Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MHC antigen expression on 20 nevi, and 35 primary and 95 metastatic melanomas was studied by immunoperoxidase techniques using monoclonal antibodies to identify the antigens on frozen tissue sections. DR antigens were not detected on nevi but were detected on 71% of primary melanomas and 56% of metastases, suggesting that this antigen may be a useful marker of malignant transformation of nevi. Expression of class II antigen could not be related to other prognostic histological features of primary melanoma such as tumour thickness, but comparison of the common phenotypes of primary and metastatic melanoma suggested that expression of DR antigens alone in the absence of DP, DQ and ABC antigens may be an indicator of metastatic potential. Class I (HLA-A,B,C) antigens were also expressed infrequently on nevi but were detected on 43% of primary melanomas and 34% of metastases. HLA-A,B,C expression was inversely related to thickness of the primary melanoma. This as well as the lower expression of class I antigens on metastases, may indicate that growth and spread of melanoma may be inhibited by MHC (class I) dependent cytotoxic T cell responses. Expression of class I MHC antigens was unrelated to class II antigens. Expression of DR was more common than DP or DQ, but the latter with one exception, were not expressed in the absence of DR antigens. Significant differences were not found in MHC antigen expression on metastases in lymph nodes compared to those in subcutaneous sites, but further studies are needed to determine whether such differences may exist between metastases in other visceral sites.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistological evaluation of MHC class I and II antigen expression on nevi and melanoma: relation to biology of melanoma. 332 39

Expression of the gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GD2 was studied in tissue sections from 19 naevi, 29 primary and 83 metastatic melanoma using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. GM3 was not detected in normal skin whereas GD2 was detected on the basal and stratum spinosum of the epidermis and on peripheral nerves in the dermis. GD3 was expressed on melanocytes but not on most other components of normal skin. However, GD3 was strongly expressed on epidermis adjacent to naevi and primary melanoma whereas GD2, in contrast to that in normal skin, was not expressed on the epidermis adjacent to 26/29 primary melanoma. All naevi were positive for GM3 and GD3 except that GM3 was not detected on junctional components of naevi. GD2 was not expressed on naevi except in areas showing neuroid differentiation. Studies on melanoma revealed that approximately 60% of primary and 75% of metastatic melanoma expressed GM3 to a varying extent. With 2 exceptions, all primary and metastatic melanomas expressed GD3 although there was variable expression within most of the individual tumours. GD2 was detected in only approximately 25% of primary and 50% of metastatic melanomas. Both GD2 and GD3 were detected on lymphocytes surrounding melanoma. The higher expression of GD2 on metastases compared to primary melanomas was consistent with the view that GD2 expression was associated with increased metastatic potential. However, the low proportion of metastases expressing GD2 and the absence of any correlation with thickness of the primary tumour suggested that GD2 expression was not a reliable marker of metastatic potential. No differences could be detected in ganglioside expression on metastases in skin or lymph nodes. These results appear to have implications for the use of MAbs against gangliosides in therapy of melanoma and in the study of melanocytic differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Expression of the gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GD2 in tissue sections of normal skin, naevi, primary and metastatic melanoma. 334 97

Immunological markers improve specificity and accuracy of cell detection, therefore it is important to evaluate their usefulness in improving standard histological procedures. This study investigates whether immunocytochemical techniques increase the accuracy of detection, in axillary lymph nodes, of metastatic cells from infiltrating breast lobular carcinoma (ILC). Fifty cases of ILC reported to be node-negative were selected. New serial sections were cut from a total of 767 lymph nodes, stained with H&E and tested in immunoperoxidase (ABC procedure) with a conventional anti-Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) serum, with a monoclonal raised against human milk fat globule membranes (HMFG-2) and with a monoclonal against 54 kd keratin. Metastases were detected immunocytochemically in 12 cases (24%); in five of these cases metastatic cells were also visible in serial H&E sections. Monoclonals offered no evident advantage over anti-EMA conventional antiserum. Immunocytochemical positivity alone is not sufficient evidence for metastatic invasion since macrophages occasionally appear EMA- and HMFG-2-positive (probably because of secondary incorporation of the antigen), and so an improvement in the accuracy of breast cancer metastatic cell detection in axillary lymph nodes requires a combined histo-immunological approach.
 ...
PMID:The immunohistochemical detection of lymph node metastases from infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. 353 64

