Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case of a female patient with an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is reported, and 28 cases in the literature are reviewed. In our case, the serum AFP level declined drastically after removal of the tumor, but increased when widespread metastases appeared. AFP was detected in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells by immunohistochemical staining. Immunoelectron microscopic studies revealed AFP on the endoplasmic reticulum of the cancer cells. Of the 28 cases with AFP-producing pancreatic cancer, liver metastases were identified in 21 cases (76% overall). There was no correlation between the serum AFP level and liver metastases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed localization of AFP at the primary lesion in 6 out of eight cases tested. In cases of AFP-producing pancreatic cancer, serum AFP levels are useful for the diagnosis and as a marker for evaluating recurrent disease and therapeutic response, and for the management of gastrointestinal disease it should be remembered that some pancreatic cancers produce AFP.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing pancreatic cancer--a case report and review of 28 cases. 138 Apr 76

We have examined the microscopic appearance, immunohistochemical staining properties, and clinical behavior of 28 cases of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Two of the tumors occurred in children. The adult patients ranged in age from 40 to 81 years (mean, 62 years). Males greatly outnumbered females, and most of the patients were white. Presenting symptoms were nonspecific, and jaundice was infrequent. The frequently reported complications from increased serum lipase levels (i.e., arthralgias and subcutaneous fat necrosis) were present in only 16% of the patients. Grossly, the tumors were relatively circumscribed and fleshy, averaging 10.8 cm, with occasionally extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, the tumors were very cellular and characteristically lacked a desmoplastic stroma. Acinar, solid, trabecular, and glandular patterns of growth were identified; individual tumors were usually mixed. Nuclei were round to oval, with minimal pleomorphism and single prominent nucleoli. Mitotic activity was variable. In general the cytoplasm was moderately abundant, eosinophilic, and granular, but many of the solid tumors had cells with scanty cytoplasm. Characteristic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules were demonstrated in greater than 90% of the cases, and the butyrate esterase histochemical stain for lipase activity was positive in 73%. Immunohistochemically, there was positivity for trypsin in 100% of the cases, for lipase in 77%, for chymotrypsin in 38%, and for amylase in 31%. A minor endocrine component was recognized with antibodies against chromogranin or islet cell hormones in 42% of the tumors. Ultrastructurally, exocrine secretory features were present, with polarized cells showing microvillilined lumina, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and 125-1,000-nm zymogen-like granules. In addition, many cases showed pleomorphic electron-dense granules measuring up to 3,500 nm and containing fibrillary internal structures. Follow-up information was available in 88% of the cases. Half of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation and an additional 23% subsequently developed metastases, which were usually restricted to the regional lymph nodes and liver. The mean survival for all cases was 18 months, with 1- and 3-year survivals of 57 and 26%, respectively. Patients presenting before age 60 years survived nearly twice as long as older patients did. Stage also influenced prognosis, whereas the histologic subtype of the tumors and the location within the pancreas correlated only weakly with survival.
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PMID:Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of 28 cases. 138 74

90 primary breast carcinomas and 18 metastases were immunostained for c-erbB-2 protein and neuron specific enolase. 30 tumours were c-erbB-2 negative and NSE positive, 23 tumours were NSE negative and c-erbB-2 positive. 1 tumour expressed focal immunoreactivity for both markers. 54 of the 108 tumours (50%) did not express either marker. Hormone immunoreactivity was present in single cells and in small groups of cells in 18 of the 31 NSE positive tumours. Bombesin, neurotensin and prealbumin were present in 4 cases each, followed by beta-endorphin and VIP in 3 cases each, leu-enkephalin in 2 cases and gastrin, serotonin, substance P, glucagon and somatostatin in 1 case each. None of 10 NSE negative breast carcinomas were comprised of cells expressing immunoreactivity for hormones. By immunoelectron microscopic examination the c-erbB-2 protein was shown to be present on the cell membrane, on smooth areas, microvilli and in coated pits. Immunoreactivity was also expressed in vesicles in cytoplasm and along rough endoplasmic reticulum. The study shows that c-erbB-2 protein expression and neuroendocrine activity are present in different tumour cell populations. This supports the hypothesis that the presence of c-erbB-2 protein, indicating an elevated cellular tyrosine kinase activity with stimulation of growth, intracellular Ca++, and phosphatidylinositol derivates, means that the same cell does not need regulation of the same factors by stimulation of peptide hormone receptors. Thus the production of autocrine and paracrine factors is switched off.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 protein and neuroendocrine expression in breast carcinomas. 167 29

A case of clival chordoma in a 4-year-old girl is presented. The tumor regrew rapidly after it was partially removed, and the patient died after a clinical course of 11 months. An autopsy revealed a massive clival mass and widespread metastases in the dura mater, skull bone, bilateral lungs, liver, sternum, left humerus, and vertebrae. Pathological findings showed that the tumor cells were poorly differentiated, with a rare, but typical, physaliphorous appearance. The presence of epithelial differentiation proteins, mitochondria surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum, and desmosomes was demonstrated in the tumor cells both immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Thus, the tumor was diagnosed as a chordoma. The literature pertaining to intracranial chordoma in early childhood is reviewed. Rapid growth and distant metastases may occur in chordomas at a young age.
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PMID:Chordoma in early childhood: a clinicopathological study. 192 14

