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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For 14 months 200 white noninbred male rats received N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in various concentrations in drinking water. The animals were sacrificed in 18--22 months. Out of 178 rats surviving the time of appearance of the first tumor 64 animals developed tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Histologically, gastric tumours in 34 cases were presented by adenomatous outgrowths, in 11 the changes were extremely suspect of cancer, in 2 cases morphologically true cancer was observed. The induced gastric tumours had certain peculiarities as compared with the corresponding tumours of man which consisted in tumour cells growing through the thickness of the wall without marked atypism and lack of metastases. Intestinal tumours were sarcomas in which simultaneously some mesenchymal components were present.
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PMID:[Morphology of gastrointestinal tract tumors induced in rats by N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine]. 51 62

The EMI general Purpose Scanner is briefly described, with particular reference to the use of window height and window width variations. Patient preparation in relation to movement artefacts and contrast medium is considered, and a method of localization of tomographic sections is described. The Scanner produces brain examinations of high quality. Because a head water bath is no longer required, the base of the skull can also be examined. In the thorax computerized tomography is particularly valuable in showing pleural disease in the forms of thickening, plaques or tumours, and in demonstrating retrosternal lymph node enlargement. Small peripheral metastases can be identified when not shown by conventional tomography. In the abdomen lymph node masses, retroperitoneal tumours and pancreatic disease has been identified, often more completely than by other methods, or where other methods have failed. This has proved particularly valuable in the grading of malignant disease and in the monitoring of subsequent treatment. It is particularly helpful in the planning of radiotherapy. Metastases in liver and bone can be clearly defined when still quite small (0-5.1 cm), but comparison with other methods of diagnosis such as grey scale ultrasound and isotope scanning will be needed before the role of computerized tomography in evaluating these lesions is known.
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PMID:Computerized tomography using the EMI general purpose scanner. 55 74

Esophageal carcinomas were induced in three of five rabbits given 0.25% N-methylbenzylamine and 0.16% NaNO2 in their drinking water. The three rabbits with carcinoma had consumed more than 94 g of NaNO2 and had survived for more than 536 experimental days. The esophageal carcinomas were a slightly elevated type, and no polypoid lesions were seen. They were classified histologically as squamous cell carcinomas or adenosquamous carcinomas, or both. No metastases were found. The other two of the five rabbits died early in the experiment before any esophageal carcinoma had developed.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the esophagus of rabbits induced with N-methyl-benzylamine and sodium nitrite. 59 52

A hot water bath was used to heat locally a metastasizing carcinoma in Wistar/Furth rats. Applying heat such that intratumor temperature is maintained at a mean value of 42.3 degrees for two 90-min sessions results in a decreased growth rate of the primary tumor as well as distant metastases. Heating the primary tumor for only one 90-min session or heating the leg contralateral to the tumor-bearing limb has no effect on the growth rate of either the primary tumor or metastases. Heat therapy has no detrimental effect on the spleen cell-mediated tumor immune response of rats as tested by an in vitro lymphocytotoxicity assay 1 day later. However, heating isolated spleen cells to similar temperatures in vitro reduces their capacity for in vitro tumor cell killing.
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PMID:Effects of hyperthermia on primary and metastatic tumor growth and host immune response in rats. 62 54

Degraded carrageenan derived from the red seaweed Eucheuma spinosum was given to Sprague-Dawley rats through the diet, in drinking water or by stomach tube for up to 24 months. Carrageenan-induced squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and adenomas in the colorectum were observed. Some rats had metastases to the regional lymph nodes of squamous cell carcinomas. These results show that degraded carrageenan is carcinogenic to the colorectum of the rat.
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PMID:Induction by degraded carrageenan of colorectal tumors in rats. 64 59

