Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was carried out to determine the interrelationship between the inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (0.4 +/- 0.50 ppm), lung metastases development from circulating cancer cells, and death rate from such metastases. C57 BL/6J mice were used in these experiments. Animals were divided into control and NO2-exposed groups, and were exposed to filtered air and 0.4 ppm of NO2, respectively. Following 12 weeks of exposure, all animals were infused intravenously with syngeneic, viable B16 melanoma cells. The results indicate that a subpopulation of NO2-exposed animals showed a significant increase in mortality rate during the early part of the experiment. The interpretation is that animals especially sensitive to the NO2 insult developed extensive metastases at an early stage. The question raised is whether or not the progression of human cancer is influenced by the inhalation of noxious pollutants in the ambient atmosphere.
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PMID:The mortality rate from lung metastases in animals inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO2). 396 90

The tremendous progress that has been made in the chemotherapy of malignant diseases since the early 1950's has enabled the cure of a significant number of cancers such as chloriocarcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the acute leukaemias, testicular carcinoma, and many childhood cancers such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilm's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, ovarian cancer, and retinoblastoma. As a result, the mortality from cancers has dropped by 15% for persons under the age of 45 years and even more for those under 30 years of age. Many other metastatic cancers can now be successfully controlled with chemotherapy and, ultimately, more will be added to the growing list of curable cancers. The chemotherapeutic agents responsible for the cures of some cancers include asparaginase, actinomycin D, Adriamycin, bleomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, nitrogen mustard, prednisone, procarbazine, and vincristine. The discovery of new effective drugs such as AMSA and anthracenedione promises to improve the success rates obtained with present therapy. Chemotherapy is indicated for every patient who has metastatic cancer, since virtually every patient can receive some palliation from such therapy, while for some patients chemotherapy holds the promise of prolongation of life or even cure.
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PMID:The curability of advanced cancers with chemotherapy. 627 28

Hypoaminoacidemia and skin rash are features of the glucagonoma syndrome. A glucagonoma patient with earlier insulin treated, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, and functional liver metastases, 3 yr postresection of pancreatic tumor, was treated with a high protein diet for 2 wk, then switched to a high carbohydrate diet for 3 wk followed by 3 wk on high protein diet, which continued for 3 months with additional carbohydrate. While on the high protein diet urine nitrogen indicated frank retention and total plasma amino acid levels normalized each time. Plasma amino acid decreased again after 1 wk on the high carbohydrate diet. Skin rash varied irrespective of amino acid levels, but cleared 4 days after resection of metastases. However, total amino acid did not reach normal levels on a conventional diet 3 wk postsurgery, but were normal 6 wk later. A high protein diet can normalize plasma amino acids and allow nitrogen retention in glucagonoma, apparently overriding the gluconeogenic drive of the high circulating glucagon levels. The skin rash may not be only attributed to hypoaminoacidemia.
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PMID:Disappearance of glucagonoma rash after surgical resection, but not during dietary normalization of serum amino acids. 632 Jun 31

An unusual isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase associated with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (LDHk) was found in the sera of many patients with malignant tumors, while the sera of healthy persons had little or no such activity. This isozyme was detectable only when assayed in a nitrogen atmosphere, and its activity showed little or no relationship to the total lactate dehydrogenase activity as measured by a standard clinical assay. The activity of serum LDHk appeared to be correlated with the presence of known metastases. Increased serum LDHk appeared in a wide variety of patients with cancer, although it appeared to be more common in certain types of cancer. Increased serum LDHk activity was also found in the sera of some patients with nonmalignant disease. The activity of serum LDHk may be useful to monitor recurrence or response to therapy in certain types of cancer.
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PMID:An unusual oxygen-sensitive lactate dehydrogenase isozyme associated with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus in human serum. 632

The clinical effect of intralesional injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-cultured autologous lymphocytes was assessed in seven patients with cutaneous, recurrent tumor nodules (12 melanoma and 8 mammary cancer lesions). Each tumor nodule was injected 3-10 times, once weekly, with IL-2-cultured lymphoid cells (CLC), 40-400 million cells at each injection. Lymphoid cells obtained from buffy coats were separated on Ficoll-Paque, cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, thawed, and cultured for 1-2 weeks in the presence of crude IL-2 (containing phytohemagglutinin) before injection. CLC were tested for sterility, percent E-rosette-forming cells, and cytotoxicity against K562, allogeneic melanoma, and breast cancer cell lines and autologous tumor cells. Enhanced cytotoxicity was expressed by IL-2 CLC, as compared with nonstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Arrest of tumor growth (compared with untreated lesions) was observed in eight lesions and partial regression in three lesions. Moreover, complete regression was noted in one large melanoma lesion treated with low-dose irradiation prior to intralesional administration of CLC and in three small intracutaneous melanoma lesions treated with CLC only. Histopathological findings of responding lesions showed infiltration with lymphoid cells and macrophages, with the tumor cells sparsely dispersed. No untoward side effects of CLC injections were observed. The present study points to the feasibility of trials of adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients as indicated by the following: (a) response of lymphoid cells to IL-2 adequate--although reduced--in patients with metastatic disease, including those after chemo- or radiotherapy; (b) possibility of cryopreservation of PBL and repeated culturing in IL-2 after thawing, with cytotoxic activity unimpaired; (c) demonstrably enhanced cytotoxicity in vitro of IL-2 CLC; (d) demonstrable--although limited--clinical response to in situ treatments with IL-2 CLC; (e) good tolerance of treatment with CLC.
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PMID:Intralesional injection of interleukin-2-expanded autologous lymphocytes in melanoma and breast cancer patients: a pilot study. 633 37

