Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bile duct adenomas are small nodules that are usually found incidentally on the liver surface at abdominal surgery or autopsy. We recently analyzed two such lesions that, in addition to the typical small caliber ducts, contained periductular nests and clusters of uniform round cells, suggestive of endocrine cell proliferation. Follow-up of these patients did not show endocrine tumors elsewhere. The lesions were studied by immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique) and compared with conventional bile duct adenomas (seven cases). The results showed these cells to decorate with several endocrine markers, namely, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and Leu-7. Endocrine markers were not seen in the cells of conventional bile duct adenomas. Epithelial markers, that is, cytokeratin (CAM 5.2 antibody) and epithelial membrane antigen, were expressed by the cells composing both conventional bile duct adenomas and those with endocrine-like cells, although with less intensity in the endocrine cell clusters. We suggest that some bile duct adenomas contain endocrine cell proliferations that morphologically may resemble a small carcinoid tumor or the so-called pulmonary tumorlet. Neurosecretory granules have previously been identified in some cholangiocarcinomas and in bile duct proliferation associated with cholestasis. The endocrine clusters in biliary adenomas may constitute a diagnostic pitfall and must be separated from metastases of carcinoids or islet cell tumors.
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PMID:Bile duct adenomas with endocrine component. Immunohistochemical study and comparison with conventional bile duct adenomas. 137 Jan 91

To examine the importance of immunocytochemically detectable occult axillary lymph node metastases in patients with lobular carcinoma of breast, tumor registry data from 54 cases indexed as lobular carcinoma during the period 1973-82 were reviewed. Recurrences and/or deaths due to cancer were essentially confined to the group of patients with a component of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), therefore this subset was selected for further study. Seven of 20 cases had lymph node metastases diagnosed histologically at the time of mastectomy. Follow-up of these patients showed four dead of disease (DOD) at one, three, three, and seven years; one alive with disease (AWD) at one year; and two with no evidence of disease (NED) at four and five years. Eleven of 20 were node negative. Follow-up of this group showed nine NED and two DOD at two and four years. Two of 20 had unknown node status. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded lymph node blocks were available in 12 of 20 cases with a component of ILC. Of these, 4/12 cases had histologically positive nodes while 8/12 were originally diagnosed as negative. A cytokeratin monoclonal antibody cocktail (MAK-6, CAM 5.2 and AE1/AE3) was applied to all 12 cases. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity (CK-IR) was found in all four cases that were histologically positive. Five of eight histologically negative nodes lacked CK-IR, however the other three cases showed CK-IR in micrometastases. Review of newly prepared hematoxylin-eosin sections from the paraffin blocks failed to demonstrate metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of occult metastatic lobular carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes using anticytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. 137 12

Using conventional examination (CE) of H&E stained slides from bone marrow aspirates, metastases can be detected in approximately 25% of patients with small cell lung cancer. We investigated a panel of monoclonal antibodies using immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of bone marrow infiltration from SCLC and compared the results with CE. Seven monoclonal antibodies raised against epithelial antigens (CAM 5.2, MOV 15, NCCST 433, PE 35, LCA1/L38, HMFG 1 AND HMFG 2) were applied on bone marrow sections from three groups of patients (pts): (1) 19 pts in whom SCLC-metastases were detected by CE, (2) 44 pts with SCLC in whom metastases could not be detected by CE, and (3) 20 pts with non-malignant bone marrow diseases. All the antibodies except LCA1/L38 were positive in 60-90% of the slides with infiltrating tumour cells in group 1. No positive tumour cells were detected in group 2. A few plasma cells and megakaryocytes were slightly positive for MOV 15 and NCCST 433, but no other positive cells were detected in group 3. In conclusion, the monoclonal antibodies used in this study may be useful for diagnostic purposes when a suspicious looking infiltration is detected by CE. However, these antibodies could not detect metastatic tumour cells in the bone marrow sections from patients in whom CE did not reveal any tumour cells.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies in the detection of bone marrow metastases in small cell lung cancer. 137 95

