Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

739 regional lymph nodes from 94 patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were studied by immunohistochemistry. These lymph nodes, contained no metastasis as assessed by conventional histopathology, were recut. A series consecutive sections from the original blocks were immunostained with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to keratins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human milk fat globulin membrane antigen (HMFG-2). Single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells, not visible on routine examination, were readily detected. The actual number of lymph nodes that contained occult tumor cells was 123 (16.6%) from 53 patients (56.4%). The majority of 102 immunostaining positive nodes were distributed in the hilar (29%) and peribronchial (25%) regions. Our data indicate that: 1. a series consecutive sections and immunohistochemistry may greatly increase the diagnostic yield of occult micrometastases in lymph nodes. 2. the high incidence of occult metastases in NSCLC may be of importance in relation to their rapid dissemination and high death rate. 3. the high frequency of occult nodal metastases in NSCLC raises questions in regard to our presently used criteria for staging, prognosis and treatment of ostensibly stage I disease. 4. perhaps resections of hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes will have an important clinical significance in prevention of wide dissemination of tumor cells.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study of occult micrometastases in regional lymph nodes of patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma]. 128 90

Using conventional examination (CE) of H&E stained slides from bone marrow aspirates, metastases can be detected in approximately 25% of patients with small cell lung cancer. We investigated a panel of monoclonal antibodies using immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of bone marrow infiltration from SCLC and compared the results with CE. Seven monoclonal antibodies raised against epithelial antigens (CAM 5.2, MOV 15, NCCST 433, PE 35, LCA1/L38, HMFG 1 AND HMFG 2) were applied on bone marrow sections from three groups of patients (pts): (1) 19 pts in whom SCLC-metastases were detected by CE, (2) 44 pts with SCLC in whom metastases could not be detected by CE, and (3) 20 pts with non-malignant bone marrow diseases. All the antibodies except LCA1/L38 were positive in 60-90% of the slides with infiltrating tumour cells in group 1. No positive tumour cells were detected in group 2. A few plasma cells and megakaryocytes were slightly positive for MOV 15 and NCCST 433, but no other positive cells were detected in group 3. In conclusion, the monoclonal antibodies used in this study may be useful for diagnostic purposes when a suspicious looking infiltration is detected by CE. However, these antibodies could not detect metastatic tumour cells in the bone marrow sections from patients in whom CE did not reveal any tumour cells.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies in the detection of bone marrow metastases in small cell lung cancer. 137 95

The presence of 'small cell lung cancer antigens' was evaluated in pretreatment biopsies of primary SCLC, liver metastases, and/or bone marrow metastases from 46 patients. The antigen expression was detected immunohistochemically by applying monoclonal antibodies to routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. The antibodies applied were second workshop codes: 3(CAM 5.2), 45 (MOV15), 54 (NCCST433), 75 (PE35), 81 (HMFG-1), 95 (LCA1/L38) and HMFG-2 123C3, F4 and MOC-21. High expression was observed for WS 3, 45, 75, 81 and HMFG-2, both in the primaries and metastases. A good correlation was observed between the presence of antigens in primary biopsies and metastases, but there was a general tendency toward a lower proportion of positive tumour cells in the metastases compared to the primaries. For WS 45, 54, 75 and 95 the difference between primaries and bone marrow was statistically significant, and this was also true for WS 45 and 81 in the liver. The clinical relevance is discussed.
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PMID:Expression of 'small cell carcinoma antigens' in primary small cell lung cancer and metastases: an immunohistochemical study. 164 71

