Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma hCT levels were less than 50 pg/ml in 50 normal subjects. In 16 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), plasma hCT levels were distinctively elevated and they fell significantly after total thyroidectomy, but in 11 of them plasma levels were still high, indicating the presence of metastases. In 74 patients with the other types of malignancy, plasma hCT levels were found to be high in 9 cases (3 oat cell carcinoma of the lung, 4 malignant carcinoids, one malignant pheochromocytoma and one acute myelocytic leukemia). Except for the leukemic case, all these tumors were derived from neural crest. In 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, plasma hCT levels were less than 20 pg/ml. In 13 hypoparathyroid patients, two with pseudohypoparathyroidism and one with pseudoidiopathic hypoparathyroidism, plasma hCT levels were slightly elevated. Some patients with uremia had elevated plasma hCT levels, but there was no relation between plasma levels of hCT and those of PTH, urea nitrogen or creatinine. In response to Ca (4.5 mg/kg/10 min) or tetragastrin (4 mug/kg/5 min) infusion, a marked increase in plasma hCT was observed in all patients with MCT, but not in normal subjects. In 5 hypoparathyroid patients, a significant increase to both stimuli was also observed in all cases. Two patients with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism responded to the Ca load. These results indicate that the determination of plasma hCT levels especially after a short Ca or tetragastrin infusion is important to study various pathological conditions.
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PMID:Plasma human calcitonin (hCT) levels in normal and pathologic conditions, and their responses to short calcium or tetragastrin infusion. 19 Dec 50

Cancer chemotherapy has developed rapidly over the last twenty years. The majority of patients with cancer die from metastatic disease, so the major therapeutic advance now must be better systemic therapy. From its early beginning in the 1940's with oestrogen therapy for prostatic cancer, nitrogen mustards in the lymphomas, and folic acid antagonists in childhood leukaemia, there are now between thirty and forty active anti-cancer agents in clinical use. The main clinical pharmacological points of the major agents are briefly reviewed, together with their main dose-limiting toxic effects and their activity as single agents. Clinical chemotherapy has developed by the introduction of newer agents from the drug screening programmes and a better understanding of the scheduling to avoid serious toxicity. Although drug-resistance is still a major problem, by combining different active agents there has been a dramatic improvement in survival of patients with selected tumours. More recently, treatment of patients early, before they have gross clinical recurrence, has already shown some benefit in pre-menopausal patients with carcinoma of the breast and in patients with osteosarcoma. The limitations of clinical measurements in monitoring therapy are clear, and a major improvement could well be realised if therapy could be monitored on the basis of quantitative markers. The clinical impact of cancer chemotherapy has already been dramatic in drug-sensitive tumours, but these only contribute a small proportion of the total. Some of the common tumours fall into the group that are relatively drug sensitive where the lives of patients can be prolonged, but there is still a significant fraction of tumours which are insensitive to existing drugs and which will probably require the development of newer agents before chemotherapy can make any impact on the survival of patients with these tumours.
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PMID:The current role of cancer chemotherapy. 36 Nov 39

Verrucous carcinoma of the penis (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor, giant condyloma accuminatum) is a common clearly defined variant of epidermoid carcinoma which features relentless local growth and little tendency to metastasize. Two cases successfully treated by liquid nitrogen cryosurgery are presented herein.
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PMID:Cryosurgery of verrucous carcinoma of the penis (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor). 47 77

Metastasis to bone marrow, though frequently occult, is an important clinical finding. Variables which correlate with carcinoma metastatic to bone marrow were studied retrospectively in 103 patients with malignancy whose bone marrow biopsies demonstrated metastatic disease. Sixty-six patients with metastatic cancer whose bone marrow biopsies were negative, served as controls. Since no single finding was diagnostic of marrow cancer, multiple variables were analyzed by stepwise discriminate analysis program. The four parameters which strongly correlated with marrow involvement were the leukoerythroblastic blood pattern, a serum lactic dehydrogenase over 500 IU/liter, a platelet count under 100,000/microliter and bone pain. Four parameters correlated less well and included a positive bone scan, hematocrit under 30%, uric acid over 10 mg/dl and blood urea nitrogen over 25 mg/dl. These data should help the clinician select those cancer patients with a high probability of marrow involvement.
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PMID:Variables predictive of bone marrow metastasis. 71 14

