Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine of 34 (26%) consecutive patients with different endocrine gastrointestinal tumors had increased levels of plasma neurotensinlike immunoreactivity in the fasting state. This was the case in 6 of 18 (33%) patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors and in 3 of 16 (19%) patients with gut tumors. Only 1 of 13 patients with midgut tumors had increased plasma-neurotensinlike immunoreactivity, despite the fact that most of the normal neurotensin-containing cells are located in the midgut. In 3 of 4 cases the concentration of plasma-neurotensinlike immunoreactivity decreased after streptozotocin or surgical treatment. In 1 patient, increasing levels of plasma-neurotensinlike immunoreactivity were found several months before the onset of clinical symptoms or signs of relapse after surgical treatment. Neurotensin was found in extracts of primary tumors and metastases. Plasma-neurotensinlike immunoreactivity in patients with "neurotensinomas" represents more than one molecular form, including neurotensin(1-13) and neurotensin(1-8). Neurotensin(1-8) in plasma may be a degradation product of neurotensin(1-13) released from the tumor tissue. We have not been able to relate any specific symptoms to elevated plasma-neurotensinlike immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Neurotensinlike immunoreactivity in plasma and tumor tissue from patients with endocrine tumors of the pancreas and gut. 630 4

The value of CT in the investigation of mesenteric tumours was studied in 21 patients. It is possible to differentiate mesenteric cysts from sarcomas, and CT provides information concerning the size, localisation, structure and extent of the tumour and the degree of infiltration. Density measurements provide evidence concerning the structure of the lesion, whether it is liquid, lipomatous, myxoid or osseous. Only rarely is it possible to make a histological diagnosis. Localised infiltration of the gut cannot be recognised, but diffuse intra- and retro-peritoneal tumour spread can be seen by CT. Ascites, intra-peritoneal and haematogenous metastases are rare from mesenteric sarcomas.
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PMID:[Computed tomography in primary mesenteric tumors]. 642 Feb 63

The effect of dietary cholesterol on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis was evaluated with two different sets of experiments. Starting at 6 weeks of age, male Donryu rats were divided into four groups, and fed either control chow or one supplemented with 1% cholesterol, and with or without AOM (11 weekly s.c. injections at a dosage of 7.4 mg/kg body weight). The rats were sacrificed at 20 weeks after (first experiment) and at 15 weeks after (second experiment) the last injection of AOM. The AOM-treated groups in both experiments developed tumors in the colon and small intestine, whereas no tumors were seen in the AOM-untreated groups. An interesting observation was that cholesterol feeding significantly increased the number of colon tumors/rat and the number of animals with distant metastases to several organs. Tumor growth and invasiveness were also enhanced, but not significantly. Both bile acids and neutral sterols in the feces were markedly increased in the rats fed the 1% cholesterol supplement (2-3 fold and 5-6 fold, respectively). According to these results, it might be postulated that dietary cholesterol revealed potent promoting effects on AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis through the mechanism of increasing excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols in the gut.
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PMID:Effect of dietary cholesterol on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. 685 Sep 86

Mebendazole, its fluorine analogue flubendazole, and other benzimidazole derivatives are active against many gastrointestinal and tissue-stage helminths. This article reviews the published literature and proceedings of a workshop on the use of benzimidazoles against larval echinococcosis (hydatid disease). Orally administered high doses (30-50 mg/kg body weight) of mebendazole given daily for 20-90 days to rodents or sheep infected with larval Echinococcus granulosus cause damage of destruction of the cyst wall, loss of cyst fluid, and death of protoscolices. Similar treatment of rodents infected with E. multilocularis with mebendazole, flubendazole, fenbendazole, and albendazole for 60-300 days leads to reduction of weight, inhibition of growth and the metastases formation of E. multilocularis tissue, and to prolonged host survival time although the metacestodes are not killed. Mebendazole or flubendazole treatment of human patients infected with E. granulosus is followed by subjective improvement in most, and evidence of regression of cysts in some; in other patients, cysts continue to grow or have been proven viable even after several months of high-dose mebendazole therapy. In patients infected with E. Multilocularis, the progressive course of the disease appeared to be arrested, but treatment apparently did not kill the parasite. Side effects of some patients have included allergic reactions, alopecia, and reversible neutropenia. Some possible reasons for different responses to treatment include inadequate plasma drug absorption from the gut and age, condition, and location of cysts. Many remaining questions concerning the risk versus benefits of mebendazole therapy can be answered only through controlled clinical trials.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for larval echinococcosis in animals and humans: report of a workshop. 704 54

Conventional transcutaneous ultrasound examinations are often compromised by intervening pulmonary or bowel gas and have limited resolution. Ultrasonic probes of frequencies greater than 5 MHz, which enhance resolution, cannot be used successfully on the skin surface, because they do not penetrate deeply enough to view intraabdominal organs in most adults. To overcome these problems, we tested an ultrasonic endoscope which had a 10-MHz, 64-element linear assay, generated real-time images at resolutions of less than 1 mm, and was an integral part of a 35-mm-long and 13-mm-wide endoscopic rigid tip. Thirty-two studies were performed in 15 healthy subjects, 4 patients with pancreatic cancer and 6 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 1 patient each with a gastric ulcer and a suspected pancreatic abscess. We demonstrated that this procedure is safe, provides high resolution real-time ultrasound visualization of the heart, aorta, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and gastrointestinal mucosa and can detect moderate-sized pancreatic tumors and hepatic metastases less than 1 cm in diameter. Because endoscopic visualization of gastrointestinal mucosa and ultrasound examination of extraluminal organs can be obtained during a single procedure, rapid differentiation among mucosal and intramural disease of the hollow gut and disease of extraluminal organs should be possible with this diagnostic technique.
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PMID:Human endoscopic ultrasonography. 710 13

