Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroglobulin concentrations were determined radioimmunologically in the sera of 53 patients operated for thyroid carcinoma. 37 patients without metastases or recurrence had either very low (up to maximally 15 ng/ml) or non-demonstrable thyroglobulin concentrations, whereas 16 patients with metastases showed values of more than 40 ng/ml up to maximal values of more than 1000 ng/ml. In the majority of patients follow-up controls, in part up to 2 years, were performed. A far-reaching conformity of thyroglobulin concentrations with scintigraphic or clinical findings of metastases was shown. Thyroglobulin estimation in operated thyroid cancer patients is thus an important contribution to the aftercare.
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PMID:[Serum thyroglobulin estimation for follow-up of patients with thyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. 46 54

A specific double antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of Thyroglobulin (HTg) in human serum was developed according to the method of Van Herle. The sensitivity of the assay is 2.5 ng/ml. The mean concentration of HTg in 47 normal subjects was 15,1 ng/ml. Elevated HTg levels were found in patients with Graves' disease (12 cases) and in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (14 cases). In patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma the Tg level increases under stimulation by endogenous TSH. Sera obtained after total thyroid ablation for thyroid carcinoma did not contain demonstrable amounts of HTg. This technique was also applied to the assay of HTg in thyroid tissue.
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PMID:[Human thyroglobulin radioimmunoassay--Preliminary results in serum and thyroid tissue (author's transl)]. 58 4

Prognostic factors and therapeutic results in a group of 268 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) aged over 60 years are reported. These cases were selected from a total of 1457 DTC-patients seen at our Center from 1967 to 1987. All elderly patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and were treated with 131I therapy and suppressive hormonal therapy. Moreover, external radiotherapy was performed in 20% and chemotherapy in 3.8% of all cases. Follow-up included periodical clinical examination, serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) determination, 131I total body scan (TBS), and echographic and radiologic survey. Several unfavorable prognostic factors were identified in elderly patients with DTC. In comparison with data obtained in a group of patients under 60 years of age, 1) the follicular histologic type was increased, papillary/follicular ratio was 1.1 vs 2.6; 2) the F/M ratio was decreased, 1.5 vs 2.8 for papillary tumors, and 1.7 vs 3.6 for follicular tumors; 3) the rate of cases with local extrathyroid tumor growth and distant metastases was higher, and 4) rates of metastases to bone and metastases with low 131I uptake were increased. Moreover, the 10-year survival rate in elderly patients with lymph node and distant metastases was significantly reduced compared to younger patients, both for papillary and follicular cancer. The finding of detectable serum Tg levels was well correlated with the presence of metastatic disease. Moreover, Tg sensitivity was higher than TBS in showing the presence of metastatic foci. DTC in elderly people must be considered an aggressive tumor both for follicular and papillary histologic types. A radical approach is recommended: total thyroidectomy, 131I administration, and suppressive hormonal therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the elderly. 129 48

In a total of 1665 patients with malignant thyroid neoplasms 90 oxyphilic thyroid carcinomas (OTC) were found of whom 55 could be re-examined and newly classified. Morphological and clinical parameters influencing the clinical course were determined. During a mean follow-up period of 6.5 y metastases or local recurrent disease occurred in 12 patients (24%). Apart from 3 early manifestations of metastases, 9 patients developed recurrent disease within, on average, 4.7 y after thyroidectomy: local lymph node metastases and local recurrences occurred within an average of 5.4 y, distant metastases after only 2.7 y. Thyroglobulin proved to be reliable for follow-up with a sensitivity of 88% on levothyroxine and 75% on endogenous TSH-stimulation (specificity: 98%). The frequency of metastases and local recurrences correlated with age at the time of tumor diagnosis, the degree of invasiveness and the local tumor extension (pT4 vs. pT1-3), whereas other factors such as the absolute diameter of the tumor or patient's sex had no influence on the clinical course. The survival probability for 5 and 10 years was 95 and 75%, respectively. All OTC patients should be examined regularly at least once a year by cervical sonography and thyroglobulin measurement. Because 18% recurrences occurred within 4.7 y such examinations should be repeated beyond year 5 after thyroidectomy.
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PMID:[The clinical course of oxyphilic carcinoma of the thyroid]. 149 62

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a sensitive marker for detection of metastatic disease in patients who have been operated on for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A high serum Tg value during thyroxine suppression therapy is indicative of metastatic disease, but the sensitivity is enhanced by the endogenous TSH response occurring when thyroxine medication is withheld. False-negative values before thyroxine withdrawal can be demonstrated in about 20% of the patients in our material. If not all thyroid tissue has been eradicated the interpretation of the serum Tg can be difficult. Tg cannot be used to differentiate benign from malignant disease prior to surgery.
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PMID:Thyroglobulin in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 194 63

