Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two patients with metastatic breast cancer who had not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were entered into a trial of mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 given at three weekly intervals. Thirty-one patients are eligible for assessment. Response was seen in 65% (4/31 complete regression; 16/31 partial regression). Median duration of response was 6 months and median duration of survival was 10 months. Mitoxantrone + cyclophosphamide appears to be an active combination in treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:The use of mitoxantrone plus cyclophosphamide as first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 375 86

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) is an anthraquinone previously shown to be active in human breast cancer. It appears to have less toxicity than doxorubicin. Results of this phase II-III randomized cross-over trial to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone in comparison to doxorubicin, are presented. Patients with measurable, recurrent breast cancer with limited prior chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for metastatic disease, and who had not been exposed to prior doxorubicin, were randomized to receive either mitoxantrone or doxorubicin every three weeks with cross-over on progression. Response rates, duration of remission, time to treatment failure, and drug toxicity, including cardiac toxicity evaluated with serial radionuclide angiocardiography, were evaluated. Differences in the response rates for the two groups were not statistically significant. Neither time to treatment failure nor duration of response are significantly different (p greater than 0.05). With respect to toxicity, mitoxantrone treated patients consistently exhibited a lower incidence and less severe drug toxicity as compared to their doxorubicin-treated counterparts. Cardiac toxicity was carefully monitored and thus four patients on doxorubicin have had drug related congestive heart failure, as compared to none on mitoxantrone. In summary, mitoxantrone appears to be as active as doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy; however, mitoxantrone causes significantly less nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and alopecia at doses which induce equal or greater myelosuppression than doxorubicin, and appears to be less cardiotoxic.
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PMID:A randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer. 389 78

A trial of combination chemotherapy using mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide was started in 1983. Sixteen patients with widely metastatic cancer of the breast, including one man, received mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1, followed by cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/m2 by mouth (PO) daily in divided doses on days 3 to 6. It is too early to evaluate four patients at present. The remaining 12 received three or more courses of treatment, and three of these patients achieved a complete response. Another four patients went into partial remission, amounting to an overall response rate of 58%. The other evaluable patients showed stable disease with improved symptoms. Hematologic toxicity was mainly granulocytopenia, but thrombocytopenia occurred in two patients. Alopecia, nausea, and vomiting were attributed to the cyclophosphamide component of the therapy. Mitoxantrone appeared to have no cardiac toxicity. It was concluded that mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide is an effective chemotherapeutic combination with minimal toxicity and should be further studied in larger controlled trials.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide in advanced breast cancer: a pilot study. 638 60

Thirty-four patients with advanced breast cancer, who had not received previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease, were treated with mitoxantrone 14 mg/m2 i.v. every 21 days. Eleven of 33 evaluable patients (33%) achieved a partial response; there were no complete responders. Before commencing mitoxantrone, and 3-monthly thereafter, radionuclide assessment of ventricular performance was obtained at rest and in response to stress. Ten patients showed a deterioration in ejection fraction, two of whom developed congestive cardiac failure. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Nausea and vomiting were generally mild and transient. Alopecia was minimal in most patients. Mitoxantrone is an active, well-tolerated new drug in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, but cardiotoxicity may occur in a proportion of patients. Further investigation is required to determine the precise nature, incidence and prognosis of cardiotoxicity encountered with mitoxantrone.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer--a phase II study with special attention to cardiotoxicity. 654 Jan 79

A phase II study to test the toxicity and the efficacy of a weekly combination of Mitoxantrone, 5-Fluorouracil and L-Leucovorin (MFL) was carried out in 43 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Chemotherapy consisted of mitoxantrone 4 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 375 mg/m2, and L-leucovorin 100 mg/m2 on day 1, weekly. Patient characteristics were: median age 53 years (range 36-65); estrogen receptor (ER) status was known in 26 patients and of these 15 (57.7%) patients were ER-positive and 11 (42.3%) ER-negative. Of the 43 patients, 25 (58.1%) and 18 (41.9%) patients had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy and prior adjuvant endocrine treatment, respectively. MFL was administered to 22 (51.1%) patients as first line chemotherapy for advanced disease, while 21 (48.9%) patients had received 1 to 2 cytotoxic regimens for metastatic disease. The dominant sites of metastases were: soft tissue in 11 (25.5%) patients, bone in 8 (18.6%) patients and viscera in 24 (55.9%). All patients were assessable for toxicity: only 8 patients experienced WHO grade 3 leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, stomatitis, and nausea/vomiting were negligible. Anemia and alopecia were not observed. Thirty-nine patients were assessable for response: overall response rate was 28.2% (complete response 7.7% and partial response 20.5%). Median duration of response was 12 months (range 6-34). Patients with no prior anthracyclines had a 42.1% response rate compared to 15% in patients who had received anthracyclines. Median overall survival of the 43 patients was 6 months (range 1-34). Weekly MFL is a well-tolerated and a moderately effective regimen for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of weekly mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in metastatic breast cancer. 794 11

