Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adrenocortical scintigraphy with iodine 131-19-iodocholesterol or selenium 75-6-selenomethylcholesterol was performed in 94 patients with proven or suspected adrenal disease. According to the final diagnosis, 36 patients suffered from primary aldosteronism, 33 from Cushing's syndrome, 8 from low renin hypertension, 6 from nonfunctioning adrenal tumour, 4 from simple obesity, 3 from adrenal metastases, 1 from congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 1 from virilizing adrenal adenoma, 1 from extraadrenal phaeochromocytoma, 1 from ganglioneuroma. Surgical confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in most cases. With a few exceptions, the scintigraphy results were consistent with the final diagnosis. The two tracers were equally effective adrenal scanning agents. Tracer concentration was measured in a number of surgical specimens, mostly from patients given selenocholesterol. This measurement in surgical samples has not been reported in previous studies with this agent. The results provided a direct validation of uptake measurements in vivo. The data, collected over a 17-year period, demonstrate that despite the advent of new imaging techniques, adrenal scintigraphy that gives both functional and morphologic information still has an important role in the diagnosis of adrenal disease.
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PMID:Clinical experience with the adrenal scanning agents iodine 131-19-iodocholesterol and selenium 75-6-selenomethylcholesterol. 174 5

A total of 89 subjects including 30 breast cancer patients with distal metastases, 29 patients with benign breast disease, and 30 healthy subjects were studied. Serum samples from these subjects were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Breast Cancer Serum Bank, Bethesda. Serum concentrations of vitamin A and its transport proteins (prealbumin and retinol-binding protein [RBP]), beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium were determined. For each of these parameters the mean for the breast cancer patients was lower than that of the healthy subjects. The differences between healthy subjects and patients with either breast cancer or benign breast disease were, however, statistically significant only in the case of RBP (p less than 0.05). In the case of vitamin A and its transport proteins these differences were reduced by comparing the cancer patients with the benign breast disease patients rather than with the healthy controls. This indicates that the low serum levels for those three parameters may be merely a consequence of disease in general rather than a feature of cancer per se.
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PMID:Serum vitamins A and E, beta-carotene, and selenium in patients with breast cancer. 262 Dec 91

This work includes results from studies on oesophageal cytopathology, dietary studies and the correlation of oesophageal cytological abnormalities and micronutrient blood levels in populations at risk for oesophageal carcinoma (OC) in remote rural areas of Southern Africa. The incidence of malignant lesions was 1.6 - 2.8%, and moderate to severe dysplastic lesions 0.5 - 1.8% in subjects aged over 35 years. Subjects 25-34 years of age showed malignant and dysplastic lesions in 0.8 and 1.3% respectively. Subjects younger than 24 years of age showed mild cytological lesions only. Early stages of OC were diagnosed in 8 patients. Three of them successfully underwent surgical intervention and are free from recurrence or metastases over a 3 year follow-up period. The incidence of mild oesophageal cytological lesions was inversely related to the frequency of the intake of green vegetables, fruit and animal proteins, and directly related to alcohol intake or tobacco smoking. A lower plasma concentration of vitamins A, E, B12 and folic acid was detected in individuals with cytological abnormalities. Of the mineral elements, only selenium, but not zinc, copper or magnesium was significantly related to the risk for OC on a regional or individual basis. An exceptionally low whole blood selenium level (58-72 ng/ml) and a relationship between its concentration and degree of cytological abnormalities were found.
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PMID:Oesophageal carcinoma: cytopathology and nutritional aspects in aetiology. 262 30

Diminished blood selenium levels have been associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in man, while dietary selenium supplementation reduces the incidence of experimental colon cancer in rats. However, no previously published data are available concerning selenium and the evolution of colon cancer from benign neoplastic colonic polyps through localized and metastatic cancer. To assess any influence of selenium on this polyp to cancer sequence, we measured plasma and erythrocyte selenium levels in colonoscopically and histologically evaluated patients with adenomatous polyps (group I), locally resectable colon cancer (group II), metastatic colon cancer (group III), and selected colonoscopy negative controls (group IV). We found no difference in selenium levels between groups IV versus groups I or II. Likewise, within group I, no difference in selenium was present for different polyp histologies or numbers of polyps. However, selenium levels did drop progressively (p = 0.028, ANOVA) from polyp (group I) to local cancer (group II, p = NS vs group I) to metastatic cancer (group III, p less than 0.05 vs group I or group II). Parallel changes were seen in both plasma and erythrocyte levels, suggesting that these selenium abnormalities are of long duration, reflecting tissue stores, and therefore capable of influencing cancer risk. We conclude that selenium stores may not be an important factor in the de novo formation of benign neoplastic colonic polyps. Although these data suggest that selenium does not affect the polyp-cancer sequence, it is possible that a subset of patients with polyps and the lowest selenium levels are at higher risk for malignant transformation. However, these human data do not support a significant role for selenium in colon carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Selenium status and the polyp-cancer sequence: a colonoscopically controlled study. 338 7

An inverse relationship exists between dietary selenium (Se) concentrations and the incidence of human breast cancer. The addition of Se to the diet has been shown to decrease the incidence of spontaneous murine mammary tumors. We compared the serum Se concentrations in breast cancer patients with those of women without breast cancer. Serum was collected from 35 women with breast cancer. Nineteen of these women had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and two had Paget disease of the nipple. Nine women had lymph nodal metastases at the time of mastectomy, four had definite evidence of metastatic disease when the blood samples were drawn, and the disease process of one patient was unclassified. Samples from 27 women known to be free of breast cancer were used as controls. The difference noted between the mean serum Se concentrations of breast cancer patients and controls were found to be significant.
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PMID:The relationship of dietary selenium and breast cancer. 625 92

