Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of advanced breast cancer treated with a water-salt extract from BCG are presented, showing a positive response -- marked and durable regression of the breast tumor and of the axillar metastases, parallel in the second case with a disappearance of lung metastases.
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PMID:Therapeutic effect of a water-salt extract from BCG in two patients with advanced breast cancer. 109 68

Guinea pigs with established intradermal tumors and microscopic axillary lymph node metastases were treated with a combination of surgery and BCG. The tumors were excised and BCG was given in attempts to eliminate residual malignant disease. Injection of BCG into established intradermal tumors 7 days before local excision successfully eradicated microscopic axillary lymph node metastases and cured significant numbers of animals. Injection of BCG into dermal tumors 20 minutes or 1 day before excision prolonged survival but did not cure a significant number of animals. Injection of BCG into the skin adjacent to the dermal tumor 7 days before local excision eradicated microscopic axillary lymph node metastases. However, such injection 1 day before local excision did not eradicate metastases. BCG administered by intravenous, intra-arterial, or intranodal injection did not eliminate reidual malignant disease. Several factors were evaluated as possible correlates of successful immunotherapy. The development of tuberculin hypersensitivity, the magnitude of regional adenopathy, and the number of BCG organisms in axillary nodes were not useful correlates. Histologically, the presence of tumor cells, multiple focal granuloma, or histiocytosis in axillary nodes faiiled to correlate with results of therapy. The development of tumor-specific transplantation immunity provided the best correlate of successful immunotherapy.
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PMID:Eradication of microscopic lymph nodes metastases after injection of living BCG adjacent to the primary tumor. 110 74

In 101 mice, Lewis lung tumor (25 mg apiece) was implanted subcutaneously in the right hind limb and the mice separated into various groups and protocols to test treatment with immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic agents. In those treated intralesionally with BCG, the growth of primary tumor was retarded (P smaller than or equal to .05). Tumor growth in animals treated with systemic BCG and serum from tumor-bearing mice was not different from controls. In 14 of 20 mice treated with chemotherapy (semustine and cyclophosphamide), there was no primary or metastatic growth (P smaller than or equal to .01). The observations show that this sort of systemic immunotherapy had no effect on mouse Lewis lung tumor, that intralesionally there was a retarding effect of BCG (although it did not influence metastases), and that this protocol of chemotherapy was strikingly effective.
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PMID:Chemotherapy, BCG, and serum from tumor-bearing mice: comparative effects on growth and spread of mouse Lewis lung cancer. 115 56

Components of mycobacterial cell wall(s) (CW) attached to oil droplets were evaluated for their ability 1) to inhibit the growth of line-10 tumor transplants in the skin of syngeneic guinea pigs when inoculated together with 10(6) tumor cells (suppression experiments) and 2) to regress established 7-day-old intradermal tumors and eradicate microscopic lymph node metastases upon injection into the tumors (regression experiments). CW and cell-wall skeleton (CWS) preparations from Mycobacterium phlei, a fast-growing saprophyte of group IV of the atypical mycobacteria, suppressed tumor growth in essentially all animals when 37.5-mug doses were administered; at a dose of 300 mug, they cured 50-60% of the animals in regression tests. The addition of 300 mug of a purified trehalose mycolate, isolated from M. tuberculosis strain Aoyama B, to 300 mug M. phlei CW or CWS preparations significantly increased their tumor regressive potency to provide cure rates to about 90%. Because M. phlei can be propagated more readily, it can be used advantageously in place of BCG to prepare stable, non-living immunologic adjuvants of defined composition and consistently high potency to meet the need for standards with minimal residual malignant disease.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of cancer: tumor suppression and regression by cell walls of Mycobacterium phlei attached to oil droplets. 115 51

