Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A more accurate method of detecting nodal disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is needed so that treatment of the neck with its associated morbidity can safely be reserved for patients who actually have metastatic disease. Tumor angiogenesis and the expression of the p53 antigen--which have each been shown to be predictive of metastasis in breast and colon cancer, respectively--are examined for their ability to predict neck metastasis in tongue cancer. Fifty-seven patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue, whose neck disease was examined by dissection or by 2-year follow-up, were studied. Twenty-eight patients (49%) were node positive and 29 patients (51%) were node negative. The primary tumors were immunohistochemically stained for the p53 antigen and for factor VIII, which allowed the blood vessels within the tumor to be quantitated. The mean vessel counts per x200 high-power field were 59.8 and 61.5 for node-positive and node-negative patients, respectively (p = 0.8). Node-positive patients showed overexpression of p53 43% of the time, vs. 61% for node-negative patients (p = 0.17). Multivariate analysis confirmed that no difference in tumor angiogenesis or the expression of the p53 antigen was found between tumors that had metastasized and those that had not. Therefore neither tumor angiogenesis nor the p53 tumor marker is clinically useful in determining lymph node metastasis in these patients.
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PMID:Tumor angiogenesis, the p53 antigen, and cervical metastasis in squamous carcinoma of the tongue. 752 5

As recently shown, angiogenesis is the most reliable marker of breast cancer invasiveness. Unfortunately it must be assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue specimens. We have used technetium-99m sestamibi, a marker of regional blood flow in other organs that often but not always images breast cancer, to assess the invasiveness of this tumour. Nineteen patients, ten with nodal metastases and nine without any metastases, were studied with 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy before operation. Angiogenesis was quantitatively assessed by immunohistochemical staining of endothelia for factor VIII. All the node-positive (N+) patients at surgical revision showed a positive 99mTc-sestamibi scan of the primary tumour and all the N-patients were negative. Nine out of ten N+ and sestamibi-positive tumours showed more than 135 microvessels/mm2 and one showed 99 microvessels/mm2; by contrast there were 71.6 +/- 12.1 microvessels/mm2 in the nine N- and sestamibi-negative tumours. Our study suggests that 99mTc-sestamibi is a marker of breast cancer invasiveness: its uptake is related to angiogenesis and, possibly, to oxidative metabolism of the tumour.
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PMID:Technetium-99m sestamibi: an indicator of breast cancer invasiveness. 755 7

Recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that tumour-induced angiogenesis may be an important step in the evolution of malignant tumours, and may be related to prognosis. In our study we examined 42 cases of breast carcinoma (mean age: 56.76 +/- 13.5), 21 with lymph node metastases and 21 without. Angiogenesis was evaluated after immunohistochemical staining of tumour vessels, using polyclonal antibody to factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR-Ag) and counting of the three most active areas of neovascularization. In the same manner we counted the microvessels in lymph node metastases. The mean vessel count of node-negative cases (51.16 +/- 19.32) did not differ significantly from node-positive cases (45.66 +/- 17.44). In contrast patients younger than 50 years had much higher mean vessel counts (54.04 +/- 16.47) than did patients older than 70 years (38.03 +/- 16.73) producing a P value of < or = 0.05. No association was found between tumour size and mean vessel count, nor was there any significant difference between grade I (45.94 +/- 16.54), grade II (53.13 +/- 23.22) and grade III tumours (51.71 +/- 20.64). When we compared the mean vessel count of primary tumours with those of node metastases, we found much lower counts in the latter (P < or = 0.01). The differences in our results from previous studies, probably reflect the heterogeneity which exists between different tumours in their ability to induce angiogenesis. Additionally, there is some evidence in our study that angiogenesis is possibly related to patient age and probably depends on differences in the tumour stroma.
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PMID:Angiogenesis in invasive breast carcinoma: is it associated with parameters of prognostic significance? 753 17

