Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The level of plasma copper (Cu-Pl) and zinc (Zn-Pl) and the level of erythrocyte iron (Fe-RBC), copper (Cu-RBC), and zinc (Zn-RBC) were determined in the blood of 70 normal donors and 138 patients with various solid tumors by diagnostic x-ray spectrometry (DXS), a technique based on x-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis. There were no significant changes in the mean values of Zn-Pl, Fe-RBC, and Cu-RBC in the patients when compared with those of normal donors. The mean level of Cu-Pl in the normal donors was 1.34 +/- 0.37 micrograms/ml; it was significantly increased in the patients, ranging between 1.47 +/- 0.34 micrograms/ml for patients without evidence of active cancer (NED) and 1.91 +/- 0.76 micrograms/ml for patients with hepatic metastases. The most significant change observed was an increase in the Zn-RBC found in the patients with clinical evidence of metastatic spread. Whereas the Zn-RBC level in the normal donors was 9.85 +/- 1.47 micrograms/g wet weight, and not significantly elevated in the NED patients, it was elevated to values of 11.37 +/- 1.55 micrograms/g (P less than 0.004) for patients with soft tissue and hepatic metastases and was 12.34 +/- 1.65 micrograms/g (P less than 0.001) for patients with bone metastases. The data suggest a clear correlation between Zn-RBC and metastatic spread in nonlymphomatous human cancer.
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PMID:Correlation of erythrocyte and plasma levels of zinc, copper, and iron with evidence of metastatic spread in cancer patients. 396 73

Recently, the study of the physiological role of the essential trace elements is being emphasized. Some environmental and disease factors has been demonstrated to perturb trace element homeostasis. A number of recent studies have described alterations in serum copper levels (SCLs) and serum zinc levels (SZLs) in human cancer patients and the relationship between the magnitude of their perturbation and disease activity. This report describes SCLs, SZLs and SCL/SZL ratios in patients with malignant neoplasms of the urogenital tract at various clinical stages and the relationship of the levels of these trace elements to disease activity. According to SCLs before treatment, patients with renal cell carcinoma appeared to be separated into two groups, normal SCL group and higher SCL group. In the higher SCL group, patients generally displayed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, alpha 2 globulin, beta 2 microglobulin, ferritin and CEA. In this group, SCL was a useful index of disease activity. In the normal SCL group, SCLs remained within normal limit even in patients with advanced disease. In renal cell carcinoma, SZLs did not reflect disease activity. In transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, patients with metastasis had significantly elevated SCLs and significantly decreased SZLs, compared with normal controls or patients without metastasis. In transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, no distinct relationships were observed between these trace elements and extent of malignancy. But there was a trend toward increasing SCLs and decreasing SZLs with progressing stage and SCL/SZL ratios fairly reflect stage of disease. Patients with prostatic cancer had nearly normal SCLs and SZLs, although there were a few exceptions. Testicular cancer patients with distant metastasis had significantly elevated SCLs and initially high SCLs decreased in patients responding to therapy and increased again in relapse. SZLs and, hence, SCL/SZL ratios had no relationship to activity of testicular cancer. Currently there is no satisfactory way of following the progress of malignancies of the urogenital tract except prostatic cancer with elevated acid phosphatase and non-seminomatous testicular tumors until the secondary tumor can be detected radiographically. Our study suggests that these trace element might be a useful indicator of disease activity of some of the urogenital malignancies.
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PMID:[Serum copper and zinc levels in patients with malignant neoplasm of the urogenital tract]. 408 94

The former employees of the nickel sintering plant in Copper Cliff, Ontario have a high incidence of carcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. These tumors usually are anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinoma which are aggressive locally and tend to metastasize widely. The prognosis with this disease is poor. It is felt that the occurrence of this small occupational group with a greatly increased incidence of a relatively uncommon carcinoma, merits further investigation.
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PMID:Carcinomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses in former employees of a sinter plant at Copper Cliff, Ontario. 662 Apr 52

Ceruloplasmin was assayed as enzyme activity, as antigen, and as total copper in serum samples from 150 male lung cancer patients and comparable numbers of male controls. By all three assays, ceruloplasmin was significantly increased above the normal before treatment, and the degree of elevation was related to TNM stage [i.e., the International Union Against Cancer classification system based on extent of primary tumor (T), condition of lymph nodes (N), and absence of presence of metastases (M)]. Surgery had no immediate effects, but in patients who evidence of disease for longer periods, ceruloplasmin returned to nearly normal values. High levels of ceruloplasmin was elevated in 6 of 9 patients before tumor recurrence; 2 of 3 smokers (in the first panel of sera) with elevated ceruloplasmin levels subsequently developed lung cancer. The relative merits of the three assays were compared. Some sex- and age-related differences among normal controls were apparent. The results of pilot studies on men with gastrointestinal cancer and women with breast cancer are presented. It is concluded that only in limited situations will assays of ceruloplasmin aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and long-term monitoring of cancer patients.
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PMID:Ceruloplasmin assays in diagnosis and treatment of human lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. 694 65

