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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A key prognostic parameter for vulvar carcinoma is the presence of lymph node metastases. Determination of proliferation markers has been suggested as a method to predict lymph node metastases in several tumor types. If this were true in vulvar carcinomas, reduced surgical therapy for patients with low-risk vulvar carcinoma could be considered. The authors analyzed whether the proliferation-associated markers silver nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR) and Ki-67 are predictors for inguinofemoral lymph node metastases in women with vulvar carcinoma. The authors also analyzed whether these proliferation markers are interrelated. Data were obtained from samples of 145 patients with T1/T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva who were treated with vulvectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy. None of these patients received preoperative therapy, and the invasion depth of the tumors was more than 1 mm. The median age was 71 years. The group consisted of 67 patients with differentiation grade 1, 64 with grade 2, and 18 with grade 3; 22% (15 of 67) of the patients with grade 1, 45% (29 of 64) with grade 2, and 43% (six of 14) with grade 3 had lymph node metastases. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained for proliferation markers Ag-NOR and MIB-1 (an equivalent of Ki-67 for fixed material). Both parameters were scored at the tumor stroma interface. Ag-NOR number and areas were quantified by interactive image analysis and Ki-67 index was scored microscopically with a grid. No relation was found between Ki-67 or Ag-NOR and lymph node metastases. A relation was found between Ki-67 and mitotic index (MI), but not between Ag-NOR and MI or Ki-67 index. Therefore, it is questionable whether Ag-NOR is, indeed, a marker for proliferation. The authors conclude that quantitation of Ki-67 and Ag-NOR does not contribute to the prediction of inguinofemoral lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
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PMID:Quantitation of proliferation-associated markers Ag-NOR and Ki-67 does not contribute to the prediction of lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 876 14

A new case of breast tumor with features of eccrine spiradenoma is described. This neoplasm is exceedingly rare, because only two cases, arising in breast parenchima, have been previously reported. The patient was a 43-year-old woman and she experienced three local recurrences at 7, 20, and 30 months from the first excision. No distant metastases were observed. Microscopically, the tumor was circumscribed and showed a lobulated pattern. Neoplastic lobules consisted of packed, monotonous, basaloid epithelial cells with round to ovoid nuclei and scant cytoplasm. At the periphery, the lobules were delimitated by smaller cells with dark nuclei. Immunohistochemical reactivity in tumoral cells was found for both cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen; vimentin, muscle-specific actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, and carcinoembryonal antigen were all negative. Furthermore, the lesion showed a diffuse positivity for estrogen and progesterone receptors and a high growth fraction labelled by MIB-1 (Ki-67) antibody. These findings, in conjunction with the deep location of the tumor, suggest an origin of the neoplasm from the breast epithelium. Because of a potential local aggressive behavior, the excision of a wide rim of uninvolved breast tissue is recommended.
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PMID:An unusual, recurring breast tumor with features of eccrine spiradenoma: a case report. 892 79

In tumour cell lines, an inverse relationship has been shown between susceptibility to the cytotoxic effects of the O6-alkylating agents and the expression of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). One of the most effective single agents in chemotherapy of metastatic melanoma is the O6-alkylating drug, dacarbazine. We therefore examined the distribution of MGMT in 37 skin and lymph node melanoma metastases using rabbit antihuman MGMT antiserum. MGMT expression was undetectable in tumours from 2 out of 34 patients and low in 4 further patients. When present, staining was mainly nuclear and showed a marked variation both among tumour cells within the same metastases, between separate metastases in the same patient and between tumours in different patients. MGMT expression determined by immunohistochemistry showed a relation to MGMT activity measurements, but was not related to the number of proliferating cells, as identified by staining with MIB-1 antibody. Tumour cells with moderate to strong immunostaining with MGMT antiserum were significantly more abundant in metastases excised after dacarbazine-based chemotherapy (n = 8) than in those excised before treatment (n = 29).
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PMID:Immunohistochemical examination of the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in human melanoma metastases. 907 12