The serum concentrations of alphaaminonitrogen (AAN), lysine, valine and leucines were determined before and within the period of 24 hr after the administration of Trophysan (10% solution of glucose containing a mixture of aminoacids) in 100 patients with cancer (17 with gastrointestinal carcinoma, 34 with uterus carcinoma, stages I to III; 8 with breast carcinoma, stages II and III; 15 with bronchogenic carcinoma, 10 with various localizations and 15 with metastatic cancer) and in 22 patients with benign tumors. A significant decrease in the serum content of AAN, valine and lysine was noted in patients with cancer (stages I to III) at 24 hours after the administration of Trophysan. This effect was absent for the patients with benign tumors. The enhanced uptake of aminoacids found in patients with cancer is probable the result of the negative nitrogen balance associated with the malignant state.
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PMID:Differences in uptake of aminoacids by patients with various forms of cancer. 74 62

The end results of therapy of 1,358 breast cancer patients were studied. Anaesthesia was performed by ether-nitrogen-oxygen (554 cases) or halothane-nitrogen-oxygen (804 cases) mixture with addition of oxygen. The method of Holstead was employed in all cases. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumour progression (according to the TNM classification and results of post-operative histological assays) showed them to be identical. The study showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of cancer patients: the survival rates of patients receiving halothane anaesthesia were much higher than those of the ether-anaesthetized patients. The differences were most pronounced among patients who received pre-operative radiation therapy and post-operative chemotherapy as well as in cases of metastasis spread into regional lymph nodes. The mechanism of the effect of the anaesthetic on the survival rates of cancer patients may be explained on the basis of the data available on the varying influences of anaesthetics on the pituitary-adrenal cortec system and carcinemia development during operation as well as the role of immunity in tumour cell implantation and growth of metastases.
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PMID:The influence of the anaesthetic on survival rates of breast cancer patients after surgery. 89 32

Two cell lines of human pancreatic cancer have been established, which can be successfully transplanted into pancreas of nude mice, the first of this kind of cell lines in China. Fresh specimens human of pancreatic cancer taken surgically were transplanted in the pancreas of pure line BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice. The transplanted tumours grew and reproduced successfully, and were named PINMP-1 and PINMP-2, respectively. So far, 9 generations of PINMP-1 and 6 generations of PINMP-2 were obtained. Their biological properties, ways of invasion and metastasis and morphological characteristics under light and electron microscope were studied. The results showed a 95%-100% transplanting success rate, with the success rate of transplanting from tissues revivified from the liquid nitrogen preservation being 100%. Both of the lines could produce large amount of CEA, and chromosome analysis confirmed that they had retained a karyotype of the human cancer cells. In nude mice transplanted with the tumours, metastasis could be found in the lymph nodes, lungs and livers. Metastasis via lymphatic channels and blood vessels were also demonstrated. The pathological and ultrastructural examination confirmed that the transplanted tumours had identical characteristics as their donor tumours. The transplanted cells grew independently in the pancreas of the nude mice, making a better model for study on tumour invasion and metastasis than subcutaneously transplanted tumours. This indicated that the microenvironment in the transplantation site had certain influence on the biological behavior of the transplanted tumours. The models could be used in the study on the invasion, metastasis and experimental therapy of pancreatic carcinomas.
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PMID:[Establishing orthotopic transplanted models of human pancreatic cancer in nude mice and study on their biological properties]. 133 84

