Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At the Symposium in Teheran two aspects of radiotherapy in mammary cancer came up for discussion: post-operative radiotherapy and the possibilities of conservative treatment, combining tumorectomy ("lumpectomy", "tylectomy ") for stage 1 cases. The place of post-operative irradiation was discussed in relationship to the appearance of local recurrences, metastases and the survival rates available from published data (therapeutic trials and retrospective studies) and in relationship with a population of 206 cases treated at the Gustave Roussy Institute between 1963 and 1966. The possible relationship between post-operative irradiation and immunity were mentioned. With identical wide surgical excision the essential role of post-operative irradiation consists of diminishing in a significant fashion the level of local recurrences. With more restricted surgery of the simple mastectomy type one asks whether irradiation could not replace radical node dissections. It should be reserved for the bad N+ cases. A retrospective study of 44 cases coded T1 NO/N1 MO/PevO treated by tumorectomy and cobalt 60 was compared with 44 matching cases which differed only in their local treatment which consisted of wide surgical excision. The survival actuarial rate at 8 years is 88.6% for the more conservatively treated group compared with 73% for the radical group. In order to provide a quite impartial result a WHO therapeutic trial was begun in 1972.
 ...
PMID:[Current data on radiotherapy of breast cancer]. 121 24

154 cases of breast cancer (30 T1-52; 124 T3-54) treated by irradiation followed by radical mastectomy were subjected to histological revision in order to check the efficacy of radiotherapy in the local control of cancer and to seek correlations between the histological findings and the clinical course of the disease. The tumor disappeared completely only in 24% of cases, the percentage being higher in the initially smaller tumors; the axillary lymph nodes showed disappearance of the metastases in a still smaller proportion of cases, namely 15-20%. Only in 16 cases (10% of cases) were the histological findings negative both at mammary and axillary levels. X-ray therapy and cobalt therapy were of equal value in the local control of the disease, despite the higher doses of cobalt. The patients operated on after radiotherapy had a decidedly better survival rate than those treated with irradiation only, since the former were selected because of their better clinical course and operated on because of this. Of the operated patients those whose axillary histology was negative presented a higher survival rate (75% of patients living) than those whose findings were positive (53%). Factors of negligible importance prognostically were: complete sterilization at mammary and axillary level after radiotherapy, persistence of florid cancer tissue at mammary level and histiocytosis of the axillary lymph nodes. In short, the result of locoregional therapy, even when successful, was not crucial in the general control of the disease, especially in advanced locoregional breast cancer (T3-T4 with axillary metastases).
 ...
PMID:[Correlations between clinical control and histopathologic findings in breast cancer after irradiation and radical mastectomy (author's transl)]. 122 90

In spite of the improvement of surgical techniques used alone or in combination with preoperative radiation therapy, more than 50% of the patients with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder die of distant metastases. Systemic antiblastic polychemotherapy has been reported to achieve a complete remission rate of approximately 30% in patients with infiltrating bladder TCC, although there are still doubts relative to the duration of such complete remissions. This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of a preoperative chemo- and radiotherapeutic treatment modality and the possibility of performing preservative surgery. Thirty-seven patients with bladder TCC stage T2-T4, N0, M0, have been subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the "Rescue M-VEC" scheme of methotrexate 30 mg/m2 +folinic acid 15 mg. after 24 hours on days 1, 15, 22; vinblastine 3 mg/m2 on days 1, 15, 22; epidoxorubicin 30 mg/m2 on day 1 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1. The course was repeated from day 29. After 2 "Rescue M-VEC" courses, the patients received pelvic cobalt tele-therapy (CTT) combined with cisplatin 24 mg/m2/week. The patients were then restaged. Those with complete remission (CR) received consolidation radiotherapeutic boost combined with cisplatin 24 mg/m2/week, avoiding radical cystectomy. Such treatment was also given to patients with significant partial remission (PR) who had undergone TUR or partial cystectomy. In all the remaining cases we carried out radical cystectomy. We obtained 45.7% CR, 31.4% PR and 22.8% were non-responders (NR), of 35 patients who were evaluable at restaging. Only 9 radical cystectomies were performed in this series. The overall survival rate was 80.6% at a mean follow-up of 18.1 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Phase I-II pilot study on the efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Rescue M-VEC) and preoperative radiation therapy for infiltrating bladder cancer: results of an 18-month follow-up. 151 Apr 85