Sulfated macromolecules synthesized in tumor and mucosa tissues derived from colorectal cancer patients were labeled with [35S]sulfate and separated into two fractions on DEAE-Sephacel: the slightly acidic peak (peak I) was eluted with 0.2 M NaCl and the highly acidic peak (peak II) was eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. A total of 40 specimens, which included primary colon cancer, liver metastases, and normal mucosa obtained at surgery (16 patients), were examined regarding the amount of peak I and peak II. The amount of peak I significantly decreased in the order of normal mucosa greater than primary tumors greater than metastases, while the amount of peak II did not significantly change among the tissues. Peak I was mostly resistant to chondroitinase ABC and nitrous acid treatment under acidic conditions, whereas combined chondroitinase-sensitive materials and nitrous acid-sensitive materials were greater than 80% of the radioactivity in peak II. The major radioactive component of peak I migrated at a position corresponding to Mr greater than 300,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and became Mr less than 40,000 after alkaline borohydride treatment. The major component of peak I was likely to be a sulfated glycoprotein containing sulfate groups on alkaline labile carbohydrate chains. Peak II consisted of a mixture of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Differential incorporation of [35S]sulfate into peak I among normal mucosa, primary colon carcinoma, and colon carcinoma metastasis was observed. Therefore, decreased peak I production may be a biochemical change associated with colorectal cancer progression and metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Differential production of high molecular weight sulfated glycoproteins in normal colonic mucosa, primary colon carcinoma, and metastases. 356

The aim of this paper is the differential-diagnostic distinction of peritoneal 'implants' of serous ovarian tumours from morphologically similar lesions in the peritoneum. The authors investigated 22 cases of ovarian carcinomas, 'implants' of ovarian carcinomas, reactive mesothelial proliferates, endosalpingiosis, benign and malignant mesotheliomas, as well as papillary carcinomas of the pelvic peritoneum with conventional histological stainings and immunohistochemical methods (immunoperoxidase, ABC method). The cells of almost all mentioned lesions express cytokeratin, only the cells of the reactive mesothelial proliferates are partially keratin-negative. CEA was not detected in any of the lesions. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was present in the cells of some ovarian carcinomas and their implants. Lysozyme was found focally in some ovarian carcinomas and in some reactive mesothelial proliferates. An exact differentiation of peritoneal 'implants' as metastases of ovarian carcinomas or autochthonous neoplasias in the course of multifocal tumour development is not possible on the basis of our immunohistochemical findings.
 ...
PMID:So-called peritoneal implants of ovarian carcinomas. Problems in differential diagnosis. 360 95

Recent studies indicate that in addition to free diffusion, uptake of sex hormones into target cells is mediated by sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The purpose of this study was to investigate localization and distribution of SHBG in normal and neoplastic breast tissue. We examined 31 normal, 21 non-invasive, 52 invasive breast cancer tissues and 33 cases of recurrences and metastases of breast cancer immunohistochemically for SHBG by the ABC-peroxidase method, using a polyclonal, monospecific antiserum derived from rabbit. The proportion of stained cells was evaluated semiquantitatively. In 81 malignant cases the oestrogen receptor (ER) content was evaluated by the ER-ICA method. Positive staining for SHBG was found exclusively in epithelial cell cytoplasm. Benign tissue was focally SHBG-positive and showed more stained cells in proliferating epithelium. Staining of neoplastic tissue was more heterogeneous. Half of the non-invasive carcinomas were SHBG-positive; particularly the highly differentiated. Independent of subtype and differentiation, invasive tumours were SHBG-negative in 32.5% of cases, while 19.3% were SHBG-positive in most cells. In 13 cases of invasive carcinomas, associated intraductal parts showed more staining for SHBG than the invasive tissue. Recurrences and metastases of breast cancer were SHBG-negative in 45.5% of cases, while only 3% were positive in most cells. SHBG-staining was unrelated to ER content. These results suggest that the demonstration of cytoplasmic SHBG represents a physiological feature of breast epithelium and its presence is compatible with a mechanism for cellular uptake of SHBG-bound sex hormones preceding their interaction with nuclear receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Intracellular sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in normal and neoplastic breast tissue--an additional marker for hormone dependency? 752 85

