Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to compare the immunophenotype of the human colon cancer cell line HT29 tumour deposits in the lung which occurred spontaneously after subcutaneous implantation with those which arose after intravenous injection into severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Irrespective of the route of implantation the colon cancer cells were readily observed in the lungs of the scid mice. Similar patterns of immunoreactivity for the proliferative markers (MiB-1, PCNA), and for the tumour suppressor gene (p53) were detected in both groups, and for carcinoembryonic antigen, with only minor quantitative differences in levels of marker expression. Whereas the marker CD44 variant 6 gave very little reaction after either route, cytokeratin expression varied amongst the different cytokeratins (CK 7, 18 or 20), and with the route of implantation. CA125 and E-cadherin were weakly expressed after intravenous injection, but generally not after subcutaneous implantation. Vimentin was not demonstrated in any of the specimens examined. In general, the expression of proliferative markers, and of oncogenes, appears to be independent of the implantation route, whilst expression of cell adhesion molecules can be dependent on the route of implantation.
Invasion Metastasis 1997
PMID:Immunophenotype of human HT29 colon cancer cell metastases in the lungs of scid mice: spontaneous versus artificial metastases. 956 Oct 26

Proliferative activity was estimated in 10 benign lesions and 47 cancers of mammary gland (mainly, invasive ductal carcinomas), and 14 metastatic lymph nodes by means of immunohistochemical determination of PCNA. Total PCNA expressing nuclei (PCNAtot) and nuclei strongly stained (PCNAstr) were counted. Proliferation index (PI) measured by counting PCNAstr nuclei has a higher correlation (r = 0.94, p < 0.000000) with PI estimated by means of 5-bromo-2-desoxyuridine in vivo than that obtained by counting PCNAtot nuclei (r = 0.77, p < 0.000000). Total and strong PCNA expression increased significantly when graded according to H.J.G. Bloom & W.W. Richardson. There is a clear correlation between PI of primary breast cancer and its metastases in lymph nodes (r = 0.89, PCNAtot and r = 0.90, PCNAstr), but proliferative activity in metastases was significantly lower than that of in primary tumors (p = 0.02 and p = 0.003). PCNA expressing tumor cells is a method of evaluation of proliferative activity in tissues which permits using archival paraffin samples.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of the proliferation of breast cancer cells based on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)]. 957 31

Controversy still exists regarding the validity of parameters commonly used in the evaluation of prognosis of patients with synovial sarcoma (SS). Forty-nine cases of previously untreated primary SS (23 females and 26 males, ranging in age from 7 to 81, with 31 tumors located in the lower extremity, 8 at the upper extremity and 10 at the trunchus), without regional lymph-node or distant metastases were studied. We investigated the relationship between (flow and image) DNA cytometry, proliferation activity, clinicopathologic parameters, and relapse-free and overall survival of the patients. The prognostic value of gender, age, duration of symptoms, location, compartmentalization, size, adequacy of surgical margins, residual tumor, adjuvant therapy, histologic subtype, extent of necrosis, glandular differentiation, calcification, and extent of hemangiopericytic areas, mitotic rate, amount of mast cells, blood vessel invasion, histologic (UICC and NCI) grades, DNA ploidy, percentage of cells in S and S+G2 phases, PCNA and Ki-67 labeling indices (LI), and TNM (UICC) stage of the tumors, were evaluated by univariate and multivariate (Cox hazard model) analyses. Short duration of symptoms (<12 months), biphasic SS, scarcity of mast cells (<10/10 HPF), high mitotic rate (> or =10/10 HPF), high histologic grade (grade 3), high PCNA-LI (> or =20%), high Ki-67-LI (> or =10%), DNA aneuploidy, and advanced TNM stage (stage III) were features associated with significantly shorter relapse-free and overall 5-year survival rates in the univariate analyses. Scarcity of mast cells, high mitotic rate, or high PCNA-LI were significant predictors of poor survival, in addition to TNM stage in the multivariate analyses. The amount of mast cells was inversely correlated with mitotic rate and PCNA-LI. Scarcity of mast cells, high mitotic rate, or high PCNA-LI are factors associated with poor prognosis, in addition to advanced TNM stage in patients with localized SS.
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PMID:Synovial sarcoma. Evaluation of prognosis with emphasis on the study of DNA ploidy and proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67) markers. 958 99