In a study made in the follow-up clinic on 684 patients with mammary carcinoma it was found that there were 64 cases of local recurrence and 244 cases of distant metastases. In both groups the serum iron and the serum copper balance in blood tests, in relation to the clinical proof of local recurrence and/or distant metastases, was investigated. It was found that there were 43.7% pathological serum iron and serum copper findings with local recurrences and 62.7% with distant metastases. The drift apart tendency of the blood serum values in patients with distant metastases could be proved in 78.7% of the cases and in 77.5% of the cases before any clinical proof. Thus, these observations allow the statement that the blood serum iron and serum copper imbalance in blood tests is of very real value in the early diagnosis of distant metastases.
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PMID:[Serum iron and serum copper balance in the early diagnosis of metastases of breast cancer]. 700 46

Serum copper levels (SCL) and serum zinc levels (SZL) were evaluated in malignant melanoma patients at various clinical stages. Copper levels were generally found to be elevated, reflecting the degree and extent of tumor activity. Zinc levels and, hence, SCL:SZL ratios did not reflect tumor activity. SCL appeared to prognosticate disease progression in that all patients whose values never declined below 150 micrograms/100 ml died during the course of the study. However, not all patients who died from tumor metastases displayed persistent elevations of SCL. Patients receiving BCG immunotherapy appeared to have higher SCL than untreated patients.
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PMID:Serum copper and zinc levels in melanoma patients. 722 78

Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular-weight protein with a high affinity for group II metal ions, especially zinc and copper. MT serves as an intracellular reservoir of these ions, but may also be involved in the detoxification of certain toxic metal ions such as cadmium. In addition, high MT contents might protect tumour cells from alkylating agents and irradiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detected MT overexpression in patients with primary breast carcinoma: 478 patients with primary breast carcinoma diagnosed during the period 1980-1985 were included. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue was used. Immunoreactivity for MT was found to be independent of the length of formalin fixation if the sections were microwave processed before incubation with the primary antibody. Patients were divided into two groups: those with MT overexpression (more than 10% positive tumour cells) and those with low expression (less than 10% positive tumour cells). MT overexpression was correlated with postmenopausal status, large tumour size, presence of lymph node metastases, high number of mitoses, severe nuclear pleomorphism, high histological grade (poor differentiation), and absence of PgR. In univariate analysis of survival data, MT overexpression was a predictor of poor overall survival in the entire group of patients. In multivariate analysis, MT overexpression failed to be of prognostic significance, whereas classical histopathological parameters such as tumour size, histological grade, and PgR were of independent prognostic significance.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detectable metallothionein in primary breast carcinomas. 761 58

The authors report two cases of resistant to standard treatment tumors cured by fast neutrons. The recurrence-free period after the treatment with 6.0 MeV neutrons lasted 5 and 2 years for follicular thyroid cancer and breast cancer metastases, respectively. To avoid acute radiation reaction of the laryngeal mucosa copper laser radiation was used.
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PMID:[A case of successful treatment of resistant tumors with fast neutrons]. 784 7

Metallothioneins are ubiquitous proteins with a high affinity for heavy metal ions, e.g. zinc, copper and cadmium. Experimentally, metallothionein over-expression in cell lines derived from a variety of cancers has been associated with resistance to anticancer drugs and irradiation therapy. Using a monoclonal antibody (E9) to metallothionein we investigated immunoreactive expression in routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue from 63 cases of malignant melanoma and 13 secondary deposits. Whereas a variety of cells in normal skin showed metallothionein expression, all forms of benign naevi studied were uniformly negative. In contrast 13/30 'thin' (< or = 1.5 mm; 0.7 +/- 0.4), 25/29 'thick' malignant melanoma (> 1.5 mm; 5.5 +/- 3.9) and 12/13 metastases were positive. Six patients with thin and 19 with thick melanoma with metallothionein expression died during a mean observation period of 6.4 +/- 1.8 and 3.6 +/- 2.5 years, respectively, their survival distribution function analyses giving statistically significant results for both the vertical tumour thickness (P < 0.0001) and metallothionein expression (P < 0.0001). These immunohistochemical results, based on routinely processed paraffin-embedded tissue, suggest that metallothionein expression in malignant melanoma is significantly associated with progressive disease and might therefore be a useful prognostic indicator.
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PMID:Immunohistochemically demonstrated metallothionein expression in malignant melanoma. 822 44

Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight proteins with a high affinity for heavy metal ions such as zinc, copper and cadmium. MT over-expression has been associated with resistance against anticancer drugs. In the present study we investigated 86 cases (45 cases of tumour category pT1 and 41 of category pT2) of routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded primary breast carcinomas immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody to an epitope of MT shared by its I and II isoforms. Immunohistochemically demonstrated MT over-expression was found in the invasive components of 7 of 32 pT1 and 17 of 28 pT2 invasive ductal carcinomas, whereas all 26 invasive lobular carcinomas gave weak or negative results. Fourteen of 17 pT2 and 2 of 7 pT1 invasive ductal carcinomas with MT over-expression developed metastases during follow-up with poor prognostic outcome. In contrast only 3 of 11 pT2 and none of the 25 pT1 cases without MT over-expression had a poor clinical course (P < 0.001). It is concluded that MT over-expression is associated with significantly poor prognosis particularly in pT2 invasive ductal breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Presence and possible significance of immunocytochemically demonstrable metallothionein over-expression in primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. 838 80


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