Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PSA is an oncodevelopmental antigen usually expressed in human tumors with high metastatic potential. Here we set up a metastatic model in nude mice by using TE671 cells, which strongly express PSA-NCAM. We observed the formation of lung metastases when TE671 cells were injected intravenously, intramuscularly, and intraperitoneally, but not subcutaneously. Intraperitoneal injections also induced peritoneal carcinosis, ascites, and liver metastases. To evaluate the putative role of PSA in the metastatic process we used a specific cleavage of PSA on NCAM by endoneuraminidase-N on intraperitoneal primary tumors. Mice with primary intramuscular tumors were taken as control. Repeated injections of endoneuraminidase-N led to a decrease in PSA expression in primary intraperitoneal nodules and ascites but not in intramuscular primary tumors. Endoneuraminidase-N also increased the delay in ascitic formation and decreased the number of lung or liver metastases in the case of intraperitoneal tumors but not in the case of intramuscular tumors. When metastases occurred in endoneuraminidase-N injected animals, they strongly expressed PSA-NCAM. Therefore, we established a relationship between PSA expression on the surface of primary tumor cells and the metastatic process.
 ...
PMID:A nude mice model of human rhabdomyosarcoma lung metastases for evaluating the role of polysialic acids in the metastatic process. 1131 35

We studied the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 20 cases of proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma to identify prognostic factors. The 20 patients ranged in age from 13 to 80 years (mean, 40 y); 12 patients were male and 8 were female. The tumors presented as deep soft-tissue or subcutaneous masses on the inguinal region in five, the thigh in four, the vulva in three, the axilla in three, and one each in the flank, chest wall, back, hip and perineum. The tumors ranged from 2 to 16 cm at their greatest diameter (mean: 7.8 cm). Histologically, 12 tumors (60%) were classified as the large-cell subtype, characterized by sheets of large cells with prominent nucleoli resembling poorly differentiated carcinoma, and a frequent rhabdoid phenotype, six (30%) were classified as the conventional subtype, and two (10%) as the angiomatoid subtype. The numbers of tumors exhibiting immunoreactivity for various markers were: vimentin (20 cytokeratin (20 [100%]); epithelial membrane antigen (17 [85%]); CD34 (9 [45%]); CD99 (5 [25%]); muscle markers, either desmin or alpha-smooth muscle actin (3 [15%]), other markers such as S-100 protein, neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and CD56 (12 [60%]); and p53 (16 [80%]). Fourteen lesions (70%) exhibited an MIB-1 index of 30% or more and, by a system of histologic grading using the MIB-1 score, 16 tumors (80%) were classified as high-grade (Grade 3). Thirteen patients (65%) developed local recurrence and 15 (75%) had metastases, primarily to the lymph nodes. At the last follow-up, 13 patients (65%) had died of their disease. A large tumor size and early metastasis were independently associated with a poor outcome. We conclude that proximal-type epithelioid sarcomas are rare, undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcomas of adults, with epithelioid features and a frequent rhabdoid phenotype. These tumors, when arising in proximal locations, have a much worse prognosis than those arising in distal locations.
 ...
PMID:Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. 1145 97

A new type of immuno-cell therapy called BRM-activated killer (BAK) therapy using non-MHC-restricted lymphocytes, CD56-positive cells, was devised. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were selected by immobilization with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and cultured for 2 weeks in the presence of IL-2. Thereafter, they were reactivated by 1,000 U/ml of IFN-alpha for 15 min. Twenty-six outpatients with cancer whose performance status were over 80% on Karnofsky scale were selected for this study. About 6 x 10(9) BAK cells were returned by intravenous drip infusion, at one month intervals at an outpatient clinic to each of 20 advanced cancer patients in whom many metastatic lesions were found postoperatively, and to 6 patients with no postoperatively detectable metastases. The proportion of CD56-positive cells increased from 20% to 50% with culture. CD56-positive cells have strong cytotoxic activity and produced 20 ng/10(9) cells of beta-endorphin, an intracerebral hormone. During the course of BAK therapy, we adopted the Face scale as a QOL indicator. The QOL of all patients remained satisfactory or improved. Beta-endorphin is thought to make patients feel well and maintains good QOL because of its potent analgesic, sedative activity. From that facts that CD56 is a neural cell adhesion molecule and a member of the Ig superfamily, and that the CD56-positive cell produces beta-endorphin, we concluded that the CD56-positive cell is a multifunctional, integrated NIE (neuro-immune-endocrine) cell. Administration of BAK cells allowed all 20 advanced cancer patients with metastases to survive for over one year. All 6 patients receiving the same therapy for prevention of postoperative metastasis have been recurrence-free for one to five years.
 ...
PMID:Effector mechanism and clinical response of BAK (BRM-activated killer) immuno-cell therapy for maintaining satisfactory QOL of advanced cancer patients utilizing CD56-positive NIE (neuro-immune-endocrine) cells. 1147 30

