Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In view of the possible role of platelets and coagulation mechanisms in the growth and dissemination of solid tumors, a number of hematological parameters were followed during development of an experimental syngeneic tumor in mice, Lewis lung carcinoma. This tumor, when transplanted i.m. in C57BL/6 mice, grows locally and spontaneously metastasizes to the lungs. The transplanted animals survive for about 4 weeks. Metastases are visible from the third week. A slight but constant increase in plasma fibrinogen level and marked thrombocytopenia were first observed during the second week after tumor implantation. No other significant changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were detected. Moreover, the animals developed marked hemolytic anemia, possibly microangiopathic in origin. 125I-labelled fibrinogen survival was decreased by about 20% during the second week after tumor implantation and was not further reduced later. Fibrinogen turnover was progressively accelerated, being more than doubled by the end of the third week. Labeled fibrinogen accumulated in the primary tumor and in the lungs (its rate of disappearance from the tumor was much slower than that from lungs or blood). 51Cr-labeled platelet survival did not change throughout the observation period, whereas platelet turnover was markedly reduced from the end of the second week, suggesting defective platelet production. 51Cr-labeled RBC survival was drastically reduced to about 30% of the controls starting from the second week. The occurence of low-grade, localized intravascular coagulation could be suggested on the basis of these data. Moreover, when Lewis lung carcinoma cells were abruptly injected i.v. through the tall vein, more impressive signs of intravascular coagulation could be seen. Indeed, there was a rapid decrease in the number of platelets, a reduction in fibrinogen, and an increase in fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products. The effects of i.v. injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells indicate a relevant interference of cancer cells with the hematostatic system. In contrast, the tenuous evidence fo coagulation disorders in animals receiving injections of tumor cells i.m. seems to indicate a limited effect on hemostasis of the same cells during i.m. tumor growth.
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PMID:Blood coagulation changes in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma, a metastasizing tumor. 83 Apr 14

This study demonstrates the unique clinical and histologic aspects of fibrolamellar hepatic carcinoma, a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Three cases are reviewed and an extensive study of immunologic and intracellular substances defining this tumor is presented. Length of survival was considerably longer than typical hepatoma. The cause of death generally is due to a lack of control of the primary tumor. Successful treatment appears to relate to the ability to perform a total excision of the primary hepatic tumor. Chemotherapy should be used only in the presence of metastatic disease. Surgical resection of metastatic disease, unlike the usual hepatocarcinoma, may have some beneficial use. Fibrinogen was found in all tumors. It is possible that this tumor produces fibrinogen to create its unique histologic appearance. Carcinoembryonic antigen is described for the first time in this tumor. Both deposits of alpha-1 antitrypsin and copper were found in most of the tissues studied. The presence and amounts of these substances differ markedly from the common type of hepatoma. This unique composition of intracellular components may both facilitate histologic diagnosis, particularly if the amount of tissue is limited, and give further insight into the etiology of this tumor.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. Review of three cases and the presentation of a characteristic set of tumor markers defining this tumor. 240 35

Platelet function following inoculation of chemically induced carcinoma was evaluated in the rat. The original line of tumor (NGW1) was obtained using N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine. After trypsin homogenation a cell suspension of 0.3 X 10(6) viable tumor cells was injected subserosally in the cecum of each animal. Controls received injections of equal volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution or trypsin. The animals were subjected to laparotomy 2, 4, and 6 weeks after inoculation. Platelet function was assessed in vivo by measuring bleeding time and blood loss during mesenteric vessel transection or liver resection upon laparotomy. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2, platelet factor 4, and fibrinogen levels were evaluated after sacrifice by exsanguination. Significant decrease in bleeding time and blood loss was observed in animals with local primary tumors as well as in rats with lymph node metastases. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased in the presence of metastases. Platelet count was not changed. Activated partial thromboplastin time was not affected by the presence of tumor. Platelet aggregation in vitro was accelerated in the presence of primary tumor or lymph node metastases, as well as following addition of tumor cells to platelet suspensions. No changes in thromboxane B2 or platelet factor 4 could be registered. Fibrinogen levels were decreased in the presence of liver metastases. Enhancement of primary hemostasis and platelet function in the presence of colon carcinoma in the rat was demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. Direct or indirect interaction of the tumor cell with thrombocytes may play a role in determining the metastatic potential of the neoplasm.
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PMID:Hemostasis following inoculation and during spreading of colon carcinoma in the rat. 375 13

Fibrinogen degradation products could be detected frequently in patients with metastasized tumour disease. Plasminogen, antithrombin III and fibrinogen were not found to be elevated. The proteinase inhibitors alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and C1-esterase inactivator were measured before and after chemotherapy. alpha 1-antitrypsin and C1-esterase inactivator were elevated in patients with pulmonary and/or retroperitoneal metastases. Regardless of the stage of the tumour disease serum level of alpha 1-antitrypsin and C1-esterase inactivator in increased under cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Proteinase inhibitors and fibrinogen split products in patients with malignant diseases (author's transl)]. 616 18

Fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were determined in a series of 98 patients with malignant urological tumors using a staphylococcal clumping test. The results are compared with the FDP of 61 urological patients without malignant tumors. No difference between the series of radically operated tumor patients and the control group could be found. The FDP in a series of patients with persistent tumors were clearly higher than those of the control group: especially the results for patients with renal cell carcinoma were significantly higher. The highest concentration of FDP was found in patients with metastases. Therefore, FDP in serum could be a possible tumor marker for patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Fibrinogen degradation products in urological malignant tumors. 673 Jan 12

