Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are 36 reported cases of metastatic pituitary carcinoma and almost half (44%) of these were associated with syndromes of hormonal hypersecretion. The case of a 56-year-old acromegalic man with cervical lymphatic and spinal metastases from a primary pituitary carcinoma is described. Elevated basal levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1/Somatomedin C (IGF-1/SmC) were found. GH levels did not increase after TRH or LHRH administration but decreased after L-Dopa and glucose. Immunostaining of the metastatic tumor for GH and electron microscopy findings confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary GH-secreting carcinoma. Striking clinical improvement and a 46% decrease in plasma GH levels were observed with bromocriptine treatment, although IGF-1/SmC levels increased during therapy. The clinical course of most reported cases of pituitary adenocarcinoma has been one of progressive intracranial expansion of a pituitary neoplasm. In only 25% were metastatic lesions discovered antemortem, and disabling symptomatology caused by metastases was rare. Only four previously reported patients of 36 with pituitary carcinoma had acromegaly.
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PMID:Pituitary adenocarcinoma in an acromegalic patient: response to bromocriptine and pituitary testing: a review of the literature on 36 cases of pituitary carcinoma. 266 75

Proliferation capacity and MHC class I antigen expression of two Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) metastatic variants (C87, BC215) grown under defined experimental conditions (serum-free defined medium or 10 per cent serum) have been studied following exposure to MoAb 135-13C which recognizes on these cells a tumor surface protein of 180,000 daltons (TSP-180). The results of this study indicate that the high metastatic clone (C87) binds higher amounts of MoAb to TSP-180 and Db antigens than does the low metastatic one (BC215), while both clones express very low amounts of Kb antigens. 3LL clones grown in 10 per cent serum or adapted in serum-free, defined medium show the same metastatic phenotype and MHC class I antigen expression, but when grown in defined medium exhibit increased capacity to bind MoAb 135-13C. However, the relative binding rate of 3LL clones grown in 10 per cent serum or in defined medium is unchanged: the high metastatic clone always showing higher capacity to bind MoAb to TSP-180. Furthermore, comparison of EGF binding sites on the cell surface of 3LL clones, grown in different culture conditions, demonstrates that the C87 clone binds higher amounts of labelled EGF and that this amount increases in serum-free defined medium, exactly as reported for TSP-180. In addition, competition experiments demonstrated that MoAb 135-13C does not compete for EGF binding sites on 3LL cell surface. Studies on cell proliferation following exposure to MoAb 135-13C, revealed that the low metastatic clone (BC215) is more actively stimulated than the high metastatic one. Moreover, similar data were obtained after exposure of 3LL clones to physiological amounts of different growth factors (i.e. EGF, MSA, insulin). Analysis of MHC class I antigen expression following exposure to MoAb 135-13C indicated that MoAb 135-13C induces on the cell surface of the C87 clone a transient low modulation of Db antigens. These results suggest that 3LL cells endowed with lower metastatic potential are more dependent on the microenvironmental conditions than the high metastasizing ones, and that MoAb 135-13C binding to 3LL cell surface stimulates proliferation as reported for several known growth factors.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Stimulation of tumor cell growth in vitro by a monoclonal antibody to a tumor specific protein (TSP-180) present on the cell surface of 3LL cells. 278 40

The emotional-pain stress (EPS) in C57BL mice with Lewis carcinoma was studied for its influence on serotoninergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, aspartatergic, glycinergic, taurinergic, GABA-ergic and cholinergic mediator mechanisms of the hypothalamus, the level of corticotropin, free and bound 11-corticosteroids, insulin, thyroxin and testosterone in blood plasma as well as on the content of catecholamines, their precursors and catabolites in urine. EPS contributed to a long-term activation of stress-realizing systems resulting in generalization of decompensation in them. The stimulating effect of EPS on the incidence and growth of metastases is established depending on the terms of its application.
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PMID:[The effect of emotional-pain stress syndrome on the biochemical characteristics of the stress-realizing system and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice]. 279 54