Between January 1983 and April 1989, 61 patients with brain metastases of primary breast cancer were treated in the Robert Janker Clinic. To optimize the overall response rates, a simultaneous combination of radiation and chemotherapy was used. The patients median age was 49 (range, 30-67) years and the median performance score, 1 (0-2). The average interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumour and the brain metastases was 38 (range, 3-144) months. A total of 82% of the patients had multiple cerebral metastases. All patients had been pretreated with primary surgery; 79%, with radiation; 74%, with chemotherapy; and 64%, with hormones. Radiotherapy was given using a cobalt 60 machine. The whole brain was irradiated in daily fractions of 1.5 Gy, up to a total dose of 45 Gy. Using a split-course technique, this dose was given in three courses simultaneously with the chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of ifosfamide given daily for 5 days at 2 g/m2 and the nitrosourea derivative carmustine (BCNU) given at 30 mg/m2 on 3 days. The toxicity of the treatment was moderate; no haemotological or gastro-intestinal complications occurred. Complete and mostly irreversible alopecia occurred in all cases. All patients received a cranial computerized tomographic (CT) scan prior to and after treatment. According to the criteria of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), there was a complete remission (CR) in 20% of the patients and a partial remission (PR) in 45%; 20% had a minor remission (MR) and 7% showed no change (NC) in the tumour. Another 7% of the patients experienced a progression of their metastases (PD). The median survival was 8 months for all patients and 12 months for those showing a CR.
 ...
PMID:Palliative radio-chemotherapy with ifosfamide and BCNU for breast cancer patients with cerebral metastases. A 5-year experience. 169 18

Cerebral metastasis is a common manifestation of lung cancer. Presenting signs and symptoms are often grave, and consequently often result in patients being debilitated for the rest of their lives. Radiotherapy has been used to treat a majority of these cases, and is considered as the treatment of choice. At Mackay Memorial Hospital, we collected from 1982 to 1985, the records of 42 lung cancer patients with brain metastasis. All the cases had a histological diagnosis of primary lung cancer; most of them were squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma; only two cases were small cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of brain metastasis was established by computed tomographic scans of the brain and radioisotopic brain scans. Of the 42 cases, 22 received palliative radiotherapy from a cobalt-60 teletherapy machine to the whole brain for a total dose of 30 Gray (Gy) in 10-15 fractions over a time span of 2 to 3 weeks, while the remaining patients only received medical treatment (e.g. cranial decompression with mannitol, steroids, etc.). Most of the patients have already died. In our study, those who received radiotherapy attained considerable palliation of their symptoms and signs, including improvement of their general performance status and neurological function. Although the treatment did not prolong the patient's survival, it did decrease considerably the disability caused by the metastatic disease.
 ...
PMID:Palliative radiotherapy of cerebral metastasis from lung cancer. 169 12

Fifty-seven uveal malignant melanomas (T2: 36.8%; T3: 49.1%) were treated between 1983 and 1989 with Cobalt 60 or/and Ruthenium 106 Rhodium 106 plaques. The mean follow-up was 32 months (from 6 to 69 months). A diminution of tumor size was observed in 88% of the cases, either rapid and marked (57%), or slower and more moderate (31%). A multivariate study showed the radiation dose administered to the tumor edge to be the most significant parameter associated with the tumor control. Seven patients developed metastases, and the probability of survival at 60 months was 83.3%. This probability was identical to that of 59 comparable patients treated, some years before, by enucleation. The most frequent complications were radiation retinopathy (28.1%) and retinal detachment (15.8%). The treated eye was retained in 86% of cases. In 57% of treated eyes, vision remained better or equal to 0.1. The predictive parameters of vision impairment after treatment seemed to be tumor size, tumor site near the macula and the optic nerve, and the radiation dose to the tumor base. The use of Ruthenium 106 Rhodium 106 appeared to be advantageous in controlling the disease as well as in reducing the incidence of complications.
 ...
PMID:[Oncologic and functional results of 57 malignant melanoma of the uvea treated by curietherapy]. 177 10

