma, and patient 2 had cervical lymph node metastases. Both neoplasms showed positive staining for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin, bombesin, chromogranin, serotonin, and Leu 7. Electron microscopy showed membrane-bound, intermediate-sized, dense-core neurosecretory granules in tumor cells. In patient 2, calcitonin-positive amyloid was present with localization of calcitonin by immunoelectron microscopy to cytoplasmic secretory granules and to extracellular amyloid fibrils. These cases illustrate the potential for missed or delayed diagnosis in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.
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PMID:Pathological features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb in childhood. 197 36

The involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulation of cellular properties related to tumor cell invasiveness was tested in a murine methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumor cell model. A metastatic clone (IE7) derived from the T10 fibrosarcoma was found to possess 30 and 90% more cytosolic and membrane-bound PKC, respectively, compared with the IC9 metastatic clone. Intravenous injection of IE7 but not IC9 cells resulted in lung tumor formation. Long-term (3 months) treatment of IE7 cells with 500 ng/ml phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) resulted in a 4-fold reduction in total PKC activity and increase in the tumor cell metastatic ability. Short-term (2h) PDB treatment induced cytosol-to-membrane PKC translocation and decreased the IE7 cells' ability to form hematogenous metastases. Treatment of IC9 cells with PDB did not render them metastatic. To test the possible involvement of distinct PKC isoenzymes in the determination of metastatic properties, we stained the cells with appropriate anti-PKC antibodies followed by FACS analysis. IC9 and IE7 cells exhibited similar levels of fluorescent intensity when stained with either anti-PKC alpha or anti-PKC beta antibodies. The relative proportion of PKC alpha and PKC beta was not changed following short-term PDB treatment of cells, but the intensity of staining was reduced 1.5- to 2-fold following long-term PDB treatment of both cell types. The results indicate that phorbol ester-induced alterations in PKC levels and subcellular distribution affect the metastatic ability of tumor cells and suggest that tumor promoting agents that promote induction of primary tumors may also affect tumor spread by regulating hematogenous metastases formation.
Invasion Metastasis 1991
PMID:Effect of protein kinase C activating tumor promoters on metastases formation by fibrosarcoma cells. 206 Oct


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