Neovascularization of tumor tissue (tumor angiogenesis) is considered essential for tumor growth, proliferation and eventually metastasis. Microvessel density or count, a measure of tumor angiogenesis, correlates with clinical outcome in skin, breast, lung and prostate carcinomas. To determine whether an association of tumor angiogenesis and nodal metastasis exists in invasive bladder cancer, microvessel counts in 41 primary invasive stages (T2 to 4,NX,M0) bladder cancers were assessed. Microvessels were identified by immunostaining of endothelial cells for factor VIII-related antigen. Microvessels were scored in selected areas showing active neovascularization, either counting a 200 x field (0.74 mm.2) or by using a 10 x 10 square ocular grid (0.16 mm.2). The microvessel count correlated with the presence of occult lymph node metastases (p < 0.0001) by both techniques. The mean microvessel count in 27 patients without lymph node metastases was 56.2 microvessels per 200 x field (standard deviation [SD] 29.5, range 7 to 130) or 28.6 microvessels per grid (SD 14.4, range 4 to 65). The 14 patients with histologically proved lymph node metastases showed mean 138.1 microvessels per 200 x fields (SD 37.9, range 82 to 202) or 74.7 microvessels per grid (SD 14.4, range 43 to 115). Good correlation was noted between area and grid counting (r = 0.97). Tumor T stage, grade and the presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion did not correlate with the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.41, 0.59 and 0.26, respectively). Microvessel count may provide important information regarding the risk of occult metastasis in patients with invasive bladder carcinomas.
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PMID:Tumor angiogenesis correlates with lymph node metastases in invasive bladder cancer. 753 69

We describe a 47-year-old man with shoulder pain, multiple bony lesions, and a 1-cm lesion in the spleen. T-1 facetectomy revealed a poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm. Several months after chemotherapy, multiple splenic lesions were found by computed tomography and liver-spleen scan. A splenectomy showed a malignant spindle-cell neoplasm forming irregular vascular spaces. Tumor cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen and vimentin. This patient died of extensive metastases from this primary angiosarcoma of the spleen. Splenic angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that often has a cryptic presentation and a dismal prognosis.
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PMID:Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen: a case report and review of the literature. 763 Dec 20

To clarify the correlation between tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in head and neck carcinomas, we investigated the number of microvessels, using immunohistochemical factor VIII. No correlations among this number, differences in the primary lesion, histological differentiation and T classification were detected. The incidence of neck lymph node metastases increased as microvessel numbers increased in tumor sites. The number of microvessels increased as N and Stage classification progressed. The number of microvessels in CR cases after induction chemotherapy were increased. The numbers of microvessels in patients without recurrence were apparently greater than those in patients with recurrence. The results of this study suggest that the number of microvessels in a primary tumor correlates with the metastatic ability of the tumor.
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PMID:[Angiogenesis in head and neck tumor]. 768 79

Tumor growth and metastasis require angiogenesis; and microvessel density, a measure of tumor angiogenesis, correlates with metastasis in breast and lung carcinoma. To determine how microvessel density correlated with metastasis in prostate carcinoma, we counted microvessels within the initial invasive carcinomas of 74 patients (29 with metastasis, 45 without). Microvessels were highlighted by immunostaining endothelial cells for factor VIII-related antigen. Without knowledge of the patient's cancer stage, microvessels were counted in a 200 field (0.739 mm2) in the most active areas of neovascularization. The mean microvessel count in tumors from patients with metastases was 76.8 microvessels per 200 field (median, 66; standard deviation, 44.6). The counts within carcinomas from patients without metastasis were significantly lower, 39.2 (median, 36; standard deviation, 18.6) (P < 0.0001). Microvessel counts increased with increasing Gleason's score (P < 0.0001), but this increase was present predominantly in the poorly differentiated tumors. Although Gleason's score also correlated with metastasis (P = 0.01), multivariate analysis showed that Gleason's score added no additional information to that provided by microvessel count alone. Assay of microvessel density within invasive tumors may prove valuable in selecting patients for aggressive adjuvant therapies in early prostate carcinoma.
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PMID:Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastasis in invasive prostate carcinoma. 768 83