This report describes the light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) features and the results of an indirect immunofluorescence study (IF), the latter using monoclonal and monospecific antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins, of a malignant, invasive and metastatic breast myoepithelioma. A 53-year-old female underwent mastectomy for a large necrotic mammary tumor that had invaded the overlying skin. By LM, the neoplasm was composed of interlacing bundles of large, elongated and interspersed stellate cells with acidophilic cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells displayed a moderate degree of anaplasia, high mitotic activity, and strong tendency for necrosis. Stromal desmoplasia was marked, especially toward the center of the neoplasm. By IF, the tumor cells revealed bright cytoplasmic fluorescence with antibodies to actin, prekeratin, and cytokeratin. A few scattered spindle cells, which stained with the anti-vimentin and anti-actin anti-bodies, most likely represented stromal myofibroblasts. The anti-desmin reaction was negative. By EM, the neoplasm was composed of variably differentiated, elongated and stellate myoepithelial cells connected by desmosomes, enveloped by remnants of basal lamina, and containing pinocytotic vesicles, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi areas, aggregates of intermediate filaments that were often arranged in dense curvilinear bundles (tonofilaments), and bundles of microfilaments with fusiform, dense bodies. The combined LM, EM, and IF study of this mammary tumor establishes its myoepithelial origin and, thus, identifies it as myoepithelial carcinoma distinct from other spindle cell breast tumors. This neoplasms was locally invasive and cytologically malignant; moreover, its malignancy was further confirmed by the development of lung and pleural metastases.
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PMID:Malignant myoepithelioma (myoepithelial carcinoma) of the breast: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study. 241

Primary tumor of the aorta is extremely rare. An instance of aortic intimal sarcoma, namely fibromyxosarcoma, which extended from the beginning of the descending aorta to 7 cm above the abdominal bifurcation, with clinical evidence of acutely occurring hypertension, arterial embolism of the lower extremities, renal infarction, and aortic occlusion in a 50-year-old male is reported. The tumor was limited to the intima and composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells with abundant myxoid extracellular matrices. The tumor cells were negative for Factor VIII, Desmin, or Myoglobin, but were positive for Vimentin or Factor XIIIa in immunoperoxidase studies. An electron microscopic examination revealed a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Parenchymal metastases were observed in both the lungs and thoracic vertebrae. A review of literature on the clinical and pathological aspects of the tumor was made.
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PMID:A case of aortic intimal sarcoma manifested with acutely occurring hypertension and aortic occlusion. 258 79

The cytologic, cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings on the aspirated material are presented for the case of a 57-year-old man with sacrococcygeal chordoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Cytologically, two types of cellular elements were differentiated: medium-sized cells with few cytoplasmic vacuoles and classic physaliferous cells. Both types showed marked cytoplasmic positivity for keratin and S-100 protein; the absence of nuclear positivity in the physaliferous cells was notable. Ultrastructural study demonstrated the existence of true intracytoplasmic vacuoles and frequent rough endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria complexes. The cytologic differential diagnosis with chondrosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, ependymoma and metastases of mucosecretory carcinomas is reviewed.
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PMID:Cytologic, cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural diagnosis of a sacrococcygeal chordoma in a fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen. 264 45

U937 cells, transformed human monocyte/macrophage precursors, incubated with 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), a competitive in vitro and in vivo inhibitor of arachidonic acid, develop properties consistent with a form of cellular differentiation. In order to define the extent of this differentiation and decide whether a monocyte or macrophage-like cell developed, control cells and cells cultured for three days with 40 microns ETYA were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Control cells were characterized by oval nuclei, a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, a cytoplasm with a relative paucity of mitochondria, vesicles and vacuoles, and a Golgi apparatus that was not extensively developed. Ribosomes and putative ribosome-like granules were frequently "grouped" in the cytoplasm, rather than as single granules or in association with the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane included a discrete region of fimbriated structures that were distinct from pseudopodia. Such structures frequently are expressed in embryonic and transformed cells and may be associated with motility, metastases, with immunologic reactions or with endocytosis. After culture with 40 microns ETYA for three or more days, a morphology consistent with that of immature monocytes developed. These characteristics included lobulated nuclei, a reversal of the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, an increased complexity and development of the cytoplasmic components and the disappearance of the fimbriated plasma membrane structures. In addition, "grouped" ribosomes were less evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid-induced differentiation of U937 cells. 275 Dec 42

A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma found in a 7-year-old Holstein cow was studied by light and electron microscopy. There was a primary site in the subcutaneous tissue at the base of the neck and metastases in the lungs, pleura, broncho-mediastinal lymph nodes, kidneys and heart. The neoplasm was composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue, myxoid tissue and chondroid tissue. The neoplastic cells of the former two tissues were characterized by desmosome-like junctions and moderate to small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
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PMID:Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a cow. 279 51

A case of a 58-year-old woman with an unusual variant of malignant islet-cell tumor showing oncocytic features is described. Using the light microscopy technique, the tumor appeared comprised of solid nests of uniform cells with abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei with granular chromatin. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained numerous abnormal mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and scattered dense-core neurosecretory granules, often associated with cytoplasmic filaments. Tumor cells were focally immunoreactive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin and diffusely immunoreactive for alpha 1-antitrypsin as assayed by the avidin--biotin technique. The tumor was immunonegative for human chorionic gonadotropin, gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and serotonin. The patient exhibited some of the clinical features associated with glucagonoma syndrome, including diabetes mellitus and chronic diarrhea. The tumor behaved in a malignant fashion, with widespread lymphatic involvement and bony metastases at the time of presentation. This report of an oncocytic islet-cell carcinoma supports the concept of oncocytic differentiation in islet-cell tumors in a fashion analagous to oncocytic carcinoids.
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PMID:Functioning oncocytic islet-cell carcinoma. Report of a case with electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical confirmation. 300 44


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