Experiments were started with an animal model: Tumor antigens could be solubilized from fibrosarcomas of inbred guinea pigs by extraction with physiological saline. Extracts were fractionated by ammoniumsulfate precipitation, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Skin tests and leucocyte migration assays could detect antigenic activity in a number of fractions different with respect to size and charge. A less heterogeneous antigen could be extracted with phenol-water from guinea pig fibrosarcomas. Tumor associated antigens could be demonstrated in phenol-water extracts of human melanoma by leucocyte migration tests. Weak migration reactions were found with leucocytes from melanoma patients, not with leucocytes from controls. The frequency of positive results was similar in patients with and without metastases. No antibodies against antigens of phenol-water extracts could be detected in sera from melanoma patients. No antibodies against tumor associated substances could be demonstrated after immunization of rabbits with phenol-water extracts. Antigens extracted by phenol-water seem to be weak immunogens. Radioactive antigens were extracted from membranes of labelled cell cultures of human melanoma. Antigenic activity was assayed by double immune precipitation followed by sodium-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide-electrophoresis. Yields from available cell quantities were too small for further purification and clinical studies.
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PMID:[Isolation of soluble tumor-associated antigens of human malignant melanoma]. 68 Jun 24

The injection of a suspension of Walker 256 carcinoma cells into the carotid artery of rats produced a model of hematogenously spread cerebral metastases. Most animals died from massive extracerebral tumors of the head and jaw; brain tumors were present in only one-quarter. External carotid artery ligation prior to tumor inoculation did not increase the incidence of fatal brain tumor. When cyclophosphamide, 15 mg/kg, was injected as a single dose on the fourteenth day after tumor inoculation, most of the extracerebral tumor disappeared. Fifty percent of the animals so treated were cured of tumor, but 90% of the remainder died of large intracerebral tumors. Severe cytopathic changes resulting from cyclophosphamide were present in extracerebral or choroid plexus tumors but were mild or nonexistent in intracerebral tumors. These selective effects of cyclophosphamide suggest that water-soluble agents are less effective against tumor in the brain than against extracerebral tumors despite the fact that metastatic tumor breaks down the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Metastic tumor of the brain: development of an experimental model. 90 Sep 4

Methods have been established to produce gastric cancer in rats and dogs by administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or of the ethyl derivate. The agent is administered in drinking water or by a pellet diet soaked in the carcinogen. Histologically well differentiated and poorly differentiated types of adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell tumors are induced in several months with greath reliability. Metastases were observed in both rats and dogs with gastric carcinoma. The carcinogenic effect could be enhanced by surface active agents, sodium chloride, iodoacetamide, insertion of plastic beads into the stomach and gastroenteroanastomosis. Follow-up studies by radiologic, endoscopic and bioptic examinations are possible in the dog. There are similarities in these experimental tumors to those in man and thus they provide means for the investigation of histogenesis, prevention, and chemotherapy of gastric cancer. An adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach of a Wistar rat was successively transplanted to new born rats of the same strain.
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PMID:[Experimental gastric cancer (author's transl)]. 96 36

Groups of male MRC Wistar rats were treated for 2 years either with morpholine (10 g/kg food) together with sodium nitrite (3 g/l drinking water) or with N-nitrosomorpholine (NM, 0.15g/l drinking water). In both cases, a group of rats was given sodium ascorbate (22.7 g/kg food) in addition to these treatments. When ascorbate was present, the liver tumors induced by morpholine and nitrite showed a 1.7-fold longer induction period, a slightly lower incidence, and an absence of metastases in the lungs, indicating that ascorbate had inhibited the in vivo formation of NM. Ascorbate did not affect liver tumor induction by the performed NM. The group treated with morpholine, nitrite, and ascorbate had a 54% incidence of forestomach tumors, including an 18% incidence of squamous cell carcinomas, possibly because ascorbate promoted NM action in this organ.
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PMID:Effect of sodium ascorbate on tumor induction in rats treated with morpholine and sodium nitrite, and with nitrosomorpholine. 101 58

The oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) in drinking water induced lung tumors in high incidence in rats at 25 weeks. Histologically, they were adenoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and combined squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Metastases of adenocarcinoma were observed in regional lymph nodes. The development of tumors in other sites was seen in the liver, thyroid, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and pancreas. The incidence of lung tumor was distinctly higher than that of other sites. These results indicate that the target organ of DHPN was the lung and that oral administration of this chemical carcinogen was responsible for the development of lung carcinomas in rats.
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PMID:Lung carcinomas induced by oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in rats. 102 5


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