In this work we describe the process of angiogenesis in liver metastases of high- and low-metastatic 3LL mouse carcinoma lines. Fourteen days after intrasplenic inoculation of the tumor lines, two types of metastases were observed; a sinusoidal type, containing large convoluted vessels and devoid of immunohistochemically detectable basement membrane, and a portal type, located in the vicinity of portal tracts, characterized by numerous small vessels, and staining positively for basement membrane components. After intrasplenic inoculation of the high-metastatic tumor cells (portal route) only 18.2% of the metastases were portal type, whereas when the tumor cells were injected into the left ventricle (arterial route), a significantly higher percentage of the metastases (33.2%) proved to be portal type. Detailed analysis of the process of angiogenesis were performed only concerning the main, sinusoidal type metastases. After intrasplenic inoculation of tumor cells, vascularization of tumor colonies started on day 6 by the appearance of intratumoral sinusoids lined by endothelial cells. These sinusoids were directly connected with liver sinusoids. Afterward (11 to 14 days), large convoluted vessels developed within the metastases, in which tumor globules protruded. These globules were covered by factor VIII-related antigen-positive endothelial cells. The functioning vascular nature of these vessels were proven by supravital staining with Hoechst 33342 dye and by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. The first event of the angiogenesis in sinusoids and veins seemed to be the separation of the endothelial cells from their basement membrane, demonstrated by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry (laminin, fibronectin). This process elicited vigorous proliferation of the matrix-deprived endothelial cells, shown by the increased bromodeoxyuridine labeling index and by the increased number of endothelial cell nuclei per mm vessel length. Morphometric analysis of the sinusoids in the perimetastatic zone (up to 100 mu) and in the normal liver parenchyma showed neither dilatation of the vessels nor sprouting of new vessels in the former region. There was no difference in the neovascularization of the liver metastases of the high- and low-metastatic carcinoma lines. The dominant type of angiogenesis in liver metastases can be determined by the unique basement membrane architecture of the liver and by the high affinity of 3LL tumor cells to the endothelial side of basement membrane during invasion.
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PMID:Morphological aspects of angiogenesis in experimental liver metastases. 768 93

22 cases of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) were studied, 15 of them ultrastructurally and 7--immunohistochemically. CCSK is a rare malignant tumour of children, predominantly males, with an involvement of one kidney and frequent multiple metastases to the bones. Typical, epithelioid-trabecular, hyalinizing, cystic and myxoid variants are distinguished at the light microscopic level. As vimentin was found in tumour cells in all cases, antibodies against vimentin and cytokeratin can be recommended for differential diagnosis between CCSK and Wilms tumour and rhabdoid tumour. Peculiar vascular pattern can be revealed by means of antibodies against factor VIII. Immunohistochemical properties (presence of vimentin) and electron microscopy allow suggesting histogenic relation of CCSK with pericytes.
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PMID:[Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney: the clinico-morphological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of 22 cases]. 798 60

The existence of angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland and its relation to angiomatoid carcinoma have been debated. The authors reviewed eight angiomatoid thyroid neoplasms. Controls consisted of six sarcomatoid thyroid carcinomas without angiomatoid features and an angiosarcoma metastatic to the thyroid gland. All eight angiomatoid neoplasms consisted of epithelioid cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm lining vascularlike spaces. All eight expressed vimentin. Four tumors were predominantly angiosarcomalike neoplasms, based on staining for factor VIII-related antigen (three of four), CD31 (four of four), CD34 (one of four), and Ulex europaeus I lectin (four of four); they lacked epithelial markers other than cytokeratin (two of four). Four tumors were designated as angiomatoid carcinomas, based on staining for multiple epithelial markers: cytokeratin (four of four), epithelial membrane antigen (three of four), thyroglobulin (three of four). Three angiomatoid carcinomas also expressed or labeled with one or more vascular markers: CD34 (one of four), CD31 (two of four), Ulex europaeus I lectin (one of four), factor VIII-related antigen (one of four). The metastatic angiosarcoma to the thyroid gland labeled for factor VIII-related antigen, vimentin, CD31, and with Ulex europaeus I lectin. It did not express CD34. The six sarcomatoid carcinomas without angiomatoid features stained for cytokeratin (four of six), epithelial membrane antigen (one of six), and vimentin (six of six). None labeled for thyroglobulin, factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, CD34, or with Ulex europaeus I lectin. Angiomatoid carcinomas of the thyroid gland exhibit both epithelial and endothelial features. "Angiosarcoma" may represent the extreme in this spectrum of endothelial differentiation. All tumors behaved in a similar clinical fashion characterized by persistent local disease, widespread metastases and poor prognosis.
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PMID:Angiomatoid carcinoma and 'angiosarcoma' of the thyroid gland. A spectrum of endothelial differentiation. 808 56


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