Breast carcinomas < or = 1 cm in size (T1a,b) are being detected more frequently as a result of screening. Because traditional prognostic parameters are either lacking (tumor size) or rare (nodal metastases), a marker(s) is needed to identify the subset of patients who could benefit from adjuvant therapy. A retrospective series of 202 patients with stage T1a,b invasive breast carcinomas was evaluated. The clinicopathological features (age, histological grade, extensive in situ carcinoma, hormone receptor status, and nodal metastasis) as well as microvessel density and the expression of c-erb-B2, p53, MIB-1/Ki-67, and cdc25B were assessed. In addition, expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 was evaluated. Nineteen patients (18% of patients who had axillary dissection) had locoregional lymph node metastases. Forty-two % of them died of disease (median survival, 112 months), whereas mortality was 11% in node-negative patients (median survival, 168 months; P = 0.0055). Patients with low p27 expression had a median survival of 139 months (17% mortality) versus 174 months (9% mortality) in the group with high p27 expression (P = 0.0233). Lack of p27 was associated with poor prognosis when node-positive patients were excluded (P = 0.0252). Nodal status and low p27 were found to be the only independent prognostic parameters by both univariate and multivariate analysis, with relative risks of dying of disease of 4.9 (P = 0.001) and 3.4 (P = 0.0306), respectively. Assessment of p27, which yields prognostic information in node-negative patients, could be useful to identify patients with small, invasive breast carcinomas who might benefit from adjuvant therapy.
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PMID:The cell cycle inhibitor p27 is an independent prognostic marker in small (T1a,b) invasive breast carcinomas. 910 10

Most patients with primary melanoma are cured by local surgery, but a significant minority develop fatal metastases. The ability to identify patients with progressive disease is central to efficient management: permitting optimal deployment of adjunctive therapy and sparing the non-progressing majority the morbidity of aggressive therapy. Accurate prediction on an individual patient basis is the ideal, but the best current prognosticators permit only assignment to risk categories. Formulaic combinations of well tried correlates of outcome (gender, ulceration, depth, thickness, and mitotic rate increase accuracy of prediction, but not to personalised level. The use of large data bases against which the attributes of individual patients may be compared is useful and amalgamation of data bases will increase the availability of this approach. The development of markers of proliferation fraction (PCNA and MIB-1) and of the metastatic phenotype (PNA-receptor status) will further refine the process. Staging of disease is critical. Accuracy of staging is improved by mapping the (sentinel) lymph nodes likely to contain early tumor by lymphoscintigraphy and dye/radiomarker localisation. The application of exquisitely sensitive immunohistochemical and molecular biological techniques to biopsies from tissues likely to be the site of metastases permit assessment of clinical stage with a previously impossible degree of accuracy (ultrastaging).
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PMID:Prediction of outcome for patients with cutaneous melanoma. 926 4

In a series of 256 mammary carcinomas, 22 (8.5%) were positive for progesterone receptors (PR) and negative for estrogen receptors (ER). These cases seem to belong to a distinctive group with a biologic behavior not well understood. In order to contribute to a better understanding of such tumors, their association with different pathologic and immunohistochemical factors were compared with those of the rest of the tumors of the series. The results were that favorable factors such as smaller size, negative axillary lymph nodes and low histologic and nuclear grades were decreasingly associated with tumors that were ER+ PR+; ER+ PR-; ER- PR+; and ER- PR-. In relation to immunohistochemical features, tumors that were ER+ PR+; ER+ PR- and ER- PR+ behaved in a similar way, whereas ER- PR- tumors were different from the rest because fewer expressed bcl-2 (p = 0.0000) and had a greater expression for p53 (p = 0.009) and MIB-1/Ki-67 (p = 0.05). No significant differences were found between the four populations in recurrence rate or metastases, nor overall survival. In conclusion, these findings show that tumors that are ER- PR+ might have biological characteristics somewhere in between ER+ PR+ and ER- PR+.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characteristics of mammary carcinomas with estrogen-negative and progesterone-positive receptors]. 928 72

A 57-year-old male patient presented with a cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas, which was considered to be a pseudocyst. He was treated by cystojejunostomy but one year later a tumour was found to have invaded the stomach and jejunum. This was an osteoclast-like giant cell tumour containing a small area of typical ductal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the pleomorphic tumour cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin and the proliferation marker MIB-1. The osteoclast-like giant cells and some small histiocytic cells stained for leukocyte common antigen and histiocytic markers and were negative for MIB-1. At autopsy, tumour rests were found in the pancreas but there were no metastases. Osteoclast-like giant cell tumours of the pancreas may present as cystic lesions and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pseudocysts.
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PMID:Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of the pancreas presenting as a pseudocyst-like lesion. 933 44

