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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent technical and clinical advances in MR of the liver are reviewed with special reference to the role of MR as a primary screening technique for detection of space-occupying lesions, especially metastases. The major current problem in upper abdominal MR imaging is physiologic motions, and this appears to have been effectively solved by newly introduced pulse-sequence and timing-parameter strategies. Short-TR/TE spin-echo sequences with extensive signal averaging and heavy T1-weighting produce images with exceptional anatomic detail and liver-cancer contrast differences. With this sequence superior sensitivity for liver-cancer detection has been shown in quantitative signal-difference to noise comparisons with other pulse sequences and in clinical comparisons with CT. MR discovered 14% more individual metastases and 3% more patients with liver cancer than CT in a blinded comparative study of 142 patients undergoing both exams. MR also showed greater specificity (98%) than CT (91%) in distinguishing patients without liver metastases. Differentiation of hemangioma from metastases was possible with greater than 90% specificity by using heavily T2-weighted sequences. Use of a fast-scan, gradient-recalled echo technique can also produce good-quality, multislice, T1-weighted studies of the liver in 20 sec--a breath-hold. MR contrast agents (such as gadolinium-DTPA and reticuloendothelial-system-specific, superparamagnetic ferrite-iron-oxide particles) offer further promise for enhanced sensitivity for liver-cancer detection. When optimal pulse sequences are employed, MR can now be appropriate as a primary screening method for detecting liver neoplasms.
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PMID:Leo J. Rigler lecture. MR imaging of the liver. 349 Jul 43

Many patients with renal carcinoma have associated anaemia that is not related to the degree of their haematuria. We report our experience with 18 patients who were anaemic with low serum iron at the time of diagnosis. The serum iron was found to be useful as a tumour marker in following the course of the disease. In patients who had no evidence of metastases following radical nephrectomy, the serum iron returned to normal. In those who had residual disease or who developed recurrent disease, the serum iron was low. It was concluded that serum iron is a useful, inexpensive tumour marker in selected patients with renal carcinoma.
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PMID:Serum iron: a tumour marker in renal carcinoma. 380 17

The level of plasma copper (Cu-Pl) and zinc (Zn-Pl) and the level of erythrocyte iron (Fe-RBC), copper (Cu-RBC), and zinc (Zn-RBC) were determined in the blood of 70 normal donors and 138 patients with various solid tumors by diagnostic x-ray spectrometry (DXS), a technique based on x-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis. There were no significant changes in the mean values of Zn-Pl, Fe-RBC, and Cu-RBC in the patients when compared with those of normal donors. The mean level of Cu-Pl in the normal donors was 1.34 +/- 0.37 micrograms/ml; it was significantly increased in the patients, ranging between 1.47 +/- 0.34 micrograms/ml for patients without evidence of active cancer (NED) and 1.91 +/- 0.76 micrograms/ml for patients with hepatic metastases. The most significant change observed was an increase in the Zn-RBC found in the patients with clinical evidence of metastatic spread. Whereas the Zn-RBC level in the normal donors was 9.85 +/- 1.47 micrograms/g wet weight, and not significantly elevated in the NED patients, it was elevated to values of 11.37 +/- 1.55 micrograms/g (P less than 0.004) for patients with soft tissue and hepatic metastases and was 12.34 +/- 1.65 micrograms/g (P less than 0.001) for patients with bone metastases. The data suggest a clear correlation between Zn-RBC and metastatic spread in nonlymphomatous human cancer.
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PMID:Correlation of erythrocyte and plasma levels of zinc, copper, and iron with evidence of metastatic spread in cancer patients. 396 73

The localization of 111In activity in the tumor and draining lymph nodes of the H-4-II-E ACI rat hepatoma was investigated following the injection of 111In-chloride. In this tumor model, the tumors metastasize to the regional lymph nodes in male rats only. The following experiments were performed: (a) biodistribution of 111In; (b) correlation of 111In uptake with [3H]thymidine; (c) gamma camera imaging; (d) autoradiography; (e) iron competition and (f) binding of 131I-transferrin to H-4-II-E cells. Tumor-to-muscle ratios of 111In in males were 4.9:1 in the primary tumor and 9.1:1 in the metastatic lymph nodes 24 h post injection. In the lymph node metastases in the males, a significant correlation between 111In uptake and [3H]thymidine was observed (r = 0.737) suggesting that 111In uptake in the metastases is related to cellular proliferation. No such correlation was observed in either primary tumors (both male and female) or in the draining lymph nodes of the females. Metastatic lymph nodes in males could be detected in gamma camera images while draining nodes in females could not be delineated. Injection of ferric citrate prior to 111In administration resulted in a significant reduction of 111In uptake in the liver, spleen and tumor and increased the amount of activity recovered from the kidney. Measurements of the binding of 131I-labeled rat transferrin to H-4-II-E cells in vitro suggest that these cells display transferrin receptors.
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PMID:Distribution and mechanism of uptake of 111InCl3 in a tumor model for lymph node metastases. 404 44

The diagnostic value of 7 laboratory parameters for the detection of metastases was investigated in 136 patients with verified breast carcinoma after mastectomy. The post-operative interval was 6 to 80 months (means = 27.5). 61 patients had multiple metastases as determined by physical examination, X-rays, computertomography, sonographic and scan procedures, while the other 75 patients had no evidence of metastases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) proved to be reliable parameters for the presence of metastases; the combination of these 3 parameters had a sensitivity of 73.0% and a specificity of 94.7% in the detection of metastases. The additional determination of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), blood sedimentation rate (BSR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum iron (Fe) increased the sensitivity of metastases detection to 83.8%, but the specificity decreased to 46.2%.
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PMID:[Significance of laboratory chemical parameters for the detection of metastases in breast cancer]. 614 67