The monoclonal antibodies HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 are directed against different epitopes on a large molecule in the human milk fat globule and are also expressed on breast tumors. Here we examine the relative intensity of staining of the two antibodies in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from malignant and benign mammary lesions. Most ductal carcinomas and their lymph node metastases stained more strongly with HMFG-2 whereas primary lobular carcinomas are more variable but the majority of their lymph node metastases stained more strongly with HMFG-1. Western blots of gel separated extracts of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissue, stained with the antibodies in an ELISA assay, show that the molecular weight of components expressing the antigenic determinants varies. Smaller molecular weight components recognised by HMFG-2 and present in metastatic tumors may be lost during tissue processing. To assess the importance of the molecular weight parameter in tumor classification and prognosis it will be necessary to use frozen tissue.
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PMID:Patterns of reaction of monoclonal antibodies HMFG-1 and -2 with benign breast tissues and breast carcinomas. 243 Nov 18

69 patients with different tumors (colorectal, melanoma, testicle, ovary, bladder, carcinoid, lungs) were investigated by radioimmunoscintigraphy. The corresponding antibodies or their F(ab')2 fragments against CEA (n = 30), melanoma antigen (n = 25), TPA (n = 6), beta-HCG (n = 5), HMFG-2 (n = 2) and CEA/CA 19-9 (n = 1) were selected on the basis of immunohistochemical investigations of the primary tumors. The precision was 62%, and the number of false-negative findings was 32%. Additional clinical information (detection or exclusion of a suspected recurrence) could be obtained in 22 patients. From these results, it can be concluded that the corresponding tumor antibodies should be selected on the basis of immunohistochemical investigations of the primary tumor before performing radioimmunoscintigraphy to screen for recurrences or metastases.
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PMID:[Scintigraphic detection of malignancies with radioactively labelled tumor antibodies. Clinical results based on immunohistochemical research]. 243 96

Twenty percent (n = 6) of Stage III or IV breast cancer patients (n = 30) had bone marrow metastases detected in bilateral bone marrow biopsy/aspiration preparations using standard histologic preparations. Each metastasis was also detected by four separate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which recognize breast carcinoma associated antigens (DF3, anti-EMA, HMFG-2, and CAM5.2). These MAbs were then utilized to stain other bone marrow preparations (n = 81) to determine their utility for the detection of micrometastatic breast carcinoma. MAbs HMFG-2, anti-EMA, and DF3 were each strongly reactive with bone marrows containing histologically-evident metastatic breast carcinoma (18/18). These anti-epithelial membrane antigen MAbs, however, were also reactive with rare plasma cells and immature cells (as well as cell clusters) in some of the control bone marrow samples tested, including those from normal patients and patients with hematologic disorders. They also reacted with some of the preparations from patients with leukemia and lymphoma, and with uninvolved marrows from patients with non-epithelial malignancies. The anti-keratin MAb CAM5.2, in contrast, reacted with 83% (15/18) breast cancer metastases and failed to stain any cells in the various categories of control marrow preparations. These data suggested that MAb CAM5.2 might be utilized to immunohistochemically differentiate micrometastatic breast carcinoma from immature myeloid or erythroid elements. Each MAb was then reacted with histologically uninvolved marrow preparations from the remaining 24 of 30 breast cancer patients in an attempt to identify occult breast carcinoma metastases. While MAbs HMFG-2, DF3, and anti-EMA demonstrated reactive cells in some of these marrows, this reactivity was similar to that seen with control preparations. MAb CAM5.2, in contrast, was negative with all specimens. These data suggest that MAb CAM5.2 may be a useful immunologic probe for the detection and confirmation of metastatic breast carcinoma in bone marrow, while more caution must be employed in the interpretation of results obtained using MAbs anti-EMA, DF3, and HMFG-2.
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PMID:Comparison of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of occult breast carcinoma metastases in bone marrow. 245 2