Mutational changes in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most frequent genetic alterations in human malignant tumors. Studies have shown a correlation of p53 expression in breast cancer with tumor prognosis. In contrast to mutational activation of ras and GSP in thyroid tumors, little is known about the role of p53 in thyroid tumor development. Therefore thyroid tumors and thyroid tumor cell lines were studied for the presence of p53 mutations. Snap-frozen tissues from 57 differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) and 5 goiters were studied by immunohistochemical methods. A panel of six antibodies (pAb 240, 421, 1620, 1801, DO7, and CM1) was employed by using the ABC technique. Five cell lines from DTCs (FTC133, 236, 238, PTC337, MTC164) were examined by the same technique. Additionally, genomic DNA from the cells was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product studied for p53 mutations (R273H) by mutation-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (MOH) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) for the p53 exon 8. None of the benign thyroid tumors and 7 of 57 (12%) DTCs strongly express p53 with a heterogeneous distribution in the tumor tissue. All seven patients have metastatic disease or dedifferentiated tumors G3 (three of seven). CM1 was positive in two cell lines (FTC-133, PTC-337), questionable in FTC-238, and negative in FTC-236 and MTC-164. All three follicular cell lines, however, and the original tumor tissue showed the same p53 mutation (R273H) in MOH analysis and TGGE. P53 mutations are rare in thyroid tumors, but the presence of p53 mutations indicates a poor prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Significance of P53 in human thyroid tumors. 772 41

In this study we used the method of immunohistochemistry (ABC method) to examine antigen A, B, H and T expression in laryngeal cancer tissue and their clinical significance. Results showed that disappearance of antigen A, B, H was related to patient's prognosis and cancer cell differentiation. Antigen T revealed powerful expression in patients with cervical lymph node metastases. This index can help diagnosing subclinical metastases of the cervical lymph node.
 ...
PMID:[Several blood group antigens expressions in laryngeal cancer tissue and their clinical significance]. 774 21

HAM56, a monoclonal antibody first used to identify macrophages and endothelial cells, also stains many carcinomas (except those arising in the digestive tract). This property is useful in the differentiation between primary ovarian and metastatic colonic carcinomas in the ovary, or between gynecological (ovarian and endometrial) and colonic implants and lymph node metastases. This distinction is important as the prognoses of colorectal and gynecological malignancies differ significantly. Sixteen primary ovarian carcinomas (10 with peritoneal implants and 3 with lymph node metastases), eight cases of primary colonic carcinomas (four metastatic to ovary, four with peritoneal implants, and four with lymph node metastases), and three primary endometrial carcinomas, all with metastases to the ovary, were immunostained with the HAM56 antibody using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. Linear membranous immunostaining was considered positive, whereas staining of mucin and debris was regarded as negative. Using these parameters, 15/16 ovarian primaries, 9/10 ovarian implants, 3/3 ovarian lymph node metastases, and 3/3 endometrial primaries and their ovarian metastases were positive. Colonic primaries, their ovarian metastases, peritoneal implants, and lymph node metastases were all negative. It is concluded that the HAM56 antibody is a useful tool in the distinction between colorectal and ovarian malignancies in those cases where the routine histological appearance may be ambiguous.
 ...
PMID:HAM56 antibody: a tool in the differential diagnosis between colorectal and gynecological malignancy. 761 65

Immunohistochemical ABC method was used to study the distribution of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN) and type I, III & IV collagens (Ic, IIIc, IVc) as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PgR) in 20 breast carcinomas and 10 benign mammary lesions. LN and IVc were found in vascular and epithelial basement membranes (BMs), and FN was found in BMs and non-BMs. Ic and IIIc were only detected in stroma. LN, IVc and FN displayed continuous linear patterns in benign lesions where Ic and IIIc were sparsely and FN was intensively distributed. BMs in carcinomas were absent in varying degrees, Ic, IIIc and IVc exhibited heterogeneous staining and sparse FN distribution. No differences were noted in ECM staining patterns and ER & PgR levels in patients with and without lymph node metastases. The above data suggest that there is an obvious decrease of BM in breast cancer, and a heterogeneous change in Ic, IIIc and IVc due to stroma-tumor cell reactions, which may play important roles in limiting cancer growth. The immunodetection of BM changes in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma does not help to evaluate the metastatic potential of tumors and is unrelated to the levels of ER and PgR.
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical detection of extracellular matrix in human breast carcinoma]. 816 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>