A group of 52 patients with malignant uveal melanoma treated by primary enucleation in 1977-1979 was studied to determine the frequency of immunoreactivity for cytokeratins (CK) in primary and metastatic melanoma, the CK types present, and the prognostic significance of CK expression. By immunohistochemistry, monoclonal antibody (MAb) V9 to vimentin reacted with all 52 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumors and all 31 metastases from 11 patients. MAb CAM 5.2 to CK 8 and 18 reacted with 20 and MAb CY-90 to CK 18 with 25 primary melanomas, whereas MAb KS-B17.2 and MAb CK5 to CK 18 labeled 8 and 6 tumors, respectively. Antibodies to CK 13 and CK 19 each labeled single cells in one specimen, and other CK types were not detected. In 6 primary melanomas, only a few tumor cells were immunopositive for CK 8 and 18, but in 17 cases up to one quarter, and in 2 tumors more than one quarter, of them were labeled. The positive cells were spindle, epithelioid, or intermediate in shape, and tended to be more frequent in mixed than in spindle cell melanomas. MAbs CAM 5.2 and CY-90 did not react with any of the 16 liver metastases, but labeled 7 of 15 other metastases. Metastases were somewhat more common when the primary tumor was immunoreactive for CK 8 and 18, apparently because CKs were more frequent in mixed cell melanomas. Although CK expression is of diagnostic significance and can denote low levels of epithelioid differentiation, it is not an independent prognostic factor in malignant uveal melanoma.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical and prognostic analysis of cytokeratin expression in malignant uveal melanoma. 137 96

In this study of 40 cases of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, 83% arose in the pyriform sinus, base of tongue, tonsil, and larynx. The 35 men and five women ranged in age from 27 to 88 years (median 62). In patients for whom social habits were recorded, 24 of 26 patients were smokers and 22 of 25 drank ethanol. Most presented with stage III or IV disease. Twenty-seven patients had regional metastases at the time of presentation and 15 developed distant metastases. Seventeen patients died with disease (median survival 18 months). The tumors were composed of moderately pleomorphic basaloid cells forming nests, cords, and frequent cribriform patterns. Squamous dysplasia of surface mucosa, focal squamous differentiation within invasive basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, or foci of conventional squamous cell carcinoma were present, alone or in combination. All studied neoplasms were immunohistochemically positive for keratins with the 34 beta E12 antibody. Approximately 80% were immunoreactive using AE1/AE3 or CAM 5.2. Epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and S100 protein were found in 83%, 53%, and 39%, respectively, of the cases. Diffuse, weak immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase was seen in 75% of tumors. Synaptophysin, chromogranin, muscle-specific actin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were absent. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma has been confused with adenoid cystic carcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, but is usually distinguishable in routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, or, in rare problematic cases, with the aid of immunohistochemical studies. Distinction is warranted because the biologic behavior of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma differs from that of both of these lesions.
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PMID:Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 40 cases. 138 69

The presence of 'small cell lung cancer antigens' was evaluated in pretreatment biopsies of primary SCLC, liver metastases, and/or bone marrow metastases from 46 patients. The antigen expression was detected immunohistochemically by applying monoclonal antibodies to routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. The antibodies applied were second workshop codes: 3(CAM 5.2), 45 (MOV15), 54 (NCCST433), 75 (PE35), 81 (HMFG-1), 95 (LCA1/L38) and HMFG-2 123C3, F4 and MOC-21. High expression was observed for WS 3, 45, 75, 81 and HMFG-2, both in the primaries and metastases. A good correlation was observed between the presence of antigens in primary biopsies and metastases, but there was a general tendency toward a lower proportion of positive tumour cells in the metastases compared to the primaries. For WS 45, 54, 75 and 95 the difference between primaries and bone marrow was statistically significant, and this was also true for WS 45 and 81 in the liver. The clinical relevance is discussed.
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PMID:Expression of 'small cell carcinoma antigens' in primary small cell lung cancer and metastases: an immunohistochemical study. 164 71

Metastasis of hepatoma to the brain is a rare event. Even rarer is massive hemorrhage of the brain associated with metastatic hepatoma. A 57-year-old man had cirrhosis of the liver with hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor spread to the lungs and left occipital lobe of the brain. The primary and secondary neoplasms were negative in detection of mucin, but were immunohistochemically positive to cytokeratin CAM 5.2 and KC; the finding supported the hepatocellular origin of the tumor. The metastatic tumor formed papillae in the lung and produced massive hemorrhage in the left occipital lobe. This case raised the total number of intracranial metastatic hepatic carcinomas to 34 cases. Five of 34 hepatic carcinomas metastatic to brain, including the current one, were hepatocellular carcinoma that produced massive hemorrhage.
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PMID:Massive cerebral hemorrhage from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. 166 19