Detection of free malignant cells in the peritoneal cavity following curative resections of colorectal cancer may explain why some patients develop local or peritoneal recurrence after favourable operations. We have examined the incidence of peritoneal malignant cells using standard cytological methods and by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using monoclonal antibodies (CEA L11/285/14 and HMFG 1 and 2) in 30 patients having resection for colorectal cancer. Peritoneal washings were collected on opening the peritoneal cavity and immediately prior to closing the abdominal wall following resection. Abnormal cells were only demonstrated in 10 patients. Cytology revealed abnormal cells in seven patients (three preresection and three postresection, one patient had pre- and postresection positive cytology). Monoclonal antibody staining revealed abnormal cells in seven patients (two preresection and four postresection, one patient had both pre- and postresection positive stains). Only two patients had identical results using cytology and antibody staining. Seven of these 10 patients had hepatic metastases. The correlation between the assessment of free malignant cells using cytology and monoclonal antibody staining is poor. Long-term follow-up is required to see if 'free cells' have prognostic significance.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody and cytological detection of free malignant cells in the peritoneal cavity during resection of colorectal cancer--can monoclonal antibodies do better? 264 97

A human carcinoma cell line (ETN-1) has been established from a skin metastasis of a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of endometrial origin. The cell line has been so far maintained for 27 months through 55 passages, growing as a monolayer as well as in 3-dimensional clusters with a population doubling time of 72 hr. The number of chromosomes per cell varied from 39 to 107 (average number 61.0 +/- 19.8), with a modal number of 46-48. Seven clonal marker chromosomes were detected. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a population of pseudo-tetraploid cells (DNA index 2.1) next to a pseudo-diploid population (DNA index 1.1). The epithelial character of the cells was confirmed by a positive immunocytochemical reaction using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to different keratins, the epithelial cell markers BW 495/36 and HMFG-2, as well as by the presence of many junctional complexes. The tumour cells retained a positive reaction with the anti-ovarian carcinoma OV-TL 3, OV-TL 10 and OC 125 MAbs, although the reaction was markedly diminished in comparison with the original tumour. Tumour cells inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice produced well differentiated adenomatous tumour nodules with formation of glandular lumina and basal lamina. Tumour cells injected intraperitoneally produced malignant ascites and regional as well as distant metastases of adenomatous character.
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PMID:ETN-1: a new human endometrial carcinoma cell line producing ascites and distant metastases in nude mice. 273 2

The diagnostic possibilities of immunoscintigraphy (IS) in ovarian cancer are discussed. Seventy-five patients were investigated by IS using the radioantibodies HMFG-2 (n = 63) or OC-125 (n = 12). The results showed a specificity of 75%, sensitivity of 87%, and accuracy of 84%. An intraoperatively usable gamma ray detection probe was developed in order to achieve better results than with conventional IS. Twelve patients were investigated using this probe. A future clinical value was indicated for intraoperative detection of lymphnode metastases and/or small tumor deposits.
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PMID:[Immunoscintigraphy and intraoperative tumor search in ovarian cancer]. 280 45

Epithelial cell islets in primary monolayer cultures of human breast biopsies were characterized by combined immuno-, enzyme- and DNA cytochemistry as well as by analysis of attachment-, spread- and growth patterns. For cultivation we used explants from reduction mammoplasties, benign lesions, primary carcinomas and metastases. Milk fat globule membrane antigen (MFGM-A) was detected with a monoclonal antibody, and the tetrazolium reaction for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) as well as DNA content of the cultured cells were quantified. Spreading and growth of individual islets were studied by image analysis. Fibroblast-like cells did not express MFGM-A, and whereas epithelial (MFGM-A positive) cell islets of normal and benign origin showed cells with no or low G6PDH reaction, respectively, the majority of epithelial cell islets from 11 out of 21 carcinomas showed strong reaction. Cell islets with strong G6PDH reaction were sometimes hyperdiploid. Moreover, whereas cell islets with no or low reaction from both benign lesions and carcinomas readily attached and spread in a serum-free medium and showed population doubling times of 30 to 110 h, cell islets with strong reaction from carcinomas and metastatic lesions required serum for attachment and their growth rate was too low to be determined.
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PMID:Characterization of epithelial cell islets in primary monolayer cultures of human breast carcinomas by the tetrazolium reaction for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. 286 41


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