Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number of spontaneous lung metastases and the frequency of metastasis formation in the lymph nodes of mice were studied following the induction of tumour growth by injection of tumour cells. A syngeneic transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma, MMT 1, from C3H/He mice, and a cloned strain, MMTV4, obtained by treating MMT1 cells with 5-azacytidine in vitro, were used. No differences between MMT1 and MMTV4 were detected in the number of spontaneous metastases in the lungs of mice. An in vitro cytotoxic test and an adoptive transfer test were used to measure cytotoxic activity and the antimetastatic activity of spleen macrophages. The macrophages from mice bearing the MMT1 tumour exhibited antimetastatic activity in the adoptive transfer test, and specific and nonspecific cytotoxic activity in the in vitro test. Macrophages from mice carrying the MMTV4 tumour possessed nonspecific cytotoxic activity in vitro but did not exhibit antimetastatic activity in the adoptive transfer test. Tumours were surgically removed 13-15 days after their induction. Two weeks after the MMT1 tumour was resected, an abrupt increase in the number of spontaneous metastases in the lungs and in the lymph nodes was observed, whereas after removal of the MMTV4 tumour there were no changes in the number of lung metastases. When mice with the MMT1 tumour were given the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, in their drinking water, there was a significant decrease in the number of spontaneous lung metastases. Spleen macrophages from mice operated on after injection with MMT1 or MMTV4 did not possess specific cytotoxicity in the in vitro test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Participation of macrophages in the mechanism mediating the enhancement of metastasis formation after tumour resection. 184 24

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) mediates the regression of metastatic cancer, but clinical application has been limited by the induction of dose-dependent toxicities in normal tissues. The most clinically significant toxicities occur secondary to a vascular leak syndrome and include acute respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability. Because previous studies suggested a role for pentoxifylline in attenuating the toxic effects of IL-2, we hypothesized that pentoxifylline would inhibit alterations in the microvasculature induced by IL-2 and would ultimately reduce IL-2-induced toxicity. To determine the validity of this hypothesis, we prepared four groups of rats for in vivo microvascular observation. In the first group, a bolus intravenous injection of IL-2 (1 x 10(6) units/kg) acutely induced hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia, increased lung water, decreased microvascular blood flow, and increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence. No significant changes occurred in animals treated by pentoxifylline alone or the control IL-2 vehicle-alone group. However, pentoxifylline inhibited many of the IL-2-induced systemic and microvascular effects, such as hypotension, tachypnea, increased lung water, hypoxia, and increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence, but not tachycardia or increased microvascular protein leakage. These data support our hypothesis that systemic toxicities induced by IL-2 are associated with alterations in the microcirculation, which may be ameliorated by pentoxifylline.
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PMID:Pentoxifylline inhibits interleukin-2-induced leukocyte-endothelial adherence and reduces systemic toxicity. 185 30

The uptake of 18F-Deoxyglucose (FDG) was studied in vivo in relation to the proliferation rate of human head and neck tumors. Forty-two patients with histologically proven squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck and four patients with metastases of head and neck tumors were examined with PET and FDG prior to surgery. In 35 of these patients, a flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content and the proliferation rate was done using one-dimensional flow cytometry rate was done using one-dimensional flow cytometry (DAPI staining). In 17 cases, perfusion studies with 15O-labeled water were performed. Twenty-seven specimens were evaluable by flow cytometry. The analysis of the distribution of the FDG uptake revealed two groups, showing a high and a lower uptake pattern. In both groups the FDG uptake and the proliferation rate were correlated with an r-value of 0.64 and 0.8 respectively. However, the slope of the regression function was flat. No correlation was found between the perfusion and the proliferation rate. It is suggested that these differences in uptake in histologically identical tumor populations may correspond to differences at the molecular level, e.g., differences in the amount of the glucose carrier, perhaps caused by oncogenic transformation.
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PMID:Glucose uptake, perfusion, and cell proliferation in head and neck tumors: relation of positron emission tomography to flow cytometry. 186 78