This study compared serum thyroglobulin measurement and whole-body scans in the post-surgical follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroglobulin levels were measured in 61 patients receiving L-thyroxine therapy after thyroidectomy, and again after suspension of therapy, before performing a whole-body scan with iodine-131. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of thyroglobulin levels, measured during L-thyroxine therapy, for diagnosis of tumor residue or metastases were then calculated and compared with results obtained by diagnostic whole-body scanning. Our data show that neither thyroglobulin levels nor whole-body scans alone can discriminate between patients with or without metastases. Sensitivity reached 95.7%, specificity 100%, and accuracy 96.7% if results of both procedures were also taken into consideration. We conclude that in the management and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma both parameters need to be evaluated.
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PMID:Can iodine-131 whole-body scan be replaced by thyroglobulin measurement in the post-surgical follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma? 188 May 88

Thyroglobulin, a marker for thyroid vesicles, is a normal constituent of serum. For the last ten years, thyroglobulin has been routinely assayed using a radioimmunologic double antibody technique. In children, normal values are usually under or equal to 30 ng/ml. Neonates have higher levels. The main indications of thyroglobulin assays in pediatrics include diagnosis of metastases of differentiated thyroid epitheliomas and etiologic diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin assays are less helpful in the other childhood thyroid diseases (goiter, hyperthyroidism).
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PMID:[Thyroglobulin and thyroid pathology in children]. 264 42

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the sensitivity, specificity and applicability of several tissue markers in the determination of the primary sites of metastatic tumors. The immunoperoxidase technique was used in 19 metastatic tumors from breast (6), gastrointestinal tract (6), thyroid (3), prostate (1), ovary (1), pancreas (1) and melanoma (1). Polyclonal antisera against thyroglobulin and prostatic specific antigen were used. The following monoclonal antibodies were employed: BRST-1, BRST-2, CAR-3, BD-5 and HMB-45. BRST-1 and BRST-2 are considered to be breast cancer markers, while CAR-3 and BD-5 gastrointestinal markers. HMB-45 was described as a melanoma marker. Breast markers were positive for 3 out of 6 breast metastases. BRST-1 was also positive for metastases from melanoma and prostate. CAR-3 and BD-5 were positive for 5 out of 6 gastrointestinal metastases. CAR-3 also presented focal positivity for 4 out of 6 breast metastasis, 1 out of 3 thyroid metastasis and for metastasis from ovary, prostate, pancreas and melanoma. BD-5 was also positive for prostate metastasis. Thyroglobulin and prostatic specific antigen were only positive for thyroid and prostate metastasis, respectively. In conclusion, immunocytochemistry and monoclonal antibodies are useful tools in the detection of the primary sites of metastatic tumors of unknown origin. In some of the fields, the results are already satisfactory. Nevertheless, further studies should be carried out to improve this promising technique.
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PMID:[Use of immunohistochemistry in detecting the primary site in neoplasm metastasis]. 269 78

The authors study by means of immunoperoxidase method the pattern of thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine distribution in 58 cases of thyroid disorders: 15 euthyroid goiters, 10 Graves' disease, 7 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 11 folliculo-papillary carcinomas (6 primary tumors and 5 lymph node metastases), 8 follicular carcinomas, 4 anaplastic carcinomas and 3 medullary carcinomas. Thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine were present in most of the thyroid disorders, excepting anaplastic and medullary carcinomas. Thyroglobulin and thyroxine were localized both in the follicular epithelium and in the colloid, whereas triiodothyronine was present especially in the follicular cells. The thyroid hormones distribution in benign lesions is rather similar. In carcinomas, the pattern of thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine is more heterogeneous, but generally the triiodothyronine distribution is similar to that of thyroglobulin. In some carcinomas, triiodothyronine and thyroxine showed a weak or negative immunostaining. The immunoperoxidase method is a valuable tool in the study of functional disturbances in the thyroid pathology and in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma metastases as well. Positive thyroid hormones staining clearly indicates the thyroid origin of metastases.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of thyroid hormones as a functional parameter in thyroid pathology. 293 22

Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is the most common endocrine malignancy managed by the head and neck surgeon. Accepted therapy for differentiated macroscopic (greater than 1 to 1.5 cm) lesions is total or near-total thyroidectomy, followed by radioactive iodine treatment. Followup care usually consists of annual total body scan to rule out the presence of metastatic disease. Thyroglobulin, which is elaborated only by thyroid cells, either normal or metastatic, serves as a tumor marker when all functioning tissue has been ablated. The routine use of thyroglobulin assays obviates the expense and inconvenience of an annual scan. This article reviews the usefulness and limitations of serum radioimmune assays in the postoperative management of differentiated thyroid cancer. We also present several representative cases treated at our institution.
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PMID:Thyroglobulin assays in the postoperative management of differentiated thyroid cancer. 334 30


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