Inflammatory fibrosarcoma (commonly referred to as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor) has become increasingly recognized as part of a spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic proliferations. It is a potentially locally aggressive myofibroblastic tumor that occurs predominantly in the mesentery of children and young adults. No reliable morphological parameters have been identified that predict prognosis. We evaluated the ultrastructural and immunophenotypic features of 16 cases of inflammatory fibrosarcoma and studied Ki67 (MIB1), PCNA, bcl-2, and p53 in an effort to identify prognostic markers. p53 was not detected immunohistochemically in any case. None of the markers were found to correlate with local recurrences, metastases, or tumor deaths. Low proliferative activity (Ki67 < 10%) was seen in all cases. A characteristic immunophenotype was reconfirmed in which lesional myofibroblasts stained for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratins, and rarely desmin. Ultrastructural studies of seven cases confirmed the presence of a fibroblastic-myofibroblastic spectrum. Because inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor-inflammatory fibrosarcoma is associated with systemic symptoms, polymerase chain reaction studies for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were performed in 12 cases. Evaluable results in nine cases did not show evidence of either virus. The results of this study indicate that inflammatory fibrosarcoma has a low proliferative activity, which is in keeping with the impression that this is a low-grade sarcoma; that myofibroblasts can participate in true neoplasia; and that EBV and CMV do not play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory fibrosarcoma. The variable phenotype of the myofibroblast and its role in reactive and neoplastic processes are discussed. A perspective on the position of inflammatory fibrosarcoma in the spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors is also given in light of the current study and the literature.
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PMID:Inflammatory fibrosarcoma: update, reappraisal, and perspective on its place in the spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. 960 4

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is an uncommon vascular neoplasm thought to be derived from pericytes. Prediction of patient outcome is difficult based what is currently known about these tumors and histological parameters alone. We compiled 27 cases of HPC and evaluated the spectrum of histological features to investigate whether there was any correlation between histology, immunostaining, prognostic markers, and patient outcome. The following parameters were evaluated: vasculature, histological pattern (solid, myxoid, trabecular, alveolar), degree of cellular pleomorphism, necrosis, mitoses, and giant cell content. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the reactivity for CD 31, CD34, vimentin, actin, cytokeratin, S100, actin, and SMA. Proliferative rate was analyzed using antibodies to PCNA and MIB1. Patient's age ranged from 8 months to 75 years (mean, 35; median, 31). Twenty of 27 cases were located in the extremities. The tumors were grossly described as lobulated and well circumscribed (n=12) and nonencapsulated (n=15). By histology, the characteristic ramifying or staghorn vasculature pattern was seen in all cases. A solid histological pattern was mixed with an alveolar pattern in three cases, trabecular pattern in six cases, and myxoid pattern in two cases. Tumor cells were uniform, polygonal to spindle-shaped, often with vesicular nuclei. Tumor giant cells were present in 9 of 27 cases; necrosis, in 11 of 27. Mitoses ranged from 0 to 14 per 10 high-power fields (HPF). Cellular pleomorphism was 1+ in nine cases, 2+ in 12 cases, and 3+ in six cases. Immunohistochemistry showed reactivity for CD34 and vimentin in all cases. Actin was focally positive in one case, and SMA was focally positive in another. CD 31, cytokeratin, and S100 were uniformly nonreactive. Proliferative index measured by PCNA and MIBI ranged between less than 1% and 40% of tumor cells. Follow-up was available in 22 cases and ranged from 1 year to 15 years. Seven patients had metastases, and two recurred locally. Thirteen patients had no evidence of disease at last checkup. Parameters associated with recurrences or metastases include a trabecular pattern, the presence of necrosis, mitoses, vascular invasion, and cellular pleomorphism. Features associated with an aggressive biological behavior can be identified histologically. There was some, but not total, correlation between proliferative markers and tumor aggressiveness.
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PMID:The histological spectrum of hemangiopericytoma: application of immunohistochemical analysis including proliferative markers to facilitate diagnosis and predict prognosis. 963 86

We studied a consecutive series of 54 cases of lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) in order to identify any variables which might predict the development of lymph node metastases. The cases were divided into 38 tumors without metastases (group I) and 16 tumors with lymph node metastases (group II). The following factors were investigated: tumor size, histologic grading maximal thickness, perineural invasion, DNA ploidy and PCNA expression. In conclusion, we found that LLSCC greater than 2 cm in diameter, with histological grading G3-G4, thickness of more than 6 mm, DNA aneuploidy and high PCNA expression (PCNA LI > 0.48), were at high risk for the development of lymph node metastases.
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PMID:Prognosis in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma: assessment of tumor factors. 965 44

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas (OGTP) is a rare neoplasm, of which the histogenesis is still controversial. Here we report a case of OGTP involving the head of the pancreas in a 71-year-old woman with metastases to the gallbladder and lymph nodes. The primary and metastatic tumors had identical histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular biological features. Microscopically, the tumors were characterized by atypical, often pleomorphic mononuclear cells associated with the proliferation of benign-appearing osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs). Electron microscopic observation provided ultrastructural evidence of epithelial differentiation of the mononuclear cells, including microvilli and desmosomes, which was not obtained for OGCs. On immunohistochemical study, OGCs stained for CD68 (KP-1), LCA and HAM56, whereas mononuclear cells only reacted with PCNA. These findings clearly suggest that mononuclear cells are capable of differentiation and proliferation and may have been the only true tumor cells in this neoplasm, and that OGCs may have been a paraneoplastic product of this rare tumor. On examination of DNA from dewaxed sections of the tumor, we found no p53 mutation in the tumor tissue, but found two K-ras mutations in codon 12; this pattern of mutation commonly occurs in pancreatic carcinoma, indicating a somewhat genetic relationship of OGTP to pancreatic carcinoma. Although OGTP often has a favorable prognosis, the outcome in the present case was poor due to early tumor spread, with less than two years postoperative survival.
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PMID:Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas with metastases to gallbladder and lymph nodes. A case report. 977 94