Glutathione peroxidases (GPX), enzymes that catalyze the reduction of reactive intermediates have been implicated in the action of several cytostatic drugs. Two major types of GPX have been found: a selenium-dependent form (SeGPX) which is active with both hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, and a selenium-independent GPX which is only active with organic hydroperoxides. SeGPX and total GPX (tGPX) activity were assayed in cytosolic fractions from malignant and adjacent normal tissue in 13 patients with oral/oropharyngeal, and 10 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Neck lymph node metastases were available from 2 and 5 of these patient respectively. Tumors from the oral/oropharyngeal region contained significantly less SeGPX and tGPX activity than laryngeal tumors. Primary oral/oropharyngeal and laryngeal tumors had lower SeGPX activities than the matched normal mucosa. tGPX activities were similar in normal and tumor tissue. Metastases contained slightly more SeGPX and tGPX activity than the matched tumor tissue. We conclude that the inherent anti-tumor drug resistance of human neck squamous cell carcinoma is not mediated by increased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in the tumor tissue.
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PMID:Glutathione peroxidases in human head and neck cancer. 761 Aug 35

Thirty-two typical patients with breast cancer, aged 32-81 years and classified 'high risk' because of tumor spread to the lymph nodes in the axilla, were studied for 18 months following an Adjuvant Nutritional Intervention in Cancer protocol (ANICA protocol). The nutritional protocol was added to the surgical and therapeutic treatment of breast cancer, as required by regulations in Denmark. The added treatment was a combination of nutritional antioxidants (Vitamin C: 2850 mg, Vitamin E: 2500 iu, beta-carotene 32.5 iu, selenium 387 micrograms plus secondary vitamins and minerals), essential fatty acids (1.2 g gamma linolenic acid and 3.5 g n-3 fatty acids) and Coenzyme Q10 (90 mg per day). The ANICA protocol is based on the concept of testing the synergistic effect of those categories of nutritional supplements, including vitamin Q10, previously having shown deficiency and/or therapeutic value as single elements in diverse forms of cancer, as cancer may be synergistically related to diverse biochemical dysfunctions and vitamin deficiencies. Biochemical markers, clinical condition, tumor spread, quality of life parameters and survival were followed during the trial. Compliance was excellent. The main observations were: (1) none of the patients died during the study period. (the expected number was four.) (2) none of the patients showed signs of further distant metastases. (3) quality of life was improved (no weight loss, reduced use of pain killers). (4) six patients showed apparent partial remission.
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PMID:Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk' patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. 775 35

To investigate the role of oxygen free radicals in hepatocellular carcinoma we assayed tissue scavenger enzymes (superoxide dismutase and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase) in liver homogenate, plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E and the serum selenium level from 19 control patients, 23 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 18 cases of metastases to liver from different carcinomas. In hepatocellular carcinoma tissue the enzyme activities were all significantly lower than in control liver and in metastases-bearing liver; the enzyme activities of the latter tissues were not different from control liver. In contrast, normal liver adjacent to the hepatocellular carcinoma had decreased activity of superoxide dismutase. Serum selenium concentrations were significantly decreased in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and those with liver metastases, while vitamin A was significantly decreased only in the former. These findings suggest that hepatocellular carcinoma develops in liver with severe impairment of cellular antioxidant systems, since, in patients with liver metastases from different cancers, despite low selenium concentrations, cellular scavenger enzymes have normal activities.
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PMID:Decreased activity of scavenger enzymes in human hepatocellular carcinoma, but not in liver metastases. 791 35

Secondary neoplasms represent a major threat for patients with head and neck cancer. The prevention of secondary neoplasms has been a major goal of head and neck cancer chemoprevention efforts. In order to help develop effective strategies, reversal of oral premalignancy has been used as a model for chemoprevention. There is now sufficient data to show the chemopreventive effect in premalignant lesions of some natural compounds and their derivatives. Retinoids are the most studied chemopreventive agents for the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Other compounds with chemopreventive activity are carotenoids, Vitamin E derivatives and Selenium. There are two large prospective, randomized, chemoprevention clinical trials, one in Europe and the other in North America, using prevention of secondary malignancy as the primary study end-point. Until these trials are completed, the use of chemoprevention in head and neck cancer should be limited to clinical trials.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996 Mar
PMID:Clinical studies in head and neck cancer chemoprevention. 884 82

Prostate cancer is the most common human malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western nations. Descriptive epidemiologic data suggest that androgens and/or environmental exposures, such as diet (in particular, dietary fat), play an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis. One plausible link between diet and prostate cancer is oxidative stress. This process refers to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can then trigger a host of pro-carcinogenic processes. Recent studies also indicate that androgens increase oxidative stress within human prostate cancer cell lines. Recent data from our institution indicate that oxidative stress is higher within the benign epithelium of prostate cancer patients than men without the disease. This confirms our hypothesis and suggests that antioxidants such as lycopene, vitamin E, and selenium may play an important role in preventing disease progression. Large-scale clinical trials with some of these agents are currently in the design phase.
Cancer Metastasis Rev
PMID:Diet, androgens, oxidative stress and prostate cancer susceptibility. 1045 75


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