The aim of the study was to correlate the DNA Index (DI) and S-phase fraction (SPF) values determined by multiparametric flow cytometry in breast cancer (mainly T1 and T2 stages) with several clinico-pathologic variables and other biological parameters. For this purpose, a total of 136 breast cancers were submitted to flow cytometry and to several types of immunohistochemical analyses. Among clinico-pathologic data we considered pT, pN and grade and among immunohistochemical markers, hormonal receptors, P53, c-erbB-2 and MIB-1. We found that DNA aneuploidy was strongly correlated with high tumoral grade, absence of hormonal receptors, high proliferation, as shown by high MIB-1 (> or = 36%) and SPF values (> or = 13.3%), and P53 positivity. Grouping the tumours according to their DI values, we observed a relative significantly higher correlation of the near-triploid range carcinomas (DI 1.40-1.60) with immunohistochemical expression of P53 (p = 0.0001). Near-triploid DI was also associated with a high proliferative activity, expressed both by SPF (p = 0.0001) and MIB-1 reactivity (p = 0.0001), high tumoral grade (p = 0.0001) and presence of axillary metastases (p = 0.03). These data suggest that DNA near-triploid tumours in breast cancer may have a more aggressive behaviour in comparison with other DI classes.
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PMID:Cytometric DNA analysis and prognostic biomarkers in breast carcinoma. Expression of P53 product in the different ploidy classes. 937 11

Hemangioblastomas are low-grade, capillary rich neoplasms of the cerebellum and spinal cord that can occur sporadically or in the setting of Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. The present study analyzed the utility of proliferation potential in differentiating hemangioblastoma from RCC metastatic to the central nervous system using a MIB-1 (Ki-67) labeling index and assessment of expression of the RNA component of telomerase. Immunohistochemical analysis for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and MIB-1 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of 27 hemangioblastomas and 5 RCC metastatic to the central nervous system. All but one hemangioblastoma demonstrated low or negative MIB-1 immunoreactivity, while 4 of 5 RCC metastases had moderate or high labeling indices. Telomerase RNA expression was assessed in 10 hemangioblastomas and in all 5 metastatic RCC by in Situ hybridization. All 10 hemangioblastomas demonstrated a lack of expression of telomerase RNA, while all 5 metastatic RCCs showed moderate to strong expression. Our results suggest that the MIB-1 labeling index is useful in differentiating hemangioblastoma from metastatic RCC and assessment of telomerase expression can also provide novel information on the difference in growth potential of these tumors.
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PMID:Human telomerase RNA expression and MIB-1 (Ki-67) proliferation index distinguish hemangioblastomas from metastatic renal cell carcinomas. 941 83

Tumour angiogenesis (antifactor VIII-related antigen antibody), p53 overexpression (DO-1) and proliferative activity (MIB-1) were immunohistochemically analysed for the prediction of long-term survival in 113 patients with squamous cervical carcinoma. The median follow-up time was 82 months (range 72-99). In early stages (IB-IIA), neovascularisation was significantly related to tumour size. Significantly more patients in stage IIA had high tumour vascularity compared to stage IB (P < 0.01) but no significant difference was found between early and advanced stages (IIB-IVB) of cervical carcinoma. p53 overexpression was correlated to the stage of disease (P < 0.01). No relationship was found between tumour angiogenesis, p53 overexpression or MIB-1 and pelvic lymph node metastases, histological subtype or differentiation. Tumours with more than 50% p53 overexpression was significantly correlated with survival in the univariate analysis, but no independent predictive value was found. It is concluded that immunohistochemically detectable p53 overexpression as measured by DO-1 and proliferative activity as measured by MIB-1 seems of no clinical value for the prediction of long-term survival in squamous cervical carcinoma. The predictive value of tumour angiogenesis for survival outcome has still to be determined in squamous cervical carcinoma.
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PMID:The impact of tumour angiogenesis, p53 overexpression and proliferative activity (MIB-1) on survival in squamous cervical carcinoma. 947 Aug 36


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