Image-guided localized proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of intracranial tumors was performed to correlate spectral patterns and histologic findings. Thirty-six patients were examined prior to any specific treatment. Evaluation based on signal intensity ratios showed that all tumor spectra differed from spectra of healthy brain tissue. Ratios of creatine to choline-containing compounds (Cr/Cho) and nitrogen acetyl-aspartate to Cho (NAA/Cho) were reduced significantly in all tumor spectra compared with spectra of normal tissue in contralateral brain hemispheres (P less than .005). Noncerebral tumors typically showed a vanishing or missing NAA signal, strongly reduced Cr signal, and additional signals, assigned to alanine in meningiomas and lipids in metastases. In contrast, 11 gliomas of grades 2 and 3 exhibited NAA/Cho ratios and Cr/Cho ratios that were less than normal but that were significantly larger (P less than .01) than corresponding values in eight meningiomas. Ten glioblastomas displayed spectra with various signal ratios, so no significant differences between them and other tumor types could be established. In nine gliomas a clearly detectable lactate signal was present. However, no direct correlation between lactate level and histologic tumor grading was found.
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PMID:Human brain tumors: spectral patterns detected with localized H-1 MR spectroscopy. 158 24

From 1 January 1983 to 1 January 1989 123 cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular cancer (n = 122) or cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1) were screened using liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein determination, ultrasonography with biopsy (and in selected cases computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance), laparoscopy and angiography, Child-Pugh classification and urea-nitrogen synthesis rate. Twenty-three patients were selected for surgical resection because the tumour was smaller than 5 cm, not centrally located and at least 1 cm away from main structures; there was no evidence of multicentricity or metastatic disease; and the Child-Pugh classification was A or B and the urea-nitrogen synthesis rate at least 6 g/day. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was used routinely to identify oesophageal varices which were present in 17 cases; ten patients with a history of variceal haemorrhage (43 per cent) had preoperative endoscopic sclerotherapy. In cases with recurrent haemorrhage, surgery was used to prevent intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Tumour resection was carried out using controlled hypotension and hepatoduodenal ligament clamping. Twelve bisegmentectomies, ten segmentectomies and one atypical resection were performed. The operative mortality rate was 13 per cent with liver failure and sepsis as the causes of death. The 'recurrence rate' was 26 per cent and the late mortality rate for the whole group up to 1 January 1990 was 30 per cent; 13 patients were still alive. The 12-month survival rate was 77 per cent and after 5 years it was 49 per cent. Thus, surgical resection of small liver tumours is the treatment of choice in this selected group of patients.
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PMID:Limited hepatic resection for selected cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular or cholangiocellular carcinoma: a prospective study. 185 52

Local control is vital for long-term survival for patients with stage III neuroblastoma, and although cure is difficult, ultimate success in stage IV neuroblastoma will necessitate control of the primary tumor as well as effective therapy of the metastases. The proper timing of surgical resection of the primary tumor is uncertain. Patients with stage III and IV neuroblastoma treated from 1977 to 1988 were retrospectively reviewed as to whether the resection was performed before or after chemotherapy. Complications assessed include significant blood loss, damage to adjacent organs, and delays before postsurgical chemotherapy could be given. Sixty patients were treated primarily at the authors' institution: 18 with stage III and 42 with stage IV disease. Chemotherapy consisted of combinations of nitrogen mustard, adriamycin, dacarbazine (DTIC), cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (MADDOC). Nine patients with stage III neuroblastoma underwent initial resection of the primary tumor before receiving chemotherapy. Three had complications, all with excessive blood loss (0.57, 2.0, and 3.0 times the estimated total blood volume [TBV]). One patient had renal infarction, and another had regrowth of the tumor before chemotherapy could be administered 35 days after surgery. There were no complications in the eight secondary explorations, four of which were complete resections. All had viable tumor in the resected specimen. Eleven of the 42 stage IV patients had primary resections, 5 of whom had complications: colocutaneous fistula, unilateral renal necrosis, chylothorax, and excessive blood loss (1.3 and 2 TBV). None of the 18 patients with delayed resection after 3 to 12 courses of chemotherapy had surgical complications with complete (14 patients), near complete (2 patients), or subtotal resections (2 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Surgical management of stage III and IV neuroblastoma: resection before or after chemotherapy? 194 91


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