Using intact ethanol-fixed cytokeratin monoclonal (CAM 5.2) and propidium iodide dual-stained cells, we have performed two-color multiparametric flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis and S-phase fraction (SPF) determination on 165 mechanically dissociated breast carcinomas. Sixty-seven patients were axillary node positive, 33 patients node negative; 59 had biopsy only and in 8, FCM was performed on tissue from metastatic lesions. Overall, 62% of the tumors contained aneuploid cell populations. Abnormal cellular DNA content (aneuploidy) was significantly correlated with high nuclear grade (p less than 0.001), lack of estrogen receptors (p less than 0.001), presence of vascular invasion (p less than 0.04), high histologic grade (p less than 0.04), and tumor size (p less than 0.03) but not with patient age (p greater than 0.07) or axillary node status (p greater than 0.50). SPF values derived from ungated histograms had a positively skewed frequency distribution (range 2 to 30%, N = 152) with an overall median of 11% (diploid, 8.9%; aneuploid, 15.7%). Higher SPF values were significantly correlated with aneuploidy (p less than 0.001), presence of necrosis (p less than 0.001), lack of estrogen receptor (p less than 0.0001), high nuclear grade (p less than 0.001), vascular invasion (p less than 0.003), tumor size (p less than 0.006), and high histologic grade (p less than .004) but not the presence of lymph node metastases (p greater than 0.56). Mean SPF values were significantly higher when calculated from cytokeratin gated DNA histograms (14.1% versus 11.5%, p less than 0.001), probably due to exclusion of contaminating stromal/inflammatory cells; and significantly lower when calculated from debris subtracted histograms (7.8% versus 11.4%). Cytokeratin gated and debris subtracted SPF values both had a greater degree of correlation than ungated values with clinicopathologic factors of known prognostic significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Multiparametric deoxyribonucleic acid and cell cycle analysis of breast carcinomas by flow cytometry. Clinicopathologic correlations. 169 Mar 16

We report the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of three small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampullary region of the duodenum. All patients were men; their ages were 51, 62, and 66 years. The therapy consisted of pancreatoduodenectomy. All patients died of the disease; median survival was 10 months from the diagnosis. The histological appearance was identical to pulmonary and extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma. The neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated ultrastructurally by the presence of dense-core granules, and by the positive immunoreaction for neuron-specific enolase and Leu-7 in each case. One case expressed a focal positivity for chromogranin A (PHE-5) and argyrophilic granules. The same case showed the presence of neurofilaments on frozen material. Neurofilament proteins could not be demonstrated in any case in paraffin sections. Neoplastic cells exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2) in all cases. In one case, a large number of neoplastic cells (60-70%) exhibited nuclear Ki-67 positivity. We postulate that the disease's histogenesis was from epithelial stem cell expressing both epithelial and neuroendocrine characteristics. The clinical behavior of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampullary region appears to be extremely aggressive, with early metastases and fatal outcome.
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PMID:Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampullary region. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of three cases. 169 69

Ninety-eight consecutive patients with primary operable breast cancer and an initial diagnosis of no regional lymph node metastases as assessed by conventional light microscopy were studied. Immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections was assessed using two monoclonal antibodies: CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson) with specificity for low molecular weight cytokeratin, and NCRC-11 (CRC Laboratories, Nottingham) with specificity for epithelial mucin antigen. Positive staining for occult metastases was seen in nine patients with CAM 5.2 and in eight of these nine with NCRC-11. At a follow-up out to 14 years, there was no difference in overall survival, in recurrence-free survival, or in frequency of or time to presentation of local or regional recurrences between occult metastasis-positive and occult metastasis-negative patients. This study concludes that while immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections increases the diagnostic yield of metastases, it is not to be recommended as this increase is of no useful clinical value.
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PMID:Occult regional lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: immunohistological detection with antibodies CAM 5.2 and NCRC-11. 172 47


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