A mass associated with the gastrointestinal tract was detected by sonography in 33 patients. Etiologies included primary or metastatic tumor; intussusception; inflammation secondary to bowel infarction, pancreatitis, or irradiation; and a dilated, fluid-filled gut related to retained gastric contents, obstruction, ileus, or an ileal bypass. Mesenteric or omental changes were identified with inflammation and frequently with metastatic disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by repeat sonography, abdominal radiography, barium examination of the small bowel, computed tomography, surgery, or autopsy. Ultrasound patterns are characteristic in tumor, intussusception, and inflammation; specific features allowing differentiation between tumor and inflammation are described. Colonic haustra, valvulae conniventes, or bowel contours and peristalsis on real-time sonography are helpful in identifying fluid-filled bowel loops.
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PMID:Ultrasound patterns of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. 736 Sep 50

The hypothesis is considered that the tissue block relevant to optimal cure encompasses the integral visceral mesentery of the hind gut, or mesorectum. Surgical technique can recreate the tissue planes around an intact globular specimen which must not be torn or the margin compromised. This emphasis on the "perfect tumour package" has reduced the local recurrence rates in a consecutive personal series of 333 rectal cancer operations to 4% in those operated upon for cure. If patients with metastases or residual disease at presentation are included, the figure increases to 7%. Introduction of selective pre-operative high dose radiotherapy (DXT) for locally unfavourable cancers has combined with further attention to surgical detail to achieve a 5-year follow-up period (January 1990-January 1995) without a single case of locally recurrent disease. Problems remain with healing of the ultra-low anastomosis.
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PMID:Rectal cancer: the surgical options. 757 19

Leishmania major-derived flagella and nuclear fractions, and a combination of flagella and sand fly gut antigens were assessed for protection against L. major infection in BALB/c mice. Mice immunized with flagella antigen developed a severe infection while nuclear fraction-immunized animals were partially protected at the onset of infection from week 1 to 4 post challenge. A combination/cock tail of flagella and sand fly gut antigens protected animals at a later stage from week 10 to 14 post-infection. Surviving cocktail-immunized animals did not ulcerate, and parasites did not metastasize to the viscera. These results provide preliminary evidence of the potential of a cock tail antigen derived from Leishmania flagella and sand fly gut in the protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major.
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PMID:Experimental immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis using Leishmania major subcellular fractions alone or in combination with Phlebotomus duboscqi gut antigens. 758 48

Ectopic ACTH syndrome represents a cancer-induced amplification of a property [proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides production] normally present in the cells from which the cancer originated but with aberrant posttranslational processing of POMC resulting in a greatly elevated secretion of ACTH precursors. The classic ectopic ACTH-producing tumors described in the 1960s were highly malignant but more recently slowly growing tumors such as carcinoids are reported with increasing frequency. Clinical features of patients with ectopic ACTH were analyzed, including biochemical abnormalities, plasma ACTH, cortisol and urinary steroids. Dynamic tests such as high-dose dexamethasone suppression, metyrapone and ovine-CRH (oCRH) stimulation were explored, as well as inferior petrosal sinus ACTH sampling before and after oCRH. Among the tumor markers examined, elevation of ACTH precursors was uniformly present followed by increased output of calcitonin, gut hormones, oncofetal and placental hormones in decreasing order. Since more than 90% of ectopic ACTH tumors are neuroendocrine in nature exhibiting APUD characteristics, their 2 markers, neuron-specific enolase and chromogranins are very useful. The imaging procedures for localization of the tumor ranged from chest X-rays to computed tomography and magnetic resonance of the chest and abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography was also useful. Finally somatostatin receptor scintigraphy permitted demonstration of unrecognized tumors and/or metastases, even when the tumors were occult. The ACTH content, immunostaining for APUD markers and altered POMC processing were evaluated in ectopic tumors and/or metastases. Occult ectopic ACTH syndrome of more than 4-6 months of symptoms without the emergence of an obvious source was reviewed. Since the tumors are often clinically and biochemically undistinguishable from pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease, inferior petrosal sinus sampling for ACTH after oCRH stimulation established the diagnosis in over 90% of the cases. 60% of the occult tumors were thoracic carcinoids (3/4 bronchial carcinoids), followed by small cell lung cancer and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In 12% the primary etiology was not detected. The rare syndrome of ectopic CRH syndrome (6 published cases) leading to excessive stimulation of the pituitary which became hyperplastic and secreted excessive amounts of ACTH is discussed. Finally, the 12 published cases and 1 unreported patient with ectopic CRH-ACTH tumors were reviewed, the majority being metastatic small cell lung carcinomas, bronchial and thymic carcinoids.
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PMID:Ectopic ACTH syndrome. 762 46

Diseases of the skin and the gastrointestinal tract may occur together. It is important to examine the skin of everyone showing a gastrointestinal problem. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms in dermatologic diseases may occur with dysphagia, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and diarrhea with or without malabsorption. In general the cause is found in a genetic disorder, or it is infectious, drug-induced, inflammatory or related to a malignant disorder. Polyposis are hamartomatous tumors or result as an inflammatory reaction. All these syndromes may present with cutaneous lesions. As malignant degeneration of polyps often develops, the early diagnosis and preventive treatment is crucial. Inflammatory bowel disease is often associated with skin complications such as pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum. Malignant disorders in the gut may metastasize into the skin or may produce rather typical paraneoplastic changes.
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PMID:[Skin symptoms in gastrointestinal diseases]. 775 66


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