It has been previously demonstrated that transplanted syngeneic tumors established in the skin of inbred (strain-2) guinea pigs regressed and regional lymph node metastases were eliminated after intralesional injection of viable Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). During the course of this reaction there is the development of tumor-specific immunity. This experimental model was further manipulated in order that it would more closely approximate a clinical reality. In the present study an evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the developing tumor-specific immunity in this BCG therapy model, to abrogate artifically induced distant tumor deposits and to assess the requirement for tumor-specific immunity in the local BCG-mediated tumor regression. During BCG-mediated regression of established intradermal tumor, the developing tumor-specific immunity inhibited the growth of artificially induced vascular metastases in animals receiving a 10(4) or 10(5) tumor cell dose. However, there is a direct causal relationship between the distant tumor burden and the escape of skin tumor and regional lymph node metastases from BCG-mediated regression. Thus, multiple tumor deposits as low as 10(4) cells are capable of competing for or preempting tumor-specific immune reactivity, which must be a requirement during some phase of the intralesional BCG-mediated therapy of established tumor and regional lymph node metastases. Thus, a significant therapeutic effect could be achieved in guinea pigs with established skin tumors and limited vascular metastases when the modality of therapy included BCG intralesional injection, followed 6 weeks later by surgery of the treated skin tumor and regional lymph node.
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PMID:Efficacy of intralesional BCG therapy in guinea pigs with disseminated tumor. 117 28

A 77-year-old white man with 64 intracutaneous melanoma metastases and a pulmonary metastatic deposit was treated with immunotherapy. Over an 8-month period, 17 intracutaneous lesions were inoculated with BCG. All 17 injected lesions and all 47 uninjected intracutaneous lesions resolved; no new nodules appeared and the pulmonary metastasis regressed (greater than 50%). This is the first documented case of a pulmonary metastatic focus responding to intralesional BCG therapy of intracutaneous metastases.
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PMID:Regression of pulmonary metastatic disease associated with intralesional BCG therapy of intracutaneous melanoma metastases. 117 29

Despite current surgical therapy, about 80 per cent of patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to lymph nodes succumb to systemic metastatic disease. To determine if postoperative adjuvant immunization with BCG was an effective systemic treatment in these patients with microscopic subclinical metastatic disease, the clinical course of 42 patients treated by operation alone was compared with that of 84 treated by operation and BCG. At two years, the incidence of metastasis in BCG-treated patients was half that of the control group. BCG was more effective in patients with a smaller tumor burden at the time of initial surgical treatment. In patients receiving BCG adjuvant therapy, 90 per cent with microscopic disease in one lymph node appeared free of disease as compared to 40 per cent with macroscopic disease in multiple nodes. In patients with recurrences, an immunotherapeutic effect was demonstrated by a delay of six months in the time to recurrence. Thus, BCG immunotherapy appears to have an inhibiting effect on the "micrometastases" of malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG in treatment of regional-lymph-node metastases from malignant melanoma. 124 48

We evaluated the potential of the B16 melanoma of mice as a model system for BCG immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. We studied a variety of treatment protocols: a) BCG given simultaneously but separately with a small number of B16 cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in only three of eight experiments. b) BCG injected directly into the tumor stimulated tumor growth in three of three experiments; the stimulation was at least partially attributable to the nutrient medium in which the BCG was suspended. c) The B16 tumor was weakly immunogenic and the addition of BCG to a tumor cell vaccine offered little improvement in subsequent resistance to tumor cell challenge: d) In a model of postsurgical residual tumor, metastatic to regional lymph nodes, BCG and tumor cell vaccination did not alter the development of nodal metastases. The B16 melanoma was not a useful model system for BCG immunotherapy, because the tumor inhibition was feeble, inconsistent, and not associated with augmented tumor immunity.
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PMID:Inconsistent response of B16 melanoma to BCG immunotherapy. 125 99

Of 18 patients with renal adenocarcinoma 10 with metastatic disease received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. Objective responses were recorded in 4 patients. When the intradermal route and relatively small amounts of vaccine were used the complications were minimal and self-limiting. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy appears to be more effective than other modalities in the treatment of renal adenocarcinoma. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn since there is no control group. A prospective clinical trial is now in progress at this institution.
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PMID:Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the kidney. 126 10

Results of our study suggest that BCG systemic adjuvant immunotherapy may be effective for improving both the recurrence and survival rates in patients with regional metastases from malignant melanoma. BCG is more effective in patients with small amounts of subclinical disease. It is apparent from results of clinical trials that many of the principles derived from the study of animal tumor systems are applicable to human cancer in that immunotherapy is most effective for a small residual number of tumor cells. BCG treatment fulfills many of the ideal criteria for adjuvant treatment following surgery. It is relatively nontoxic; it is effective for disseminated melanoma; it has systemic activity in the adjuvant treatment of subclinical metastases. Hwever, until clinical trials are complete, this treatment as adjuvant therapy must be considered investigational.
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PMID:BCG immunotherapy as a systemic adjunct to surgery in malignant melanoma. 127 88


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