Sodium ascorbate supplementation in drinking water inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth, enhanced levodopa methylester (LDME) chemotherapy, and increased survival of B16 melanoma-bearing mice. Antitumor activity was greatest in mice fed diets low in tyrosine and phenylalanine (restricted diet). Ascorbate partially protected against LDME-induced decrease in food intake. Primary tumor masses were smaller, more well defined, and less invasive in ascorbate-supplemented mice, and secondary tumor masses appeared encapsulated. Dehydroascorbate increased tumor growth and decreased survival. Ascorbate supplementation did not alter establishment of experimental B16-BL6 melanoma metastases but inhibited tumor outgrowth when combined with LDME chemotherapy and the restricted diet. Spontaneous metastasis was inhibited by ascorbate in mice fed the restricted diet. Ascorbate supplementation doubled plasma concentration in melanoma-bearing mice independent of diet and increased tumor concentration 3.7-fold (basal diet) and 5.6-fold (restricted diet) relative to unsupplemented mice. Tumor peroxidation also increased during ascorbate supplementation and LDME treatment.
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PMID:Ascorbate in the treatment of experimental transplanted melanoma. 196 84

The use of MR imaging to image anisotropically restricted diffusion (ARD) of water in the nervous system is described. The theoretical basis for the use of the pulsed gradient spin echo sequences is outlined, including an estimate of the range of cell dimensions that can be studied with this technique. The importance of restricted diffusion across myelinated white matter fibre tracts is emphasised and the capacity of MR imaging to demonstrate fibre pathways as a function of their direction is illustrated. Technical developments that have been implemented include 256 x 256 spatial resolution, a wider range of diffusion times Td, and an increased range of diffusion sensitivity parameters b. Effects of these are illustrated together with the use of gradient moment nulling methods, oblique sensitisation, and a smaller set of gradient coils that enable shorter values of echo time to be used with the same value of b. The anatomical basis for ARD imaging is analysed, and association, commissural, and projection fibre tracts are demonstrated in different planes. The published literature on variations of the apparent diffusion coefficient from normal is reviewed and examples where diffusion weighted images revealed information that was not necessarily apparent with conventional sequences are illustrated. These include cases of multiple sclerosis, chronic head injury, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, cerebrovascular disease, astrocytoma, and probable metastases to the brain. Imaging of ARD affords a fascinating conjunction between the microscopic movement of water, the properties of myelinated white matter fibres, gross anatomy of the brain, and changes of the diffusion of water in disease.
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PMID:MR imaging of anisotropically restricted diffusion of water in the nervous system: technical, anatomic, and pathologic considerations. 198 75

For selective heating of superficially located or easily accessible tumors interstitial hyperthermia has become an increasing popular method in combination with interstitial radioactive implants. At our institution the hyperthermia treatment is performed utilizing the warm water system KHS-9, which is adapted to our Ir-192 high-dose-rate afterloading device, so that the same hollow needles for the interstitial radiation can be used for the heating procedure. So far, this technique has been applied for the treatment of primary and carcinomas, gynecological recurrences, and metastases of malignant melanomas after preceding in vitro measurements of temperature distribution. As a result both, in vitro and in vivo investigations showed good homogeneity of the temperature throughout the heated volume. Analysing the temperature data of in vivo measurements the maximum deviation of temperature was found to be 1.5 degrees C. When using a needle spacing of 8 mm, the temperature required for clinical application (42.5 degrees C) could be maintained in all heat treatments with a preselected water temperature of 46 degrees C to 49.5 degrees C.
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PMID:[Interstitial Ir-192 afterloading therapy with sequential warm-water hyperthermia]. 200 May 52