Ferritins, a group of isomeric proteins that have important functions in iron metabolism and storage, have been demonstrated to be carcinoembryonic antigens. It has been recently shown that a subpopulation of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease or breast cancer bear ferritin on their surface membranes. In view of the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of ascertaining the number of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes, the authors developed a simple indirect immunofluorescent technique for identifying them and used this technique to examine the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 44 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck (26), colon (14), and lung (4). It was found that patients with cancer had a mean percentage of 10% ferritin-bearing lymphocytes in their peripheral blood as compared with 3.1% in controls. Ferritin binding did not appear to be influenced by a cell's capacity to form sheep erythrocyte (E) rosettes since no correlation could be found between the percentages of lymphocytes bearing ferritin and those forming three different varieties of E-rosettes. There appeared to be no correlation of the percentages of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes with clinical staging except for a small, but significant (P less than 0.05), increase in the number of patients with head and neck cancer and nodal metastases. Although the functional significance of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes is currently unknown, the appearance of this subpopulation of cells in the blood appears to be associated with cancer. This assay may prove to be useful as a diagnostic tool, as a prognostic tool, or as a means of identifying patients at a risk for developing cancer and, therefore, it deserves further exploration.
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PMID:Ferritin-bearing lymphocytes in patients with cancer. 636 Mar 36

Sixteen unequivocal, diffuse malignant mesotheliomas ( DMM ) of pleura and eight diffuse pleural tumors simulating DMM , all from autopsied cases, were studied with hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, diastase-periodic acid-Schiff ( DPAS ), colloidal iron, carcinoembryonic antigen, and keratin immunoperoxidase stains. Collagen production by tumor cells when identifiable was diagnostic of DMM and was found not only in sarcomatous and "biphasic" mesotheliomas but also focally in "epithelial" variants. In "epithelial" areas, a constant nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio with variable cell size often imparted a distinctive appearance of regularity, and mucin-negative DPAS -negative vacuoles or ground-glass cytoplasmic zones always could be found. Most metastatic carcinomas featured a high N/C ratio; some but not all had mucicarmine-positive or DPAS -positive vacuoles. Stains for carcinoembryonic antigen and keratin did not discriminate between DMM and metastatic carcinoma. Distant metastases were present in 12 of the 16 DMM cases but were clinically occult in 11 cases.
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PMID:Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of pleura: diagnostic criteria based on an autopsy study. 658 49

Following low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) therapy (15 mg/kg) of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor, the suppressive activity of their Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cells (primarily macrophages) is overcome. Accordingly, when Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cells from CY-treated tumor-bearing mice are added to the in vitro immunization culture of normal spleen cells, they do not suppress but actually bring about the generation of an augmented level of antitumor cytotoxicity. The ability to enhance the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity appears in the Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cell population by Day 5 post-CY therapy of tumor-bearing mice and persists for at least 55 days; no such immunopotentiation is observed following administration of a low dose of CY to normal mice. In order for the immunopotentiating cells from CY-treated tumor-bearing mice to be effective in enhancing the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity, they must be added to the immunization culture of normal spleen cells no later than Day 3 (out of the 5 days) post-culture initiation. The CY-induced immunopotentiating activity resides in the T-cells, as is evident from the following observations. The immunopotentiating activity was abolished when the Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cell population from CY-treated tumor-bearing mice was depleted of T-cells by anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement but not when this adherent spleen cell population was depleted of macrophages by carbonyl iron and magnet. Moreover, the immunopotentiating activity was also present in a population of CY-treated tumor-bearer spleen cells highly enriched for T-cells by passage through nylon wool columns. Thus, low-dose CY therapy overcomes the immunosuppressive activity of macrophages and induces the appearance of T-cell-mediated immunopotentiating activity, thereby leading to the development of an augmented level of antitumor cytotoxicity that can cooperate effectively with the tumoricidal activity of CY in the eradication of a late-stage, large s.c. tumor and extensive metastases.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide-induced appearance of immunopotentiating T-cells in the spleens of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. 661 Dec 1

A new double-label histochemical method is described which permits accurate quantitation of macrophage recruitment into neoplastic lesions in situ. Intratumoral macrophages are identified by their capacity to ingest colloidal iron particles from the interstitial fluid. Since colloidal iron is retained in a stable form within these cells for a considerable time, new macrophages that emigrate into the tissue after injection of the colloidal iron are identified by their ability to ingest a second colloid (lanthanum) which can be reliably distinguished from the initial iron label. Preexisting (colloidal iron label) and newly recruited macrophages (lanthanum label) are identified in serial sections by histochemical methods using hydrogen peroxide oxidation to detect iron (blue reaction product) and cleavage of phosphate esters to demonstrate lanthanum (magenta reaction product). The macrophage content and macrophage recruitment were found to vary substantially in individual metastases within the same host.
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PMID:New histochemical method for measuring intratumoral macrophages and macrophage recruitment into experimental metastases. 661 80

The hypothesis that the impaired delayed hypersensitivity reactions noted in humans with iron deficiency might predispose to malignant disease, has been examined in two experimental tumour situations. Dimethylbenzanthracene induced mammary tumours an methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcomas have been studied in female Wistar rats. There is no difference between controls and animals fed on a semi-synthetic iron deficient diet when assessed by induction time, tumour size, total number of tumours, histological characteristics, or incidence of metastases. No support for the hypothesis has been found.
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PMID:Tumour induction by carcinogens in iron deficient rats. 680 88


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