Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An example of the rare papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas was diagnosed cytologically by aspiration of the primary neoplasm. Subsequently, it metastasized, proving its low-grade malignant behavior. Diagnostic cytomorphologic features included abundant straight and branched papillary tissue fragments, and uniform, pale nuclei with folds or grooves. Although the primary tumor had a typical histologic appearance, metastases demonstrated increased nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia, bizarre tumor giant cells, and an increased mitotic rate. Vimentin was diffusely positive, whereas neuron-specific enolase and somatostatin were focally and weakly reactive. Neurosecretory and zymogen granules were absent ultrastructurally. By flow cytometric study, the tumor was aneuploid (DNA Index = 1.3).
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PMID:Malignant papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas. 169 76

The value of immunocytochemistry and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) for the histogenetic identification and the estimation of the proliferative potential of brain tumors was assessed by the investigation of imprint smears of 51 neurosurgical tumor specimens. A panel of five monoclonal antibodies was used to cover a broad range of immunohistochemical markers. For the assessment of NORs, a silver staining technique (AgNOR) was used. NORs were enumerated and measured by means of an interactive image analysis system. The immunocytochemical results were similar for the smears and paraffin-embedded sections for 95.6% of the investigations performed and for 76.2% of the cases. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was positive in 9 of 17 tumors of glial origin, but was negative in 9 metastatic tumors. Vimentin was positive in 10 of 10 and fibronectin in 9 of 10 meningiomas investigated. The number of NORs increased steadily with the increasing grade of malignancy. Especially in glioblastomas, the number of NORs per cell exhibited a wide range, which might reflect the heterogeneity of these neoplasms. Metastases revealed a higher number of NORs per cell than did glioblastomas. In the cytologic differential diagnosis of these tumors, an absence of GFAP expression combined with a high NOR count is suggestive of a metastatic tumor.
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PMID:Assessment of histogenesis and proliferative potential in cytologic specimens of human brain tumors. Value of immunocytochemistry and nucleolar organizer regions. 169 1

Two female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 10 and 24 years old) developed microcytic anemia and became terminally ill. At necropsy, large gastric masses were present, and, in one case, there were widespread abdominal metastases. Except for slightly atypical patterns, at the light microscopic level, the lesions resembled smooth muscle tumors. Ultrastructurally, however, cells in both tumors resembled primitive mesenchyme, while in one of the tumors, there were some characteristics of Schwann cells. No ultrastructural features of smooth muscle were present in either tumor. Vimentin and S-100 were detected immunohistochemically in both tumors. S-100 staining was more intense in the tumor with ultrastructural features of Schwann cells. Actin and desmin were not expressed in either gastric tumor, but diffusely stained a uterine tumor that was concomitantly present in one of the rhesus monkeys. The uterine tumor also exhibited typical ultrastructural features of smooth muscle. In the past, gastrointestinal stromal tumors in all species were thought to be of smooth muscle origin. Recently in human pathology, this conventional viewpoint has given way to the realization that there is a spectrum of neural crest and mesenchymal tumors. We report two gastric stromal tumors in two rhesus monkeys that histologically resembled smooth muscle tumors but were of neuroectodermal and primitive mesenchymal origin.
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PMID:Gastric stromal tumors in two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). 201 25