Primary bony lymphomas are rare, and nearly all are high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas are highly aggressive lymphomas of NK- or T-cell lineage with predominant extranodal presentation and are divided into nasal and nasal-type (extra-nasal). We report a primary bony peripheral T-cell lymphoma mimicking NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. A 22-year-old Taiwanese male presented with a frontal skull bone mass noted for 3 weeks, and received craniectomy with tumor removal. His tumor showed extensive coagulative necrosis with angioinvasion by large lymphoma cells expressing CD2, CD8, CD16, CD43, CD45, CD45RO, CD56, T-cell intracellular antigen-1, and granzyme B, but not CD3, CD4, CD20, CD57, CD68, and betaF1. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded mRNA was negative. Polymerase chain reaction study of formalin-fixed tissue showed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain gene. The diagnosis was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified subtype. The initial stage was I(EA). His lymphoma was refractory to chemotherapy, and bony metastases developed in the right iliac bone 2 months later. He died of disease after 6 months without autopsy. We emphasize the importance of detailed immunohistochemical and gene rearrangement studies for the classification of malignant lymphomas via a very rare primary bony lymphoma of peripheral T-cell subtype.
 ...
PMID:Primary bony peripheral T-cell lymphoma mimicking nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma: a case report. 1209 74

We report a case of a primary cutaneous alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma presenting on the lower limb of a 60-year old woman. The tumor was characterized by aggregates of round blue cells in an alveolar growth pattern in the dermis and subcutis, with the additional unique finding of epidermotropism. By immunohistochemistry tumor cells were positive for vimentin, muscle-specific actin, desmin, myogenin, and Myo-D1 with focal positivity for CD56, neuron-specific enolase, and S-100 protein. Staining for pan-keratin, HMB-45, melan-A, epithelial membrane antigen, chromogranin, CD99, leukocyte common antigen, and alpha-smooth muscle actin was negative. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis from paraffin-embedded tumor demonstrated the presence of the translocation (2;13)(q35;q14) confirming the diagnosis. Further investigations revealed no tumor in the underlying deep soft tissues, and there was no evidence of metastasis in other organs. A local recurrence associated with a metastasis to a regional lymph node on the right groin was treated with an above-knee amputation and local radiotherapy to the groin area. The patient subsequently developed cutaneous metastases in the amputation stump and died 2 years after initial presentation. This case indicates that rhabdomyosarcoma may rarely present in the skin in adults and should be included in the differential diagnosis of primary cutaneous small round blue cell tumors not only in children but also in this age group.
 ...
PMID:Primary cutaneous epidermotropic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with t(2;13) in an elderly woman: case report and review of the literature. 1213 Nov 63

A case of a nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma of the orbit with distant metastases is reported. The orbital lymphoma was angiodestructive with prominent necrosis and frequent apoptosis. Lymphoma cells were positive for CD56, cytotoxic molecules (granzyme B and TIA-1), and EBV. Despite local radiotherapy, the patient had a highly aggressive clinical course. A postmortem examination revealed distant metastases to the heart and lungs exhibiting angiocentric growth. TCR and Ig genes of a cardiac lesion were in germ line configuration. This case demonstrated that nasal-type NK/T cell lymphomas with a poor prognosis can occur in the orbit.
 ...
PMID:Nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma of the orbit with distant metastases. 1267 66

Human liver is enriched with CD8(+)T- and CD3(+)CD56(+) natural T (NT)-lymphocytes, important anti-tumour effectors, similar to murine NKTs. IL-12 promotes anti-tumour functions of NKTs. We quantified IL-12 and CD56(+)/CD8(+)T lymphocytes in normal and tumour bearing liver. We also examined the effect of IL-12 on the expansion/activation of peripheral blood cells in vitro. IL-12 was detected in normal (n=13, median 2032 pg/100 mg protein) and increased in tumour bearing liver (n=9, 3678 pg, p< 0.01). Infiltrating monocytes appear to be the principal producers. Culture with IL-12 selectively expanded CD8(+)T and CD3(+)CD56(+)NT cells and polarised their cytokine responses to Th1-type. However, there was no in vivo expansion of these cells in tumour bearing liver. Changes observed in culture required addition of IL-2. We therefore quantified IL-2 in hepatic tissue. IL-2 was detected in normal liver (median 4700 pg/100 mg protein). Surprisingly, there was no increase in tumour-infiltrated liver (4910 pg). The presence of IL-12 may create an environment in healthy liver that promotes the accumulation of CD8(+)T and CD56(+)NT cells. Therefore, the development of metastases in the presence of high levels of IL-12 may be due to an insufficient IL-12 response. Alternatively, lack of IL-2 rather than a defect in IL-12, may be responsible for insufficient expansion/activation of tumour specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is increased in tumour bearing human liver and expands CD8(+) and CD56(+) T cells in vitro but not in vivo. 1503 43