The authors studied postoperatively fourteen men who underwent urinary diversion with a Camey ileal bladder for bladder cancer in association with radical cystoprostatectomy, from March 1986 to June 1988. Mean follow-up was 19.5 +/- 9 months. Three patients died (21.4%), two other patients are alive with metastases. Ureteral reflux and upper tract dilatation occurred in 14.3 and 28.6% of the renal units, respectively. Daytime continence was achieved in 92.9% of the patients (13 patients), frequently 6 months after the operation. Nocturnal incontinence was almost universal (1 patient circumvented this problem by getting up to void every three hours during the night). Thirteen patients had urodynamic testing after the operation. Mean capacity of the ileal bladder was 344 ml with mean intraluminal pressure of 24 cm water. Mean urethral closing pressure was 49 cm water. Voiding was accomplished by abdominal straining concomitant with external sphincter relaxation. Post-void residual was less than 50 ml, except in one patient. The authors discuss these results and compare them to those of other studies.
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PMID:[Functional outcome of a U-shaped ileocystoplasty (the Camey I procedure) in cancer of the bladder. Apropos of 14 cases]. 202 Dec 71

Rats having received drinking water enriched with zinc (zinc acetate, 22.8 mmol/l) developed significantly more pulmonal metastases after an i.v. injection of 5 x 10(5) cultivated cells of a benzpyrene-induced sarcoma than receiving normal drinking water. Zinc ions seem to promote the emigration, implantation and outgrowth of circulating tumour cells.
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PMID:The influence of zinc administration on the development of experimental lung metastases after an injection of tumour cells into the tail vein of rats. 207 Aug 43

In experimental investigations it was shown that rats having received drinking water enriched by zinc acetate (22.8 mmol/l) developed significantly more pulmonary metastases after an intravenous infection of cells of a benzpyrene-induced rat sarcoma than rats receiving normal drinking water. This increase is caused by an increase of the number of rats developed metastases as well as the number of metastases of the individual rat.
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PMID:[Effect of the oral administration of zinc on metastasis after intravenous application of benzpyrene-induced rat sarcoma cells]. 208 Feb 62

We have shown that macrophage-derived prostaglandin (PG)E2 inactivates all interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent killer cell lineages in the tumor-bearing host, so that chronic indomethacin therapy (CIT) combined with multiple rounds of IL-2 can cure experimental and spontaneous metastases of a variety of murine tumors. We tested the efficacy of this therapy on experimental human melanoma metastasis in nude mice and characterized the killer cells generated in situ. BALB/c nude mice were injected i.v. with 2 x 10(6) human lung-metastasizing line P52, MeWo melanoma cells. After 5 weeks, when lung nodules were well established, mice received vehicles alone (control) or were given (a) CIT (14 micrograms/ml in drinking water); (b) three rounds of IL-2, 25,000 Cetus U, 8 hourly i.p. (days 40-44, 50-54, 60-64); (c) CIT + three rounds of IL-2; (d) CIT + four rounds of IL-2 (round 4 on days 70-74); and (e) CIT + five rounds of IL-2 (round 5 on days 80-84). Control and experimental mice were killed on day 71 to score lung colonies and evaluate killer activity in splenic and lung lymphocytes and macrophages against murine YAC-1 lymphoma and B16F10 melanoma, human P52 melanoma, K562 erythroleukemia, and Raji lymphoma targets. Killer cells for P52 were phenotyped for Thy-1, Lyt-2, and asialo-GM-1 markers by ab + C'-mediated deletion of killer function. Mice in all groups were also kept for survival. CIT alone improved splenic NK activity but marginally reduced the lung colony counts or prolonged the survival time. Three rounds of IL-2 alone reduced the median colony counts by 50% and prolonged the survival by 2 weeks, but resulted in no long-term, disease-free survival, in spite of significant activation of LAK cells with Thy-1-, Lyt-2-, AGM-1+ phenotype in the spleen. CIT + 3 rounds of IL-2 reduced the median colony counts from 40 to 0 and improved the survival from a median of 66 (control) to 120 days (40% surviving 260 + days). CIT + four or five rounds of IL-2 caused long-term (260 + days) survival of 80% mice, most surviving 400 + days. The combination therapy activated killer lymphocytes (Thy-1-, Lyt-2-, AGM-1+) and, to a smaller extent, macrophages (AGM-1 +/-) in the spleen and the lungs, showing a high cytocidal ability for all the targets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cure of human melanoma lung metastases in nude mice with chronic indomethacin therapy combined with multiple rounds of IL-2: characteristics of killer cells generated in situ. 209 Jan 99


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