Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many biological substances are commonly used as markers for malignant neoplasms, but no single marker with high specificity and sensitivity has been found for cancer to date. In this study we evaluated simultaneously the serum levels of five biomarkers of malignancy: phosphohexose-isomerase (PHI), creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), beta 2-microglobulin (BMG), and ferritin. In 89 female patients with breast lesions, we identified 30 benign lesions, 32 primary breast cancers, and 27 metastatic breast cancers (pulmonary and/or bone metastases). Each marker was assayed individually and in a combination and was compared with other markers. The results revealed that in benign lesions only 7% had PHI values higher than our cut-off limit value, while 3% had elevated values of AAG, BMG, and ferritin. In primary breast cancer we discovered pathological values of CK-BB and AAG in 71%, of PHI in 69%, of BMG in 50%, and of ferritin in 47%. Metastatic disease was associated with elevated values in 88% of CK-BB, in 70% of PHI and AAG, and in only 55% of BMG and ferritin. Combined pathological values for primary and metastatic breast cancer were 79% for CK-BB, 71% for AAG, 70% for PHI, and only 55% for BMG and ferritin. These data were assessed by the Student t test, which revealed for each marker a significant capacity (P less than 0.01) to discriminate between benign lesions and neoplastic diseases. The same capacity to distinguish between primary and metastatic cancer was obtained by the simultaneous use of three markers (CK-BB, PHI, and AAG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical utility of the combined use of plurime tumor markers in human breast cancer. 307 81

We have assessed the diagnostic value of the determination of cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, beta-glucuronidase and total protein, using linear discriminant analysis, in detecting central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. We conclude that, using these tests, it is impossible to differentiate between control individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. Leptomeningeal dissemination from either solid tumours or non-Hodgkin lymphoma could be differentiated from control individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. In this differentiation it is essential that bacterial, fungal or tuberculous meningitis be excluded from the differential diagnosis by other diagnostic procedures. The combination of beta-glucuronidase and beta 2-microglobulin provides almost the same diagnostic information as the combination of all parameters.
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PMID:Tumour markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. 340 30

The levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2-MG) were measured in the serum of 38 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Using sera from 35 normal volunteers and blood donors, a normal range for these two tumour markers was established. The normal range for TPA was 40-148 IU/L (mean = 93), while that for beta 2-microglobulin was 0.9-2.0 mg/L (mean = 1.3). In the patients with NPC but without known metastases the range was 63-178 IU/L for TPA (mean = 111) and for beta 2-MG, the range was 1.0-3.1 mg/L (mean = 1.7). For those NPC patients with metastases to bone or liver, the mean TPA was 464 IU/L and the mean beta 2-MG was 4.3 mg/L. It appears that TPA and beta 2-MG are useful markers for the monitoring of NPC patients for metastatic disease, particularly TPA.
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PMID:Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) as tumour markers in nasopharyngeal cancer. 355 79

With the object of studying the possible usefulness of the simultaneous plasma determination of CEA, HCG-beta and beta 2-microglobulin in patients with nontrophoblastic tumors, we measured by radioimmunoassay the concentrations of these substances in 77 patients with normal renal function. In the group without metastases (32 cases), the percentages of positives we low and similar for the 3 tumor markers. In the group with metastases (45 cases), the X2 test of independence between each of the 2 markers at a level of 95 % showed a relationship between the results obtained in the determination of HCG-beta and beta 2-microglobulin, as an independence between CEA and HCG-beta results and CEA and beta 2-microglobulin results. These data suggest the utility of determining CEA with only 1 of the other 2 antigens in disseminated tumors.
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PMID:Simultaneous plasma determination of CEA, HCG-beta and beta-2-microglobulin in patients with nontrophoblastic tumors. 616 Jun 67

Using commercially available radioimmune test kits, serial determinations of serum beta 2-microglobulin and CEA were performed in 337 patients, who had been treated for breast cancer by modified radical mastectomy and radiotherapy. The pre-therapeutic data indicated a higher incidence of pathological beta 2-microglobulin and CEA levels in patients with distant metastases than in patients with localized disease. However, this finding did not allow the conclusion of a direct complementarity of beta 2-microglobulin and CEA as tumour markers, since the group of patients with distant metastasis contained a high percentage of elderly patients who generally can be expected to have elevated beta 2-microglobulin serum concentrations. Therefore, the correlation of the clinical course of malignant disease and the incidence of relapses with the changes of serum beta 2-microglobulin and CEA concentrations was examined during the post-treatment surveillance: 7/9 cases (78%) with local recurrence and 46/73 cases (63%) with distant spread of disease were not indicated in the beta 2-microglobulin follow-up by pathologic serum concentrations, whereas in the CEA follow-up only 1/9 and 2/73 false negative indications were registered. The poor correlation suggests that serum beta 2-microglobulin is not directly tumour associated in breast cancer and does not fulfill the criteria of a tumour marker.
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PMID:Comparison of serum beta 2-microglobulin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the follow-up of breast cancer patients. 616 27