Ninety-three evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy, received mitoxantrone as a single agent (14 mg/m2, by rapid intravenous infusion, once every 3 weeks). Patients received a median of 7 courses (range 2 to 18), with a mean cumulative total dose of 133 mg (range 36 to 342). A complete response (CR) was achieved in 2 patients (2%). Partial response (PR) was observed in 23 patients (25%). The overall response rate (CR+PR) was thus 27%, with a median duration of 9 months (range 3 to 18). Responses were observed in all metastatic sites, except for brain and peritoneum. Stabilization (S) occurred in 26 patients (28%). The remaining 42 patients (45%) showed clear progression of their metastatic disease while on therapy. The actuarial 24-month survival for the whole group was 13%, increasing to 29% in responders (CR+PR), as compared with only 10% for non-responders (S+P; P < 0.0001). Mitoxantrone was generally well tolerated; nausea, vomiting and hair loss were mild. Nine out of 625 treatment cycles resulted in leukopenic fever with uneventful recovery. All patients had serial MUGA scans; 3 patients (cumulative total doses of 200, 250 and 342 mg, respectively) developed a significant drop in the left ventricular ejection fraction. Clinical evidence of congestive heart failure was observed in one patient who had received prior doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Mitoxantrone seems to be as effective as other drugs given singly or in combination as second-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Its low morbidity makes its use attractive in this setting.
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PMID:Second-line chemotherapy with mitoxantrone as a single agent in metastatic breast cancer. 845 64

From January 1992 to July 1993, 28 patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered in a phase II trial to assess the activity and toxicity of the combination of mitoxantrone, 5-fluoruracil, and leucovorin. Patients were eligible if they had progressive disease after either adjuvant (2 patients) or previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease (26 patients). Twenty-five patients (89.2%) had received previous anthracycline-based therapy. Predominant site of metastatic disease was visceral in 22 patients, bone in 2 patients, soft tissue in 4 patients, and the majority of patients (89.2%) had two or more sites of disease. The regimen was administered according to the following schedule: Mitoxantrone 9-12 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1; L-Leucovorin 150 mg i.v. over 1 hour before 5-Fluorouracil 350 mg/m2 i.v. push days, 1, 2 and 3. Courses were repeated every 21 days. Twenty-six patients were evaluable for response. We observed 2 complete responses, 5 partial responses with a median duration of 38 weeks (range 23-68). The objective response rate was 27% (95% C.I., 10% to 44%). Myelo-suppression was the most frequent toxicity, but it was mild in the majority of patients. Nine episodes of fever and neutropenia occurred in six patients but none of these episodes was fatal. No clinical evidence of cardiotoxicity was observed. At a median follow-up of 78 weeks, the median time to progression was 20.5 weeks and the median overall survival was 48 weeks. We conclude that this regimen is well tolerated and in our experience the objective response rate is similar to other salvage chemotherapy regimens.
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PMID:Salvage chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: an experience with the combination of mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil, and L-leucovorin. 873 80

The present pilot study included 31 evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer. All patients had disease progression following first-line treatment for their metastatic disease (by hormonal treatment or chemotherapy). Twenty patients had previously received Adriamycin as either adjuvant or palliative treatment. The patients were treated by Navelbine 25 mg/m2, Mitoxantrone 6 mg/m2 (both drugs on days 1 and 8) with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 300 mg/m2 as continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 to 14, and to be recycled on day 29. The overall response rate was 58%, and 50% for those who had received prior Adriamycin. The median time to progression was 8.5 months and the 1-year survival rate for the whole group was 45%. Grade III or IV neutropenia was the dose-limiting toxicity being encountered in 28% of the treatment courses with toxic death in 1 patient.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic breast cancer by navelbine, mitoxantrone and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (FMN regimen): results of a pilot study. 880 59

It is the purpose of the study to assay the possibility of demonstrating axillary lymph status through marking and biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes. Preoperative lymphotropic marking of sentinel lymph nodes is performed in 48 female patients presenting mammary gland carcinoma, measuring up to two centimeters. Drimaren 0.5 ml (in 18 cases), Mitoxantrone (17 cases) or Patent Blue (13 cases) each are perineoplastically injected in two points. Intraoperatively, in 34 patients blue stained lymph nodes (from Patent Blue and Mitoxantrone mainly) are identified, and compared with the results of axillary dissection. Metastases in sentinel nodes are documented in seven instances. In the remainder (30) which are histologically negative, lymph node metastasis II level is discovered in one case (false negative = 3.3 per cent). As shown by the initial observations perioperative marking of lymph nodes with Patent Blue and Mitoxantrone contribute to demonstrate sentinel nodes, and by biopsy study of the latter it is possible to judge about the pattern of lymph metastasizing of mammary gland carcinoma.
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PMID:[The lymphotropic marking and biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in T1 tumors--a new approach to the staging of axillary lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer]. 973 49

Prostate cancer is the most common tumor and second most common cause of cancer death in American men. Advanced prostate cancer patients commonly have painful skeletal bony metastases. Although hormonal therapy is very effective initially, hormone-refractory prostate cancer may be associated with bone pain and other symptoms such as urinary obstruction. Aside from oral and parenteral non-narcotic and narcotic medications, several recent FDA-approved outpatient medications are effective for palliation of painful bony metastases. Mitoxantrone chemotherapy in combination with glucocorticoids and the radioisotopes strontium-89 and samarium-153-lexidronam are now available. Urologic nursing personnel should be familiar with these new and complementary modalities.
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PMID:Prostate cancer in the late 1990s: hormone refractory disease options. 1063 63


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