Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a human colorectal carcinoma. LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in beta-estradiol-pretreated athymic mice, and the development of metastases in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the mice, 66% of the animals developed "metastases" to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these mice, 100% also developed multiple tumors on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of tumor growth. In 33% of the mice in which primary LS174T tumors had been removed from the hindfoot pad, metastases to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after tumor implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female mice bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node metastases were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an IgG1) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an IgG1), which did not bind LS174T tumor cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and tumor-bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in tumor divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for LS174T tumors in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal metastases (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these mice were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing LS174T tumor showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within tumor sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the LS174T tumor cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by LS174T tumor-bearing nodes in mice suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal metastases to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.
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PMID:Lymphoscintigraphy of human colorectal carcinoma metastases in athymic mice by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody. 347 48

In order to test the contention that metastasis is a selective process and that therefore metastases might show a more restricted pattern of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics than primary tumors, we compared the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, Ca 19-9, secretory component, serotonin, and mucin production as well as flow cytometric data on DNA content and percentage of S-phase cells in 87 primary large bowel carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. In a majority of the cases primary tumors and their metastases were largely identical with regard to the examined phenotypic features. In discrepant cases, however, metastases did not invariably show a more restricted pattern than primary tumors, indicating high differentiational plasticity of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells. In contrast, in a number of cases genotypic discrepancies were observed. We conclude that phenotypic characteristics of colorectal cancer cells cannot be used to study the pathogenesis of lymph node metastasis. Genotypic studies, however, suggest that lymphogenic metastasis may be a selective event.
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PMID:Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic features in human primary large bowel carcinomas and lymph node metastases. 347 70

The effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in male, random bred, Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and inbred Wister/Furth (W/Fu) rats and on isograft tumor growth and metastases in a Brown Norwegian (BN) X W/Fu F1 rat was studied. 13-cis-RA (300 mg/kg diet) was administered to S-D rats 1 week before commencing DMH injections and for the duration of the experiment. W/Fu rats received 13-cis-RA (10 mg/kg weight X 5 days) 6 weeks after DMH injection had begun and monthly thereafter. Primary tumors were detected by serial laparotomy under ether anesthesia in both strains. The time to tumor onset was significantly delayed in treated groups, S-D and W/Fu, P = 0.0339 and 0.0322, respectively (Mantel-Haenszel test), compared with placebo-treated controls. 13-cis-RA (15 mg/kg weight) administered 2 days before and for the duration of isograft tumor growth (DMH 2054, a well-differentiated mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma that spontaneously metastasized to lung) had no effect on tumor growth or metastasis in the BN X W/Fu F1 rat. The findings suggest that the role of 13-cis-RA is in colon cancer prevention and not in its treatment either in an adjuvant or established setting.
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PMID:Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on tumor prevention, tumor growth, and metastasis in experimental colon cancer. 348 Mar 91

Cell lines were established from colon adenomas, including tubular and villous polyps, primary adenocarcinomas, and metastases arising in patients with colon adenocarcinomas. The protocol for cultivating these diverse tissues includes primary cultivation of tissue explants on a type I collagen gel followed by nonenzymatic subculture of the epithelial outgrowth. All early passages were accomplished using low subculture ratios. Cultured cells elaborate morphological structures which are similar to features present in the tissues from which they were cultivated. Specifically, all structural features of colon epithelial cells were identified, including junction formation, prominent microvilli, and mucin secretion, in several cell lines. Five cell lines cultured from colonic neoplasms at different stages of cancer progression were selected for detailed characterization. Cells grown from two tubular polyps had normal human karyotypes. Cells from a villous polyp and all adenocarcinomas were aneuploid with stable marker chromosomes. The established cell lines exhibit distinct phenotypes based on growth characteristics in vitro and in athymic mice; and it is suggested that these cell lines represent useful models for studying the evolution of colon cancer from a benign to an aggressive cell type.
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PMID:Cell culture of human colon adenomas and carcinomas. 356 99

An autopsy case of extremely rare mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas in a 58-year-old male was reported. The main tumor in the pancreatic tail associated with wide-spreading metastases, was histologically composed of squamous cancer cell nests intermingled with mucin-containing cells, but not true glandular structures except for metastatic foci in the liver. Electron microscopic findings of the main tumor revealed roughly three kinds of cancer cells, namely undifferentiated cells, squamous cells, and squamous cells with mucin-containing intracytoplasmic lumina, accompanied by variety of transitional forms. The mucin was similar to that of the intra-or interlobular duct epithelium of pancreas in mucin stains. Immunohistochemically, positive immune reaction of the cancer cells was observed by anti-keratin, -epithelial membrane antigen and -carcinoembryonic antigen sera. These findings suggested that the cancer cells originated from undifferentiated cells of pancreatic duct, which showed multipotency to differentiate predominantly into squamous cells, but also into mucin-producing cells.
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PMID:Electron microscopic study of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the pancreas. 366 Nov 98

