Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of an "oncodevelopmental" protein, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), has been systematically studied in rats during normal development and during regeneration of the liver by fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro, in rats bearing transplantable hepatomas, in rats fed chemical carcinogens, and in mice that spontaneously develop hematomas. AFP is a serum protein made normally during fetal and neonatal stages by liver and yolk sac cells. In newborn rats at approximately 4 weeks of age, the production of AFP is abruptly terminated, a process which is closely associated with cessation of liver cell proliferation. In adult rats, AFP production recurs following the reinitiation of hepatic DNA synthesis induced by partial hepatectomy or by the administration of heaptotoxic chemicals. Detailed metabolic and direct labeling studies of fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro also demonstrate a kinetically similar pattern of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and AFP production. In vitro studies utilizing combined autoradiography for DNA-synthesizing cells and immunofluorescence for AFP-containing cells demonstrates that replicating hepatocytes produce AFP, however, available data do not yet permit a distinction between G1 (pre- or postmitotic) and/or G2 production. During growth of an AFP- producing tumor, the serum concentration of AFP may be used as a accurate index of tumor growth, and, if a transplanted tumor is removed, as a marker for metastatic growth of the tumor. Using this model, we have shown that radiation to the lung at the time of surgical removal of a growing tumor in the leg will prevent establishment and growth of pulmonary metastases and that anti-AFP serum treatment may inhibit growth of a transplantable hepatoma that produces AFP. The exposure of rats to chemical hepatocarcinogens results in the appearance of evaluated serum AFP concentration as early as within 1 week of feeding; noncarcinogenic chemical analogs do not cause an elevation. AFP elevation also occurs with low doses of the hepatocarcinogen in the absence of detectable cell injury (by morphological examination of serum enzyme levels) or any other known morphological or biochemical change. This may represent a highly selective derepression of protein synthesis that occurs following the formation of a complex between the metabolites of the carcinogen and specific chromatin loci. Although every rat so far treated with even subcarcinogenic doses of hepatocarcinogens has elevated serum AFP concentrations, many primary carcinogen-induced hepatomas do not produce detectable AFP. Either there is a subsequent change in the preneoplastic AFP-producing cell that occurs prior to irreversible neoplastic alteration, or the hepatocytes originally influenced by the carcinogens to produce AFP are not necessarily the same cells that are the progenitors of the hepatoma produced by more prolonged exposure...
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PMID:Expression of an oncodevelopmental gene product (alpha-fetoprotein) during fetal development and adult oncogenesis. 6 4

Under study were kinetic regularities in development and incorporation of tritium labelled thymidine into cells of two experimental metastasizing tumors -- Zajdela ascites hepatoma and Walker carcinosarcoma, transplanted intratesticulary. Primary tumors and their metastases in regional lymph nodes show certain differences relative both to the rate of the process and intensity of the DNA synthesis, and relative number of cells with incorporated labelled thymidine.
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PMID:[A kinetic analysis of the growth of transplanted tumors and their metastasis]. 17 77

The congenital mesoblastic nephroma is a distinct tumor entity, which should be clearly distinguished from Wilmus-tumor. The pure mesenchymal tumor is usually present at birth and palpated as a mass in the kidney. Macroscopically the tumor reveals a striking resemblance with an uterine fibroid. Histologically the tumor tissue ist characterized by 1. interlacing bundels of spindle cells with uniform cell nuclei and regular mitotic figures, 2. collagen fibres between the tumor cells, 3. an angiomatous marginal zone, no tumor capsule, 4. hematopoetic foci and dysplastic glomeruli and tubuli in areas where normal kidney parenchyma mixes with tumor tissue, 5. small myxomatous areas within in the tumor, 6. no invasion of blood vessels or pelvis. Prognosis of the congenital mesoblastic nephroma is much better than in Wilms-tumor. Metastases have not been described so far. If, however, the tumor tissue is incompletly removed during operation, the neoplasm may recur and prove fatal. Ultrastructural and DNA cytophotometric studies suggests a low grade malignancy rather than a truely benign behaviour of this tumor.
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PMID:[Congenital mesoblastic nephroma - a semimalignant fibroleiomyomatous kidney tumor of the newborn (author's transl)]. 18 64

