Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author has studied microspectrophotometrically the DNA content in cell nuclei of 30 nonirradiated and 30 irradiated with different doses squamous-cell laryngeal cancers and their regional metastases in the growth zone of histological sections and in cytological specimens (impressions). The DNA "accumulation index" and polyploidization phenomenon were found to be considerably decreased depending on radiation dosage in the group of observations with a good clinical effect. In cytological preparations (impressions) these indices were lower, that seems to be related with the fact that cells of central tumor portions would get into the impression-preparation. Kinetic changes in the DNA content and a histographic type can characterize the tissue radiosensitivity, thus allowing an objective morphological control over radiation therapy.
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PMID:[A change in the concentration of DNA during radiation therapy of cancer of the larynx]. 121 86

A microspectrophotometric study of DNA content in nuclei of cells of the normal larynx mucosa, papiloma, epithelial layer of fibromas, areas of atypical hyperplasia of the epithelium of papillomas, intraepithelial cancer, squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx, matastases in the regional lymph nodes, was carried out on the basis of bioptic and operation materials. A total of 82 histological sections and 50 cytological preparations (impressions) obtained from the same specimens of the tissue were investigated. The microspectrophotometric investigation revealed the growth of DNA "accumulation indices" from stratified squamous epithelium (2.5) through atypical proliferation (3.9) to squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx (8.2) and its metastases (12.4). The DNA content in intrapithelial cancer was higher than that in invasive squamous-cell carcinoma. Determination of the type of distribution of nuclei of cells of a tumour in cytological and histological preparations (in growth zones) according to ploidity and of characteristic features of the tissue with the help of the generalized "accumulation index" of DNA may be helpful as objective tests in morphological diagnosis of precancer and cancer processes in the larynx and in taking decisions concerning their prognosis.
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PMID:[A comparative microspectrophotometric study of the concentration of DNA in the cells of laryngeal tumors in histologic and cytologic preparations]. 122 86

Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in human breast carcinoma were studied using a computer-assisted system of image analysis. Standardized, automatic measurements of 7 morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, shape factor, bend energy, angle, and small and large diameters) performed on paraffin sections and cell imprint were compared and correlated with nuclear morphometry, histopathological grading, tumor growth fraction, (monoclonal Ki67-immunostaining), DNA nuclear content (stoechiometric Feulgen staining) and axillary lymph node invasion. The major findings were as follows: (i) variations in AgNORs and nuclear parameters were correlated, (ii) the ratio of AgNOR area/nuclear area was significantly different in low and high grade tumors, (iii) mean AgNOR parameter values increased significantly with the tumor growth fraction and tumor hyperploidy and were significantly higher in patients with axillary lymph node metastases and (iv) AgNOR evaluation was more accurate for cell preparations than for tissue sections.
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PMID:Correlation of nucleolar organizer regions and nuclear morphometry assessed by automatic image analysis in breast cancer with aneuploidy, K167 immunostaining, histopathologic grade and lymph node involvement. 130 May 97

The occurrence of ERBB-2 (HER-2/NEU) oncogene amplification was studied in 203 DNA samples obtained from 175 cancer patients. Amplification of ERBB-2 oncogene was established in 14 out of 63 (22%) patients with breast cancer, 1 out of 23 cases of ovarian tumor, 1 out of 19 cases of large bowel cancer and 1 out of 27 patients with cancer of the thyroid. Patients with lung cancer (34), soft tissue sarcoma (6) and malignant melanoma (3) failed to reveal any changes in the above oncogene. A tendency was established for ERBB-2 oncogene amplification to be associated with lymph node involvement in female patients with breast cancer: amplification was observed in 9 out of 28 patients presenting with lymph node metastases and only in 5 out of 29 metastases-free cases. To summarize, ERBB-2 oncogene is fairly often activated in human tumors but a high occurrence of the gene amplification was observed in female patients with breast cancer only.
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PMID:[The search for amplification of the ERBB-2 oncogene in human tumors]. 130 Jul 65

Lung cancer arises after a series of morphological changes, which take several years to progress from normal epithelium to invasive cancer. The morphological changes progress from hyperplasia, to metaplasia, to dysplasia, to carcinoma in situ, to invasive cancer and finally to metastatic cancer. Multiple molecular changes have been documented in lung cancers, both small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell (NSCLC) types. The number of changes has been estimated to be in double digits. These changes include activation of dominant oncogenes myc family, (K-ras and neu genes), as well as loss of recessive growth regulatory genes or anti-oncogenes (p53, and RB as well as unidentified gene or genes on chromosome 3). However, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies indicate that multiple other specific sites of actual or potential DNA loss may be present in lung cancers. Other changes may include development of drug resistance, and production of growth factors and their receptors. It is tempting to associate specific molecular changes with specific morphological changes, as has been attempted in the colon. However, because of the difficulties in serially sampling the respiratory tract, such studies have not been performed to date. Documentation of molecular changes in premalignant lesions and prospective studies of their prognostic effects will be necessary for the design of rational chemoprevention trials.
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PMID:The molecular biology of lung cancer. 130 9