Monoclonal antibodies to normal colonic glands were used to localize three tissue-specific antigens in sections of 40 hyperplastic polyps, 29 adenomas, 43 colorectal adenocarcinomas, and blocks or rolls of histologically normal large bowel mucosa. Two antibodies identified antigens (designated 3NM and 17NM) associated with the mucin vacuole of goblet cells and the third antibody identified a cell membrane antigen (designated 6NM). Antigen 3NM was absent from virtually all carcinoma cells and from all, or most, cells of hyperplastic polyps. Antigen 17NM was absent from 21 carcinomas, with some antigen-positive cells present in the others. Antigen 6NM content was unchanged compared to normal mucosa in 12 carcinomas, decreased somewhat in another 20, and either absent or markedly depleted in 11. Antigen 6NM increased in 22 hyperplastic polyps. Three cancer patients synthesized 6NM in their normal mucosa but the cellular distribution was abnormal. Antigens decreased in most adenomas, with heterogeneity of expression seen in glands and cells of some adenomas. Low concentrations of one or more antigens in normal mucosa were significantly more frequent (P less than 0.05) in patients with metastases than in those with stage A or B tumors.
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PMID:Antigen expression in normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa: three tissue-specific antigens using monoclonal antibodies to isolated colonic glands. 394 87

A mixed intestinal adenocarcinoma-argentaffin carcinoma of the vagina in a 32-year-old woman is reported. Special stains showed the argentaffin and argyrophil reactions of the small cell population of this tumor. The small cells also contained serotonin as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. Electron microscopy revealed characteristic cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules. The large cells were columnar and contained mucin droplets similar to those in Goblet cells in the intestines. The observations suggest that the tumor was mixed intestinal adenocarcinoma-argentaffin carcinoma (malignant carcinoid), which probably arose in aberrant intestinal epithelial cells in the vagina. The patient died with metastases of pure argentaffin carcinoma in 1 year.
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PMID:Mixed intestinal adenocarcinoma-argentaffin carcinoma of the vagina. 395 26

Twelve autopsy cases of carcinomatosis of the bone marrow were examined clinicopathologically. Among them, 7 were gastric adenocarcinoma, and the other 5 were a rectal carcinoid and carcinomas of the lung, prostate, maxilla and kidney, respectively. The gastric cancers were almost all poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucin production and presented poorer prognoses than the other cancers. Leukoerythroblastic anemia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and DIC were found more frequently in the gastric cancers than in the others. It is concluded that the evolution of these critical hematologic disorders may be dependent on differences of histologic type, original focus and cancer-host interactions as well as wide-spread skeletal metastases of cancer cells.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological examination of 12 autopsy cases of carcinomatosis of the bone marrow]. 398 85

The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a very rare neoplasm of the breast which histologically resembles mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the salivary glands. It is characterized by sheets of epidermoid cells with area of definite squamous differentiation as well as glandular and cystic spaces lined by atypical mucin-secreting columnar cells. The ultrastructural findings reflect the squamous and adenomatous differentiation seen on light microscopy. The degree of histological differentiation and the infrequency of nodal metastasis suggest an indolent behaviour. This is supported by the absence of recurrence or death due to the disease in 7 of the 8 cases reported to date. Only 1 patient has had extensive axillary nodal metastasis from a mucoepidermoid carcinoma which showed large areas of poorly differentiated cells. The present case is another example of such a high grade variant in which death occurred from pulmonary and vertebral metastases within 6 mth of mastectomy. An aggressive behaviour should be predicted by the presence of a large undifferentiated component in the tumour, necrosis and prominence of mitoses.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast: high grade variant. 406 71

Clinical and morphological features of three cases of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid are described. The tumours were composed of two cell types. One of these resembled squamous epithelium and ultrastructurally showed tonofilaments and numerous desmosomes. The other cell type contained Alcian blue and mucicarmine positive mucin and, on electron microscopy, showed mucigen granules. Marked stromal fibrosis and psammoma bodies were seen in all tumours. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the tumour cells were negative for thyroglobulin. A few calcitonin-containing cells were seen in one metastatic tumour. One tumour showed, in addition to the histological features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, anaplastic areas with obvious transition between the two histological patterns. The same thyroid also had a small thyroglobulin-positive papillary carcinoma in the opposite lobe. All tumours presented lymph node metastases. In two cases the primary tumour was confined within the thyroid capsule but that with anaplastic areas invaded surrounding structures. This patient died 13 months after diagnosis; the other patients are alive and symptomless one and 10 years since diagnosis. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid appears to be a clinicopathological entity that resembles papillary carcinoma in its natural history. The origin of the tumour is unclear. There is, however, some histological and immunohistological data suggesting that the tumour might be related to the ultimobranchial system although some histological features also appear to favour a common origin with papillary carcinoma.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid. 608 73


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