The deficits in plasma amino acids and serum unesterified fatty acids of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were studied to delineate the special requirements of the patients and efficacy of our nutritional therapy. Seven general surgery patients and 13 patients treated by the Head-Neck Service had baseline levels measured as part of their nutritional evaluation prior to surgical treatment of their cancers. Fifteen chemotherapy outpatients maintained on their regular diets had fasting levels analyzed. Twenty-six patients who were admitted for their therapy had their intake of the regular hospital diet supplemented with a low-residue enteral diet formula (Vivonex High Nitrogen Diet); parenteral nutrition was used only if their oral intake was totally inadequate. Baseline and sequential measurements were made of plasma amino acid and serum unesterified fatty acid levels by gas liquid chromatographic techniques. Before operation the patients had normal levels of amino acids except for a significant deficiency of threonine and glycine observed in patients with head-neck tumors. Outpatients with and without hepatic metastases had significantly depressed levels of the essential amino acids valine, leucine, threonine, and methionine and the nonessential amino acids serine, glycine, and proline. The baseline levels of the patients admitted for treatment had similar deficiencies except for more evidence of lysine deficiency. Patients supported with total parenteral nutrition had rapid elevation of the amino acid levels. The patients whose intake was supplemented with the oral diets had improvement in their amino acid levels, but the deficiency in the leucine and threonine fractions persisted up to 4 weeks of therapy. Although the lysine levels were normal when first analyzed, significant differences developed in the patients without hepatic metastases after the start of chemotherapy with return to normal only after chemotherapy was discontinued. Fatty acid levels were not significantly different between the cancer groups except for preoperative elevated oleic acid levels noted in the general surgery tumor group; there were no deficiencies in the essential fatty acids. These studies indicate a need for enteral formulas with adequate branched-chain amino acids and enrichment with threonine and lysine for supplementing the nutrition of the cancer patient who is undergoing chemotherapy.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid and serum unesterified fatty acid deficits and the effect of nutritional support in chemotherapy treatment. 642 62

In this study a malignant tumor was implanted in rat livers and treated by infarction, excision, or cryodestruction. Survival and the pattern of metastases was studied in each group. Walker carcinomas were induced by the inoculation of a tumor cell suspension into the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten days after inoculation a solitary tumor had formed. This was treated by (i) mobilization of the tumor-bearing lobe (controls); (ii) ischemic infarction by ligation of the vascular pedicle to the lobe; (iii) excision of the tumor-bearing lobe; or (iv) cryodestruction of the tumor and surrounding liver using a clinical liquid nitrogen probe. A double freeze/thaw cycle to - 180 degrees C at a mean cooling rate of 94 degrees C/min was performed. Autopsy was performed at death or after 110 days, when the experiment was terminated. In general, deaths within 5 weeks of treatment were from recurrent tumor growth in the liver and, after this time, from metastatic disease. A statistically significant increase in survival was noted in the cryotherapy group when compared with the other treatment groups (P less than 0.01 logrank ) and controls (P less than 0.001 logrank ). No real difference in local tumor control was noted between the groups. The improved survival in the cryotherapy group was attributed to a statistically significant reduction in deaths from metastatic disease (P less than 0.05 Chi-square). This finding may be related to an immunological response and warrants further study.
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PMID:A comparison of cryodestruction with excision or infarction of an implanted tumor in rat liver. 671 44

Thirteen patients with advanced (Stage III) malignant melanoma have been treated with high-dose chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard or a combination of BCNU and melphalan) combined with autologous, nonfrozen, bone marrow transplantation. Three patients (24%) achieved a complete remission and are currently alive and free of disease without further therapy at 26, 60, and 73 weeks. Five patients (38%) achieved partial remissions and five patients (38%) had no response. There was no difference in the response rate to nitrogen mustard and the BCNU-melphalan combination. Severe side effects to nitrogen mustard, however, precluded its further use in this study. The major cause of death in patients was intracerebral metastases, raising the question of prophylactic brain irradiation in future studies. Studies of the recovery rate of peripheral blood neutrophil, platelet, and peripheral blood and bone marrow CFU-C suggest that autologous bone marrow infusion may be of benefit in shortening hematopoietic recovery following intensive chemotherapy.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary results--Phase I study. 676 87

Isobutyloxycarbonyl derivatives of the polyamines, spermidine, spermine and putrescine in 1 ml plasma were analysed on a mixed phase, 1.5% SE-30, 0.15% FFAP, column by temperature-programmed gas chromatography using a nitrogen-sensitive glass bead detector. Levels in 60 normal subjects (mean +/- 2- S.D.) were 0.13 +/- 0.08 mumol/l for spermidine, 0.02 +/- 0.04 for spermine and less than or equal to 0.18 for putrescine. Elevated spermidine levels were found pre-treatment in only 20% of patients with advanced metastatic cancer, reflecting the lack of sensitivity of polyamines as markers for malignant disease. However, serial studies in 26 patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy showed that a significant rise in plasma spermidine within 48 h correlated with subsequent clinical response (p less than 0.001). Tumour response to chemotherapy can be predicted by the assay of plasma polyamines.
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PMID:A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of plasma polyamines and its application to the prediction of tumour response to chemotherapy. 722 32

An experimental model was designed to test the possibility that inhalation of a noxious air pollutant may facilitate the blood-borne cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. Animals were exposed to inhalation of air containing 0.8 ppm of nitrogen dioxide for 12 weeks. After this period, animals were infused intravenously with melanoma cells, and 3 weeks later lungs were examined for metastases. The results indicate that NO2exposed animals develop significantly higher number of lung metastases (P less than 0.0025) than the controls. Such results raise the possibility that the inhalation of NO2 from ambient air may facilitate the seeding and proliferation of blood-borne cancer cells in the human lung.
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PMID:Facilitation of cancer metastases by an air pollutant. 724 95


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