It was retrospectively examined whether the tumor growth fraction determined by PCNA score in the advanced cancer of larynx could be used as a prognostic factor. There was used immunohistochemical method to evaluate the PCNA score of positive cells in paraffin embedded tissues of laryngeal carcinoma obtained from 90 patients. They were treated by surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University in Cracow, Poland in 1987 and 1988. The follow-up period was not shorter than 5 years. In the examined material there were 59 patients with tumor T3 and 31 with T4. Neck dissection on one or on both sides was performed on patients. The metastases in regional lymph nodes was found in 26 patients. Histologic grading (G1 = 18, G2 = 52 and G3 = 20 patients) and number of mitosis was assessed. The PCNA score was defined by counting positive cells and presented as percentage of a cells. It ranged from 2.1 to 73.0% with the average value of 34.5%. The PCNA score below this level was defined as a low PCNA score (49 patients) and above this level as a high PCNA score (41 patients). There was a correlation between PCNA score and survival of the patients. 35 patients (71.4%) with low PCNA score survived and 15 (36.6%) with high PCNA score (P < 0.05). Similarly the high PCNA score influenced the number of metastases in lymph nodes. They occurred in low and high PCNA score respectively at nine (18.4%) and 17 patients (41.5%) (P < 0.05). There was not found any correlation between PCNA score and tumor differentiation, its size and mitosis number. The PCNA may be a prognostic factor for the patients with advanced cancer of larynx.
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PMID:The prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the advanced cancer of larynx. 979 97

Predictive factors stratify cancer patients into homogeneous groups for treatment. There is an acute need for accurate predictive factors in patients with prostate cancer given the marked variation in treatment recommendations. These factors should be obtained prior to therapy and should include patient factors, serum factors and tissue-specific factors derived from biopsies. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding quantitative methods in prostate tissue specimens, classifying predictive factors in prostate cancer into four categories. The first category, predictive factors recommended for widespread clinical use, includes Gleason grade; nontissue markers include clinical stage and serum prostate-specific antigen. The second category, predictive factors that are often collected but of unproven significance, includes DNA ploidy and volume of cancerous material in the needle biopsy. The third category, predictive factors not used for routine patient management, includes cell proliferation markers (mitotic figures, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and MIB-1), apoptotic markers, microvessel density and perineural invasion. The fourth category, predictive factors under investigation, includes morphometric features, such as nuclear roundness and size, chromatin texture, silver-staining nucleolar organizer regions and nucleolar size. Standards are required for virtually every aspect of morphometric study, and these features require validation before their acceptance as clinically relevant in prostate cancer. Predictive factors in radical prostatectomies include cancer volume and extent in radical prostatectomy specimens and quantitation of number and size of lymph node metastases. Neural network models provide greater accuracy for combinations of predictive factors than traditional statistical methods of analysis, such as logistic regression and Cox models, and are expected to be incorporated into routine use in the next few years.
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PMID:Practical clinical application of predictive factors in prostate cancer. A review with an emphasis on quantitative methods in tissue specimens. 980 50

The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value of proliferative activity assessment and E-cadherin expression by means of immunohistochemistry in identifying patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma at a high risk for occult node metastasis. Thirty consecutive patients treated for laryngeal carcinoma with false clinically negative nodes (occult metastases, pN+) between the years 1980 and 1990 were selected for this study. A group of 30 cases with negative cervical lymph nodes (pN-) having a similar anatomic site and tumor size distribution was used as control. In each case, several histological parameters, including grade, pattern of invasion, number of mitosis (x10 high-power field), tumor inflammatory infiltrate, and tumor sclerosis, were assessed. Proliferative activity was determined using immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MIB-1. Other putative prognostic factors investigated at the immunohistochemical level were the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and two oncoproteins, p53 and c-erbB-2. In pN+ cases, the expression of PCNA and MIB-1 was significantly higher than in the pN- group. Moreover, a significant loss of E-cadherin expression was observed in carcinomas with occult metastases. No differences in p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins were found between pN+ and pN- cases. Among the other pathological parameters examined, only histological grade was significantly associated with the presence of occult metastases, but on multivariate analysis, this relationship was lost. We conclude that PCNA, MIB-1, and E-cadherin are independent predictors of occult nodal disease in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and their immunohistochemical determination could be useful in identifying patients with clinically negative lymph nodes who are at considerable risk for occult metastases and who may benefit from elective neck dissection.
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PMID:Prediction of occult neck metastases in laryngeal carcinoma: role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MIB-1, and E-cadherin immunohistochemical determination. 981 33


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