Patients with metastatic cancer were given single intramuscular injections of 10(7) units of partially purified preparations of either leukocyte or fibroblast IFN. Serum levels of inteferon, of beta 2-microglobulin and of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), as well as NK activity of circulating lymphocyte, were followed over a period of 96 hr post injection. In confirmation of previous studies, levels of circulating IFN were lower after injection of fibroblast IFN than after injection of leukocyte IFN. Despite this difference in pharmacokinetics, the natural killer activity of circulating lymphocytes was enhanced with both IFNs. Levels of DEA were not influenced by the IFN injections. Leukocyte but not fibroblast IFN caused an increase in serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin in the circulation. A similar difference between leukocyte and fibroblast IFN in their ability to influence the beta 2-microglubulin system was observed in experiments on cell cultures. Only leukocyte IFN was able to cause release of beta 2-microglobulin by either leukocytes or fibroblasts.
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PMID:Comparison of effects of leukocyte and fibroblast interferon on immunological parameters in cancer patients. 617 92

Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma line Capan-1 was studied in tissue culture and the nude mouse. In tissue culture, the neoplastic cells grew as large epithelial-like mucin-producing cells. Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantation of neoplastic cells into nude mice resulted in tumor formation characterized by marked invasiveness and distant metastases. Histologically, the tumor appeared as a well-differentiated mucin-producing adenocarcinoma morphologically resembling the tumor of origin. Chromosomal analysis showed a human karyotype with a chromosome number between 51-61. Lactate dehydrogenase and beta 2-microglobulin used as tumor markers were present in both tissue culture and the serum of tumor-bearing mice. The neoplasm, which was characterized by an increased level of cAMP, had lost completely the ability to respond to secretin stimulation. The tumor grown in the nude mouse was resistant to treatment with 5-fluorouracil, behavior identical to that of the original tumor. Diphtheria toxin resulted in complete tumor destruction. Because Capan-1 tumor grown in the nude mouse shows morphologic, biologic, and biochemical characteristics similar to the tumor of origin, it may be an invaluable tool in furthering understanding of the biology of human pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma line Capan-1 in tissue culture and the nude mouse: morphologic, biologic, and biochemical characteristics. 627 35

This work presents an evaluation of the diagnostic value of seric beta 2-microglobulin in the follow-up of operated colorectal cancers. Ninety-one patients were operated on with a curative intent between 1976 and 1979. These patients were followed for at least 2 years and divided in 2 groups: a) group NR: 48 patients apparently free of loco-regional recurrence and of distant metastases, b) group R: 43 patients presenting a cancerous relapse. High levels of beta 2-microglobulin were found in 21 patients of group NR (specificity: 56 p. 100) and in 25 patients of group R (sensitivity: 58 p. 100). In the same population, the specificity and the sensitivity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for the diagnosis of a relapse were 92 p. 100 and 88 p. 100 respectively. No significant statistical correlation was observed between the levels of beta 2-microglobulin and CEA. The sensitivity of the association beta 2-microglobulin + CEA was not superior to the dosage of CEA alone despite its reduced specificity (54 p. 100). These results indicate that the diagnostic value of the dosage of beta 2-microglobulin is inferior to that of CEA and is without interest for the detection of tumoral recurrence in the postoperative follow-up of colorectal cancers.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of the assay of beta 2 microglobulin during the monitoring of surgically-treated colorectal cancers. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen]. 635 22

A pharmacokinetic study was performed with partially pure immune (gamma) interferon (IFN-gamma) in patients with metastatic cancer. Nine patients were given IFN-gamma by the i.m. route in doses ranging from 1.5 X 10(5) to 9.6 X 10(6) antiviral units. There was no detectable antiviral activity in patients' serum, and only minimal side effects were observed. Fifteen patients were given IFN-gamma by i.v. bolus infusion in doses ranging from 1.5 X 10(5) to 54 X 10(6) units. Serum clearance of antiviral activity was described by a monoexponential disappearance curve. The serum half-life was dose dependent (3 min at the lower doses and 34 min at the highest doses). There were few consistent biological effects observed in the patients. Based on these pharmacokinetic data, eight patients were treated by a 6-hr continuous infusion consisting of 3 X 10(6) units by i.v. bolus followed by 4 X 10(6) units/hr for 6 hr. This regimen resulted in consistent serum levels of IFN-gamma ranging from 40 to 60 units over the 6-hr period. Marked granulocytopenia occurred within 24 hr and was sustained during the 10-day infusion period. There was marked increase in serum beta 2-microglobulin. We conclude that, in order to induce consistent serum antiviral activity, partially pure IFN-gamma, because of its rapid serum disappearance curve, must be administered by continuous i.v. infusion.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic study of partially pure gamma-interferon in cancer patients. 643 May 57

Up to fifteen plasma proteins were measured before treatment in 249 women presenting with lumps in the breast. Concentrations showed considerable overlap between the various clinical stages, and were often normal even in metastatic disease. A discriminant function is proposed, based on measurement of C-reactive protein, beta 2-microglobulin, carcinoembryonic antigen and ferritin and calculation of a score for each subject. High-risk scores resulted for all 18 patients with Stage 4 (i.e., metastatic) disease, and the number of Stage 1 patients attaining high scores was consistent with the reported incidence of development of metastases in such a group. Follow-up studies are in progress.
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PMID:Biochemical aids to the staging of breast cancer. 703 64


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