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing sarcoma (PNET/ES) rarely occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. We present a case of a 16-year-old girl with primary cutaneous and subcutaneous PNET/ES of the abdominal wall. Despite wide local excision and chemotherapy, she rapidly developed cranial bone and brain metastases, followed by lung and skeletal metastases, and died shortly thereafter. The recurrent tumor exhibited light microscopic features of a small, round, blue cell tumor with intracytoplasmic glycogen. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for CD99, CD56, S100, and glial fibrillary acid protein, and ultrastructural features included cytoplasmic glycogen and focal complex interdigitating synaptic junction-like cytoplasmic folds. Cytogenetic analysis of the relapsed tumor showed a complex karyotype: 47,XX,i(1)(q10), der(4)t(4;19) (q33 approximately q35;q13.1), + 8,t(15;17)(q24;p11.2 approximately p12),der(19)t (19;20)(q13.1;p11.2),der(22)t(20;22)(q13;q13). Cytogenetic, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular genetic analyses failed to show t(11:22) (q24;q12) or abnormalities of chromosome region 22q12. The clinical behavior and atypical and complex cytogenetic abnormalities exhibited by the tumor in this patient are unusual and represent the most aggressive end of the clinical spectrum of cutaneous and subcutaneous PNET/ES.
 ...
PMID:Primary subcutaneous primitive neuroectodermal tumor with aggressive behavior and an unusual karyotype: case report. 1554 79

Rare cases of nonhepatocytic mixed stromal and epithelial tumors of the liver with associated calcification and ossification have been described previously. We report 6 similar cases in children, including 2 cases associated with ectopic ACTH production. The patients were between 2 and 14 years of age at diagnosis. All tumors presented as a solitary liver mass with no extrahepatic involvement. Two adolescent females with palpable abdominal tumors presented with Cushing syndrome that abated after excision of the tumors. The other children had tumors identified incidentally on imaging studies or at laparotomy. All tumors were well circumscribed, ranging in size from 4.0 to 30.0 cm in greatest diameter. Histologically, they shared an organoid arrangement of cellular nests that were comprised of an admixture of both spindled and epithelioid cells. These cellular nests were surrounded by a band of delicate myofibroblasts and set in a dense fibrous stroma that contained slit-like to dilated blood vessels. A variable proliferation of bile ducts extended from the fibrous stroma and focally surrounded the cellular nests. One case showed a sheet-like overgrowth of the nested cells with associated necrosis. The cellular nest cells were immunoreactive for EMA, CD56, neuron specific enolase, pan-cytokeratin (4 of 6 cases), vimentin (5 of 6 cases), and WT-1 amino terminus (4 of 6 cases). Cytokeratin and EMA stained mostly epithelioid nest cells, with vimentin and WT-1 staining predominantly the spindled nest cells. The 3 cases from adolescent females showed immunoreactivity for ACTH in the nested cell population but not in the surrounding stromal cells. Immunohistochemical stains for synaptophysin and chromogranin were negative in all cases. Psammomatous calcifications were present focally in 2 cases and were extensive in 3 cases. Ossification or osteoid formation was present in 4 cases. The 1 patient whose tumor had sheet-like overgrowth of the nested cell population had a local recurrence with multiple hepatic nodules 1 year following the original resection. A 2-year-old patient has been subsequently diagnosed with nephroblastomatosis and Wilms tumor of the kidney. Follow-up information was available in an additional 3 patients with no tumor recurrence or metastatic disease at 2, 3, and 14 years.
 ...
PMID:Nested stromal epithelial tumor of the liver: six cases of a distinctive pediatric neoplasm with frequent calcifications and association with cushing syndrome. 1561 52

Osteosarcoma with distant metastases at late stage has posed a challenge for novel therapeutic modalities. The application of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells to osteosarcoma constitutes a promising strategy. This approach had been studied in multiple myeloma and breast cancers, where CIK cells exhibited specific cytotoxicity toward malignant cells while sparing wild-type tissues. However, the consistency of CIK cell-induced anti-tumor cytotoxicity has not been thoroughly examined. We investigated whether autologous CIK cells could effectively induce cytolysis of cultured osteosarcoma cells. In addition to the observed CIK cell-induced osteosarcoma cytolysis, the pre-incubation of CIK cells with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with tumor's total RNA further enhanced the tumor cytolysis to greater than 6-fold. The anti-tumor cytolysis was optimized in complete autologous setting, and was attenuated with allogeneic components. The advantage of the co-culture with RNA-pulsed DC was lost when high CIK cell density was employed for anti-tumor cytotoxic assay, but was maintained in purified CD3(+)CD56(+) cells isolated from the CIK cells. This finding implied that CIK cells at limited cell density could induce effective osteosarcoma cytolysis with an aid from tumor antigen presentation on dendritic cell surface.
 ...
PMID:Effective osteosarcoma cytolysis using cytokine-induced killer cells pre-inoculated with tumor RNA-pulsed dendritic cells. 1590 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>