The S-phase fraction (SPF), defined as the number of cells per hundred that showed evidence of nuclear DNA synthesis detectable by autoradiography after in vitro incubation with tritiated thymidine, was measured in 170 primary, invasive carcinomas of the breast. Assay for estrogen receptor was performed on tissue from 129 carcinomas, and 34 were also assayed for progesterone receptor. The concentration of estradiol-17 beta was measured in the serum of 69 patients. All carcinomas were analyzed for a variety of histologic features and were classified into morphologic types. SPF were lognormally distributed and were negatively correlated with the patient's age and presence of estrogen receptor, but not with presence of progesterone receptor, size of the carcinoma, number of axillary nodal metastases, or concentration of estradiol-17 beta in serum. The SPFs of lobular, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas were consistently low (geometric mean 1.2, range 0.05 to 3.55), and the SPFs of medullary and atypical medullary carcinomas were consistently high (geometric mean 14.0, range 7.77 to 20.2), whereas carcinomas of other types (not otherwise specified) had an intermediate geometric mean (4.7) and a broad range (0.09 to 25.4). The carcinomas that were not otherwise specified could be divided into three groups with different geometric mean SPFs by nuclear morphologic criteria (1.2 for minimal atypicality, 3.5 for moderate, and 7.9 for severe). Therefore it is possible to sort breast carcinomas histologically into groups with low, intermediate, and high SPF. Correlations between SPF, estrogen receptor content, and microscopic morphology indicate the existence of distinctive subpopulations of breast carcinoma that may have epidemiologic and therapeutic importance.
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PMID:Subpopulations of breast carcinoma defined by S-phase fraction, morphology, and estrogen receptor content. 21 52

An acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, which developed in a F-344 rat after long-term nafenopin administration, was serially transplanted into inbred weanling rats by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. The transplantability rate was 95% or more by both routes. The tumor implants became palpable in 20 to 30 days after subcutaneous transplantation, increasing in size rapidly thereafter during the next 25 to 30 days. In intraperitoneal recipients the abdomen was markedly distended within 1 month. No metastases were observed in this series of transplantations. Amylase and lipase levels in serum and tumor homogenates increased with tumor size. Morphologically, only a few cells contained zymogen granules immediately after the appearance of a palpable tumor; at later intervals, however, these granules were observed in many tumor cells. Seventy-two hours after the surgical removal of tumors, the serum amylase and lipase levels returned to control values. This transplantable pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma can be dissociated into functionally viable single cells by a simplified enzyme digestion and divalent cation chelation procedure. By light microscopic autoradiography, approximately 20% of these isolated cells were found to incorporate (3)H-thymidine in vitro into nuclear DNA. The data presented in this paper should serve as a baseline for future studies on this transplanted tumor.
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PMID:Transplantable acinar cell carcinoma of the rat pancreas. 42 31

True early forms of mammary cancer include tumours undetectable in routine clinical examinations and histologically presenting intraductal and lobular cancer (cancer in situ and with beginning invasion) in the absence of metastases. Parallel histological and cytological examinations and cytospectrophotometric determination of the DNA content increase the validity of the differential diagnosis between benign displasias and carcinoma in situ. Stages of composite clinico-roentgenilogical and morphological diagnosis of early mammary cancer have been developed. Two mammographic signs: accumulations of finest calcinates and filamentous tumour node less than 10 mm in diameter, permit to diagnose clinically latent cancer which has two forms of growth, diffuse and nodular. The diffuse form in some cases presents a stage preceeding the nodular form.
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PMID:[Clinical morphology of early breast cancer]. 42 37

The cellular kinetics of human mammary tumors were studied by in vitro methods. These techniques include single 3HTdR labeling to measure the 3HTdR LI, double labeling with 3HTdR and 14CTdR to measure DNA synthesis time, and an estimation of the growth fraction by the PDP index. Calculations of the potential doubling time and cell cycle time were made from these measurements. The 3HTdR LI of primary malignant tumors was greater than that of benign tumors, but only half that of metastatic lesions. There was considerable heterogeneity in the 3HTdR LI of primary tumors, but the DNA synthesis times were relatively invariant. Estimation of the growth fraction by the PDP index also revealed extensive heterogeneity, but the primary tumors were not different from metastases. There appear to be subsets of tumors with high and low proliferative values that correlate with some clinical parameters, such as age and nodal positivity. This material provides a data base for stratification of patients for future protocols and the use of cell kinetics in treatment programs.
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PMID:The cell kinetics of human mammary cancers. 44 62