The authors retrospectively searched for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in 60 cases of carcinoma arising from the nasal cavities (NC) and paranasal sinuses (PS) by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. In cases of SCC (n = 49), the authors also compared the clinical features of patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative results to determine the clinical significance of HPV. HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 7 of the 49 cases (14%) of SCC. In the other histologic types of carcinoma (n = 11), neither HPV 16 nor HPV 18 was detected. No significant differences in the clinical features were observed between patients with SCC with HPV-positive and HPV-negative results. The results suggest that HPV 16 and 18 are implicated in the pathogenesis of SCC arising from the NC and PS. However, the presence of HPV is not related to local progression, occurrence of metastases, or the prognosis of the patients.
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PMID:Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in carcinomas of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses by polymerase chain reaction. 130 30

Eight LF x ICIG cell hybrid clones, isolated upon fusion of normal ICIG-7 human fibroblasts with tumorigenic, non-metastatic LF Cl.2A cells derived from a DAB-induced rat hepatocarcinoma, were studied. They were all highly tumorigenic and were capable of developing spontaneous lung metastases in syngeneic animals. All the hybrids were characterized by a rapid loss of human chromosomes. However, in long-term culture, they all revealed a persistence of human genetic information as assessed by Southern blotting. In hybrid lines in which human chromosomes were still visible, the most recurrent were numbers 7 and 9. Neither chromosome 7, previously reported to bear some of the genes controlling metastasis in human X mouse T-cell hybrids, nor chromosome 9 appeared to be correlated with the metastatic potential of LF X ICIG hybrids. The same conclusion applied (1) to a human 3.3-kb EcoRI DNA fragment which was amplified (approx. 10-fold) only in metastases induced by one out of 3 metastatic hybrids tested; (2) to the transcription level of c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras genes which was enhanced (approx. 4-fold) in metastatic and non-metastatic lines as well. Co-transfection of LF Cl.2A cells with pHSG 272 selectable marker DNA and genomic DNA from normal ICIG-7 human cells or from a hybrid-induced metastasis, reproducibly gave rise to geneticin-resistant transfectants capable of producing spontaneous lung metastases. Neither transfectants nor transfectant-induced metastases harbored detectable human DNA sequences but all harbored pHSG 272 DNA. These results again call for caution in gene transfer studies of the metastatic process.
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PMID:Spontaneous metastatic potential of rat hepatocarcinoma cells after cell fusion or DNA transfection. 130 25

A 41-year-old female with a history of total ulcerative colitis for 15 years is presented. After eight years, she was enrolled in a colonoscopic surveillance program with regular examinations every second year and with biopsy sampling for histologic assessment of dysplasia as well as for flow cytometric analysis. Neither dysplasia nor DNA aneupoloidy developed during the course of the follow-up, but, after seven years, the patient developed a rapidly growing malignant stricture in the lower rectum. At the time of diagnosis, a local gluteal metastasis was found. Following preoperative radiation therapy, laparotomy disclosed a rectal cancer with local growth in the pelvis. Despite an attempt to perform curative surgery, the patient deteriorated and died within four months after the diagnosis. The carcinoma was of a poorly differentiated, mucinous, signet ring cell type, and DNA analyses of both the tumor and its metastases were diploid. Retrospective analyses of mucin content in colonoscopic biopsies showed a gradual shift from sulfated mucin to sialomucin. This case underlines the fact that even rigorous follow-ups offer no absolute guarantee against incurable malignancy in surveillance programs for ulcerative colitis despite the inclusion of DNA analyses.
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PMID:Highly malignant carcinoma in chronic ulcerative colitis without preceding dysplasia or DNA aneuploidy. Report of a case. 131 Feb 71

We have used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine cervical cancer biopsy specimens and pelvic lymph nodes for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) DNA. Of the 75 cervical specimens tested, 36 (48%) were positive for HPV 16 in the PCR. A total of 65 pelvic lymph nodes removed during radical surgery on 35 women were also analyzed. Lymph nodes originating from 19 patients whose cervical biopsy specimens were negative for HPV 16 seemed to lack HPV 16 sequences. For 16 women with positive PCR results for cervical biopsy specimens, 9 of 10 lymph node metastases were positive in the PCR, while 11 of their 36 histologically negative lymph nodes were also shown to contain HPV 16 DNA.
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PMID:Amplification of human papillomavirus type 16 transforming genes from cervical cancer biopsies and lymph nodes of Hungarian patients. 131 Mar 30

Articles on early-stage squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix published between August 1990 and July 1991 are reviewed. A new monoclonal antibody used to distinguish endocervical from endometrial differentiation is described, as well as a histochemical means of distinguishing in situ from invasive adenocarcinoma. In vitro and in vivo studies of cell lines immortalized with human papillomavirus DNA are described with a discussion of the mechanism of the development of malignancy. An animal model to test and develop an anti-human papillomavirus vaccine is presented. The epidemiology of adenocarcinoma is also reviewed, and the development of invasive carcinoma after conservative therapy or conization for dysplasia is discussed. Computed tomography scanning has been found to be no more accurate than examination for staging of early cervical cancer. Several studies in the review period have evaluated risk factors for recurrent disease in patients treated for early-stage cervical cancer, including a prospective surgical pathologic study by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. The optimal treatment of early stage I adenocarcinoma of the cervix is discussed, comparing the efficacy of primary surgical therapy with the efficacy of radiation therapy. The risk of ovarian metastases in patients with early-stage cervical cancer is very low for both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. The surgical technique and efficacy of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for patients with early-stage cervical cancer are discussed. Lateral transposition of the ovaries at the time of radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer has significant potential benefits but also risks. Finally, surveillance methods that detect recurrent cervical cancer after treatment for early-stage disease are discussed.
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PMID:Early-stage squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix. 131 65


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