A 46-year-old man had a 7-year history of severe rash, which was then diagnosed as necrolytic migratory erythema. He had a weight loss of 6 kg, abnormal glucose tolerance test findings, anemia, glossitis, hair loss, and hypoproteinemia. Plasma amino acids levels were significantly decreased, and the fasting plasma glucagon (IRG) level was high at 5000 to 8000 pg/ml. Circulating IRG significantly increased after oral glucose loading, meal ingestion, and arginine infusion, and decreased with somatostatin infusion and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. No other gut or pancreatic hormone levels in plasma were elevated. Plasma IRG was eluted by gel-filtration, mainly in the position of true glucagon (MW 3500) by antiserum 30K. The rash was markedly improved after infusion of amino acids. Computerized tomography (CT) scan and celiac angiography revealed a large pancreatic tumor with multiple liver and lymph node metastases. The pancreatic tumor was totally resected, and was identified as glucagonoma by immunohistochemical technique. Since the plasma IRG levels remained high after surgery, the patient received dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide therapy. After several courses of this treatment, plasma IRG levels decreased to 1000 to 2000 pg/ml, and the hepatic metastases were remarkably diminished in size.
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PMID:A functional study of a case of glucagonoma exhibiting typical glucagonoma syndrome. 286 23

Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of glucagon, gastrin, insulin, and somatostatin in normal canine pancreatic islets and 20 canine islet cell tumors were done using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. In the normal adult canine pancreas, islets typically consisted of clusters of 20-30 cells, but smaller foci and even individual cells were identified. Alpha cells (glucagon) were often peripherally located, beta cells (insulin) were centrally located and most numerous, and delta cells (somatostatin) were the least numerous and randomly located. Both juvenile and adult canine pancreases did not stain for gastrin. Of the 20 tumors examined, 18 had positive immunoreactivity for insulin, nine for glucagon, 14 for somatostatin, and one for gastrin. Two tumors were uninterpretable due to autolysis. Three tumors were pure insulinomas, but no pure somatostatinomas, glucagonomas, or gastrinomas were identified. Most tumors and metastases had mixed positive immunoreactivity; one neoplastic cell type predominated with lesser numbers of other cell types. Metastatic sites (liver and lymph node) stained for insulin and somatostatin, only. Foci of non-neoplastic islet cell tissue (nesidioblastosis), often located at the pancreatic-mesenteric junction, stained strongly positive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin but not for gastrin. The tumor staining pattern did not consistently correlate with tumor function, as determined by blood glucose and serum insulin assays. The PAP technique works well on paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue using rabbit or guinea pig antisera as the primary antibody. Staining occurred on sections of paraffin blocks stored for up to 7 years.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry of normal pancreatic islets and spontaneous islet cell tumors in dogs. 288 53

Thirty-one primary canine pancreatic endocrine tumors and their metastases were studied histologically and immunohistochemically for the presence of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastrin, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Tumors were also evaluated for the presence of amyloid. The cytoarchitectural pattern of 25 of 31 primary tumors was predominantly solid, whereas three tumors were mostly glandular, two were unclassified, and one had a gyriform pattern. Cells with insulin immunoreactivity were found in 30 of 31 tumors and were found in all cases in which there was clinical evidence of inappropriate insulin secretion. Insulin was the only hormone demonstrable in three of the 30 tumors, but cells immunoreactive for other hormones were also present in various combinations in most tumors [i.e., glucagon (13 of 30), somatostatin (17 of 30), PP (25 of 30), and gastrin (2 of 30)]. One tumor contained only cells with glucagon and PP immunoreactivity. Amyloid was found in ten of 31 primary tumors but was not detected in metastases. Cells with insulin immunoreactivity were the only cell type consistently present in tumors containing amyloid. Amyloid deposits did not immunoreact with any of the antisera. Seventeen of 31 dogs had metastasis of the pancreatic endocrine tumor to regional lymph nodes, liver, or both. All metastases available for study (15 of 17) contained cells with insulin immunoreactivity and some contained cells with PP or somatostatin immunoreactivity. No statistically significant (P greater than 0.05) differences in tendency to metastasize were found when pancreatic endocrine tumors were compared by region of origin, cytoarchitectural pattern, presence of amyloid, or by number of hormones contained within the tumor.
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PMID:Canine pancreatic endocrine tumors: immunohistochemical analysis of hormone content and amyloid. 288 54