The cytoskeleton is considered to be important for maintaining cell shape and facilitating cell movement. In the present study, the expression of cytoskeletal components is examined in benign and malignant melanocytic skin tumors. Paraffin sections of 75 cases (25 each of nevocellular nevus, primary malignant melanoma, and cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma) were stained with antibodies to tubulin, myosin, actin, and vimentin using a three-step immunoperoxidase method. The staining results were assessed independently for tumor cells and stroma cells in comparison to inbuilt reference structures. Vimentin is found in all melanocytic lesions in the tumor as well as in the stroma cells. In malignant lesions, the tumor cell staining intensity varies between neighboring regions; particularly in malignant melanoma the staining is pronounced in the tumor periphery (chi 2 test: p less than 0.05). Actin is only weakly positive in nevus cells and primary melanoma tumor cells, but strongly expressed in metastatic tumor cells (p less than 0.001). Nevus fibroblasts are only weakly positive, whereas the stroma fibroblasts in the malignant lesions are strongly positive (p less than 0.001). The same is true for myosin and tubulin expression in dermal fibroblasts (p less than 0.001), whereas the tumor cells are equally (weakly) positive in all melanocytic lesions. Our study shows that there are significant differences in the immunohistochemical expression of cytoskeletal components in various melanocytic tumors. There is an elevated expression of vimentin and actin in the tumor cells, particularly of metastatic lesions. However, the most pronounced differences are found in the dermal fibroblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of cytoskeletal components in melanocytic skin lesions. An immunohistochemical study. 202 88

Mixed mesodermal tumors and carcinosarcomas of the uterus are classified as sarcomas. However, in other sites, malignant biphasic tumors may be classified as carcinomas, mesotheliomas, or sarcomas. In order to clarify their behavior and patterns of differentiation, we performed a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 22 cases aimed at analyzing the pattern of spread and histologic appearance of the metastasis, as well as the distribution of intermediate filaments in the primary tumor and the metastasis. Four monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were used to detect epithelial lineage, three that recognize keratin (AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, MAK6) and one that recognizes epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). A Mab against vimentin was also used. Metastases involved the omentum, pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, liver parenchyma, and tonsil. These metastases were composed of carcinoma only. Lymphatic/vascular invasion was identified in 11 cases; it consisted exclusively of carcinoma. In all 12 cases evaluated immunohistochemically, keratin and EMA were identified in the majority of the cells in the epithelial component and in a more focal distribution in the spindle cell component in 11 (92%). Vimentin was detected in the majority of spindle cells in nine cases (75%) and in a more focal distribution in the epithelial component in six cases (50%). In the spindle cell component, keratin and EMA were present in widely scattered individual spindle-shaped and rounded cells, within solid clusters of rounded cells, and in nests of cells with small lumens. The distribution of keratin, EMA, and vimentin in the metastases (carcinoma in all instances) was similar to the epithelial component in the primary tumor. Our findings indicate that the epithelial component of these tumors invades lymphatic/vascular spaces and metastasizes, whereas the spindle cell component has limited metastatic potential, if any. Since the behavior of these neoplasms is dictated by the epithelial element, we believe that mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus should be classified as carcinomas rather than sarcomas.
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PMID:The significance of epithelial differentiation in mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. 215 43

Hepatocellular carcinoma cells obtained from ascitic fluid after diethylnitrosamine treatment of Sewall Wright strain-2 guinea pigs produce solid (primary) tumors, lymph-node metastases and malignant ascites when reinjected into animals of the same strain. When brought into culture the cells settle, form multilayer cultures and can be maintained in passage. In addition to epithelium-specific cytokeratin intermediate filaments (IF), these latter cells, like most cultured cells, also contain vimentin. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells in solid tumors and in metastatic tumors retain their original keratin IF and in general do not have an additional vimentin-IF system. When the tumor cells are present in ascites they develop vimentin-IF in addition to cytokeratin filaments. Vimentin is gradually lost when these cells sediment onto the peritoneal surface and proliferate continuously to form papillary projections, or when they are detected as circumscribed metastases. It seems likely, therefore, that in this system the synthesis of an additional vimentin cytoskeleton is related to reduced cell-to-cell contact and to the ability of the cells to survive individually or as cell clusters in body fluids, without being part of a cohesive tissue.
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PMID:Changing intermediate-sized filament patterns in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells of the guinea pig. 242 67