Five cancer patients (three with lesions in the lung and one each with breast and head and neck cancer) with multiple metastases developed "migratory thrombophlebitis." These patients were not ambulatory. None of the patients showed a picture of "consumptive coagulopathy," although a "hypercoagulable state" was observed. Fibrinogen levels were normal or increased, FDP were slightly increased, and AT-III was decreased. Prior to heparin therapy, values for PT and PTT were within normal range. Sodium heparin, 30,000 to 36,000 units per day, was administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Despite prolongation of the PTT to twice the baseline levels, signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis persisted for several days. When thrombophlebitis was controlled with heparin, Coumadin therapy was instituted, but thrombophlebitis recurred at the original site and at new sites, even though the prothrombin time was in the therapeutic range (2 to 2 1/2 times the normal value). The antithrombotic action of heparin depends on a normal quantity of plasma AT-III. Long-term use of heparin is feasible, but the optimal time for discontinuation of heparin treatment has not been established. Heparin is superior to oral anticoagulation therapy to control thrombophlebitis associated with advanced cancer.
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PMID:Thrombophlebitis in cancer patients. 694 57

Fifty-three dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors were evaluated for abnormalities in the concentration and in vivo survival of platelets and fibrinogen. Thrombocytopenia occurred only in animals with extensive tumor involving spleen or marrow. Platelet survival was shortened in 6 of 15 (40%) dogs with localized tumor [mean 4.4 days +/- 0.3 (S.E.); normal 5.4 days +/- 0.1] and 30 of 35 (80%) dogs with metastatic tumor (mean 3.2 days +/- 0.2). Platelet survival progressively shortened during studies performed in dogs with ongoing disease. Fibrinogen concentration was increased (mean 420 +/- 30 mg/dl) in 44 of 53 (83%) of tumor-bearing dogs (normal 210 +/- 10 mg/dl). Neither history nor extent of disease, including presence of hepatic metastases, appeared to influence fibrinogen concentration significantly. Fibrinogen survival was below the normal range in 3 of 15 (20%) dogs with localized tumor and in 9 of 34 (26%) dogs with metastatic tumors. Thus, platelet consumption appeared to be the most significant hemostatic abnormality in tumor-bearing dogs. This model may be useful in evaluating the efficiency of antithrombotic therapy in preventing tumor-related hemostatic abnormalities.
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PMID:Platelet and fibrinogen kinetics in canine tumors. 721 25

Thirty-six patients with nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach, candidates for surgical laparotomy, were studied to evaluate the presence and extent of coagulation disorders in gastric cancer. They were staged according to TNM cancer staging (T: extent of primary tumor; N: lymph node involvement; M: presence of metastases), and a blood sample was collected before surgery. Platelets, platelet factor four (PF4), beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), activated partial thromboplastine time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), factors five (V) and seven (VII), fibrinogen, cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP), fibrinopeptide-A (Fp-A), and antithrombin three (AT III) were assayed. Only fibrinogen, Fp-A, PF4, and factors V and VII were increased in more than 50% of patients. Fibrinogen and Fp-A were positively correlated with T(r = 0.29, p < p < 0.05; and r = 0.35, p < 0.05; respectively), whereas the other parameters did not show any statistically significant relationship with T, N, and M. Considering the subgroups including only the patients with pathological values, Fp-A (31 patients) was positively correlated with N (r = 0.4, p < 0.05), PF4 (25 patients) showed a positive correlation with T and N (r = 0.42, p < 0.05; r = 0.46, p < 0.05; respectively), and a significantly higher median in the presence than in the absence of metastases (median in the M+ subgroup: 42.7 ng/ml, range 38.6 to 102.8; median in the M- subgroup: 33.7, range 20.3 to 85; p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Usefulness of coagulation markers in staging of gastric cancer. 755 75

The investigation of rather insensitive metabolic parameters (protein, fibrinogen, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose) reveals significant differences between tumor-bearing and tumor-free patients as well as benign and malignant neoplasms. Whereas metastases and glioblastomas (GBM) show significantly elevated BUN levels (21.9 +/- 1.7; 8 +/- 2.2 mg/dl) compared to benign tumors (meningioma WHO I, astrocytoma I, II) (16 +/- 0.9 mg/dl) and tumor-free matched controls (e.g. 13.9 +/- 1.4 mg/dl) only metastases depict higher glucose (141.7 +/- 11mg/dl) counts. Fibrinogen, significantly elevated in malignancy (395 +/- 25.2; 397.2 +/- 25.9 mg/dl) is without difference between meningioma, astrocytoma (253.2 +/- 16.6; 271.5 +/- 16.5 mg/dl) and controls (e.g. 270.1 +/- 10.8 mg/dl). Correlating BUN with total protein reveals a metabolic mismatch to nearly all tumor patients, regardless of dignity, as compared to tumor-free patients. Neuroendocrinoimmunological changes are the most likely reason for these overt as well as occult findings, making investigation of more sensitive metabolic parameters a rewarding task.
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PMID:Unspecific metabolic blood parameters as used in clinical routine may differentiate malignant from benign cerebral tumors. 765 23

Fibrinogen and factor XIII were measured in sixty-four women with recently detected gynaecological tumours. Twenty-six of these tumours were benign and 32 were malignant: of the last group, nine patients had metastases. No patient showed clinical signs of bleeding or thrombosis. A reference group consisted of 31 age-matched healthy women. For fibrinogen, no significant deviation between the patient groups and the control group was found. The median values of factor XIII were higher in the benign tumour group than in the control group. In patients with a gynaecological tumour and metastases, factor XIII was significantly lower than in the non-metastasized malignancy group or in the benign tumour group.
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PMID:Coagulation factor XIII in plasma of patients with benign and malignant gynaecological tumours. 786 23


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