Twelve dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were treated with 24-40 Gy of cobalt 60 radiation and two doses of intraarterial cisplatin. Improvement in limb function occurred in four dogs, and three dogs, which had only mild initial lameness, had no worsening of their lameness post-treatment. In nine dogs in which local control was evaluable, eight had local failure, with the median (95% CI) duration of local control being 5.9 (4.6, 6.7) months. Two dogs had metastatic disease before therapy, and an additional nine dogs had metastatic disease at a median time of 6.4 months. Pathologic fracture was present in four dogs; two fractures occurred before treatment and two were documented at the time of tumor recurrence. Median (95% CI) survival time for all 12 dogs was 4.9 (3.4, 6.8) months. Excluding the two dogs with preexisting metastatic disease, median survival time was 6.7 months. Three dogs survived longer than 1 year. This mode of therapy was well tolerated and may be considered an alternative to amputation or limb-sparing surgical procedures in selected dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma using cobalt 60 radiation and intraarterial cisplatin. 177 23

Cobalt60 plaque irradiation is one treatment option for patients with recurrent retinoblastoma following conventional external beam irradiation (ERT). Tumorocidal doses can be delivered without excessive risk of normal tissue injury. In patients not considered candidates for xenon arc or cryotherapy, 60Co is an alternative to enucleation. Between 1968 and 1987, 85 patients were treated with 60Co plaques, 72 of whom had failed prior ERT. Age at diagnosis ranged from 1 week to 4 years. There are 37 males and 35 females. Seventy-one patients had bilateral disease and one had unilateral. Three patients had both eyes plaqued. Prior ERT ranged from 30 to 70 Gy (mean 4200 Gy). Time from initial therapy to failure ranged from 13 to 60 months. Cobalt plaques of 10 mm, 15 mm, or 10 x 15 mm were used depending on tumor size and location. Dose prescribed to the apex of the tumor ranged from 30 to 50 Gy (median 40 Gy) given over 3 to 8 days. Twelve patients had two plaque applications; three patients had three plaque applications. All patients were followed with routine ophthalmoscopic examinations. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 22 years (mean 8.7). Seven patients died of metastatic disease; 10 patients developed non-ocular second tumors. Thirty patients required enucleation. Twenty-two patients had clear tumor progression, two patients had radiation complications, and six patients had a combination of tumor growth and complications. Cobalt60 can salvage eyes in retinoblastoma patients failing ERT. Currently, we are using I125 in an attempt to spare normal ocular tissue and reduce subsequent complications.
 ...
PMID:Cobalt60 plaques in recurrent retinoblastoma. 186 58

Postirradiation and Paget's osteosarcomas are high-grade malignancies. The five-year survival was only 10% in recent experience at the author's institution. Progressive pain is an important clinical feature in both conditions. Careful roentgenographic studies demonstrate cortical destruction and a soft-tissue mass in virtually all patients. Metastasis was present in 25% of both groups of patients at presentation. In contrast to previous series, more than 80% of the patients with postirradiation osteosarcoma had had irradiation for malignant entities and more than 70% had been treated with modern radiotherapy regimens (cobalt-60 or linear accelerator). Twice as many patients with postirradiation osteosarcoma were evaluated and treated in the 1980s than in the previous decade. The initial indication for irradiation often was carcinoma of the breast, uterus, or cervix, or lymphoma. Two-thirds of the patients had progressive disease that was not controllable within six months after diagnosis. Early detection may be the only effective means of improving survival with postirradiation or Paget's osteosarcoma. These patients require lifelong follow-up evaluations.
 ...
PMID:Survival and management considerations in postirradiation osteosarcoma and Paget's osteosarcoma. 188 30

From 1970 to 1986, 51 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years were operated on for diseases of the thyroid gland, among them 42 with benign diseases (juvenile goiter 21, adenoma 17, Graves' disease 3, Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1) and nine with malignancies (papillary carcinoma 4, follicular carcinoma 3, medullary carcinoma 1, anaplastic carcinoma 1). In benign entities, females were three times as often affected as males, whereas both sexes were equally affected in malignancies. Positive family histories were found in 23.3% of the children with adenomas in 71.4% of the children with juvenile goiters. Subtotal strumectomy was carried out in 30 instances and enucleation in 12. Iodized salt and L-thyroxine were given postoperatively as recurrence prophylaxis. Recurrence was seen in two children (4.8%) who had no recurrence prophylaxis. Symptoms in children with malignancies were palpable cervical lymph nodes and solitary nodes in the thyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy was done in all instances, followed by radio-iodine treatment in eight cases and cobalt 60 irradiation in one case. Two children died, of diffuse metastases and irradiation fibrosis of the lung respectively. The peculiarities of diseases of the thyroid gland in childhood that require surgery are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Surgery for benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid gland in childhood. 190 94


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>