Vascular perfusion of 16 renal adenocarcinomas with radioactive DNA precursors provides a possibility of characterize proliferative compartments of this tumor type. Immediately after resection of the tumor-bearing kidney, the organ is perfused via renal artery with dextran-diluted, heparinized oxygenated blood at physiological temperature, pH, flow, and pressure in a recirculation system. DNA synthetizing cells are labeled by addition of 3H- or 14C-thymidine or both isotopes at different intervals. Beta camera scans and whole-tumor autoradiograms disclose a striking proliferative heterogeneity of the tumor. Cell proliferation depends on intratumoral localization, cellular differentiation, histological structure and vascular supply. Subpopulations of high proliferative activity are found at the invasive borderline near normal kidney, focally in subcapsular areas and in intrarenal metastases, but also immediately adjacent to necrotic areas in the tumor center. Quantitative evaluation of autoradiograms yields, at the cellular level, a significantly higher labeling index in granular cells (3.21%) than in clear cells (0.65%), with a large variability dependent on the histological structure. The highest number of DNA synthetizing cells is seen in papillary and mixed solid-tubular zones and at peripheral parts of solid areas, whereas in central parts of solid tumor cords and in highly differentiated tubular areas lower labeling indices are observed. The labeling index decreases exponentially as a function of the distance from the supporting blood vessel. In solid cords, no labeled cells are seen at a distance of more than 200 micron from the capillary. The ts determined by 3H/14C-thymidine double labeling is between 9.9 and 16.8 hr for granular cells and about 9.2 hr for clear cells. Potential population doubling time calculated for various subpopulations yields values between 4 and 50 days. It is concluded that cell loss is high, for granular cells in particular. Besides cell loss, a large nonproliferating compartment contributes to a delay of the tumor volume doubling time. Proliferative heterogeneity of advanced human tumors, as exemplified by the renal adenocarcinoma, bears important implications for therapy and prognosis.
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PMID:Analysis of proliferative compartments in human tumors. I. Renal adenocarcinoma. 47 95

A chondrosarcoma arising in the posterior cricoid plate is presented. The tumour gave rise to increasing inspiratory stridor: laryngectomy was performed. The tumour consisted of loose cartilaginous tissue with great predominance of highly differentiated cartilage cells and only small areas with nuclear polymorphism. This complicated the differential diagnosis between chondroma and highly differentiated chondrosarcoma. From the fact that the patient died from massive pulmonary metastases 3 1/2 years later, it is evident that the degree of malignancy of cartilaginous tumours should be determined even on small polymorphic foci. The DNA histogram for the foci of the laryngeal tumour with atypia differed distinctly from those for benign chondroma and normal cartilage, but resembled those of the pulmonary and splenic metastases and of a nasal chondrosarcoma. Photometric examination may provide an aid in the difficult differential diagnosis between chondroma and highly differentiated chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:Chondrosarcoma of the larynx. 51 66

Two dimethyltriazenoimidazoles, DTIC and BRL 51308, and a benzenoid dimethyltriazene, CB 10286, have been examined for their effects in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. A slight reduction of primary tumor growth was found after treatment with DTIC and BRL 51308, whereas CB 10286 caused no significant effect. On the contrary, all the tested compounds sharply reduced the number of lung metastases and also resulted in a high proportion of animals free of metastases at death. No significant cytotoxic effect of the triazenes was observed in small established pulmonary tumors, as determined by evaluating the effects of treatment on the fractional incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA of the lung colonies. These results are in contrast to those obtained with a purely cytotoxic agent, cyclophosphamide, and indicate that all three triazene derivatives tested have selective antimetastatic properties.
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PMID:Antimetastatic action of some triazene derivatives against the Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. 65 57


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