In an effort to establish their possible histogenesis, three cases of renal rhabdoid tumour and their metastases were studied both by a battery of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique and by electron microscopy. Vimentin was demonstrated in renal rhabdoid tumour in two cases and in all metastatic deposits. Cytokeratin (39, 43 and 50 kD) was not demonstrable in the three renal rhabdoid tumours, but was strongly positive in all metastatic lesions in one case. Epithelial membrane antigen was present in one renal rhabdoid tumour and in pulmonary metastases in two cases. Ultrastructural study showed epithelial differentiation in all tumours: basal lamina and convergent tight junctions were demonstrated; intracytoplasmic intermediate filaments were present in all primary and metastatic tumours. Rhabdoid tumours thus exhibited heterogeneous immunophenotypic expression suggesting that they are derived from mesenchymal cells which are capable of differentiating into epithelial cells.
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PMID:Malignant renal rhabdoid tumour. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. 246 54

Two patients had unusual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in a burn scar. The SCCs rapidly recurred and metastasized after radical operation, and the patients died of disseminated metastases. Histopathologically, the SCC was poorly differentiated and consisted of acantholytic round cells that diffusely proliferated into the deep dermis. However, small, solid nests composed of squamoid cells were focally observed. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the acantholytic round neoplastic cells expressed not only keratin but also vimentin, and the coexpression was substantiated with double immunostaining. Vimentin-positive SCC composed of acantholytic round neoplastic cells may be a highly malignant subset of cutaneous SCC.
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PMID:Vimentin-positive squamous cell carcinoma arising in a burn scar. A highly malignant neoplasm composed of acantholytic round keratinocytes. 248 81

We review 111 cases of rhabdoid tumor of kidney (RTK), including 79 entered on the National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS). Median age at diagnosis was 11 months, with a range from 0 to 106 months. The male:female ratio was 1.5:1. Gross features included a characteristic involvement of perihilar renal parenchyma. A wide histological spectrum was encountered, including nine major morphological patterns (classical, epithelioid, sclerosing, lymphomatoid, histiocytoid, etc.). These appearances invite confusion with other renal neoplasms. Ultrastructural studies were performed in 20 cases; immunocytochemical studies were performed in 11. Vimentin was demonstrated in all tumors; epithelial membrane antigen was seen in 7. Nonspecific decoration of cytoplasmic inclusions by a variety of immunostains was found in several cases. Several findings suggested that RTK might arise from primitive cells involved in formation of the renal medulla. There was no evidence of a histogenetic relationship to Wilms' tumor, although RTK may overlap with mesoblastic nephroma and clear cell sarcoma. Of the 70 NWTS patients with adequate follow-up, 56 (80%) have died. Every patient presenting with distant metastases died, whereas 10 of 20 with negative nodes survived. Survival rates were higher for girls (56.3% versus 11.1%). None of the histological variables had independent prognostic significance.
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PMID:Rhabdoid tumor of kidney. A report of 111 cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Pathology Center. 254 25

This report describes a positive relationship between vimentin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, and high tumour growth fraction. Vimentin expression is potentially a predictor of aggressive behaviour, and such carcinomas may benefit from early adjuvant therapy. Eighty-four malignant breast neoplasms were stained with monoclonal anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin antibodies. The tumour growth fractions were determined by immunostaining cryostat sections with the Ki-67 antibody. Seven (9.2 per cent) of 76 infiltrating ductal carcinomas co-expressed cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filaments in more than 50 per cent of neoplastic cells. In each case, the corresponding Ki-67 count was much greater than 40 per cent, significantly higher than the mean growth fraction for all tumours examined (P less than 0.0001). Vimentin immunoreactivity was also positively related to the histological grade of the ductal carcinomas (P less than 0.002) and inversely related to tumour ER count (P less than 0.0002) and patient age (P less than 0.01). No relationship was observed between vimentin positivity and either the presence of axillary nodal metastases or primary tumour size.
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PMID:Vimentin--a new prognostic parameter in breast carcinoma? 254 48


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