Long-acting somatostatin analogues such as SMS 201-995 (Sandoz) are being evaluated in a wide range of clinical indications, including gut neuroendocrine tumours and acrogemaly. Long-term continuous SMS 201-995 treatment has achieved useful symptomatic improvement in diarrhoea in 4 patients with metastatic VIPomas who had relapsed following previous treatment. Clinical improvement has outlasted suppression of VIP secretion (suggesting an additional direct antisecretory action of SMS 201-995) and has occurred despite expansion of hepatic metastases. In 6 patients with tumours secreting gastrin and/or glucagon, secretion of these peptides was acutely inhibited by SMS 201-995. However, endocrine and clinical responses to chronic treatment have been less consistent. SMS 201-995 is active orally at doses of 4-8 mg and when given thrice-daily to 6 patients with active acromegaly, suppressed mean 24-h growth hormone levels by 51-88%. Despite significantly reduced plasma insulin concentrations, glucose tolerance did not deteriorate. SMS 201-995 was also effective in suppressing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone secretion in a patient with mild thyrotoxicosis due to non-tumoural inappropriate TSH hypersecretion. In all cases SMS 201-995 treatment has been well tolerated and has few side-effects.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of SMS 201-995. Long-term treatment in gut neuroendocrine tumours, efficacy of oral administration, and possible use in non-tumoural inappropriate TSH hypersecretion. 289 35

Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features of three human insulinomas, one with metastases and the other two with psammoma bodies and amyloid, respectively, are described. Neoplastic cells of all patients reacted with antihuman insulin antibody using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells consisted of light cells and dark cells, both of which had a large number of secretory granules, microfilaments, ceroid bodies, and phagolysosomes. Psammoma bodies seemed to originate from neoplastic cell debris in one tumor. In another case, amyloid fibrils appeared to be produced by tumor cells, and there was a close association of amyloid with secretory granules.
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PMID:Morphologic study of three cases of insulinoma. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies. 298 4

A woman with a multiple-hormone-producing pancreatic islet cell tumor with hepatic metastases and with recurrent hypoglycemic attacks, was treated with streptozotocin. After this treatment, the elevated serum levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and serotonin fell markedly and the low level of fasting blood glucose returned to normal. In accordance with these hormonal changes, scintiscan and CT scan revealed marked regression of the metastatic tumors in the liver. She is alive at this writing, five years after the streptozotocin treatment. Streptozotocin should thus be considered for treatment of malignant islet cell carcinoma with liver metastases and which is not amenable to surgery.
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PMID:Streptozotocin effective for treating multiple-hormone-producing malignant islet cell tumor. 298 54

A 12-year-old female Irish Setter was examined because of recurrent episodes of hindlimb weakness. The dog was not ataxic, but had generalized muscular atrophy, decreased patellar reflexes, and slow proprioception. Blood glucose content was low (32 mg/dl) and the amended insulin-glucose ratio was high (9,600). Electromyographic studies showed evidence of polyneuropathy. The diagnosis was functional islet B-cell tumor with peripheral neuropathy. Exploratory laparotomy was performed. Widespread metastases were observed and the dog was euthanatized because of the poor prognosis. The dog was necropsied and the diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of microscopic findings.
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PMID:Peripheral polyneuropathy in a dog with functional islet B-cell tumor and widespread metastasis. 299 11


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