Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver metastasis of colorectal cancer is a life-threatening prognostic factor. Hepatic resection, when possible, is the best therapeutic modality, although the overall survival rate is still low (30%). The diagnosis has been carried out by clinical examination, abnormal alkaline phosphatase, lactic acid dehydrogenase and tumor markers, abdominal liver echography and computed tomography scan. Angiography and intraoperative echography are useful for resection. The number of hepatic metastases and the surgical margin are probably the most significant prognostic factors. Colorectal cancer may spread predominantly to the liver making regional treatment strategies viable options. Subtotal hepatic resections and segmentectomies are potentially curable procedures for single or small numbers of hepatic metastases without other sites of disease. However, there have been no prospective randomized trials comparing patients with unresected liver metastases and resected metastases. Regional chemotherapy with floxuridine seems useful combined with hepatic resection or as palliative therapy. Gastric ulcer and biliary sclerosis are the main related toxicities. Patients with localized, unresectable hepatic metastases or concomitant bad medical condition may be candidates for radiation, percutaneous ethanol injection, cryosurgery, radiofrequency, hypoxic flow-stop perfusions with bioreductive alkylating agents, hepatic arterial ligation, embolization and chemoembolization. These new hepatic-directed modalities of treatment are being investigated and may offer new approaches to providing palliation and prolonging survival. This review reports the possibilities of intraarterial chemotherapy and other novel hepatic directed approaches to the treatment of liver metastases from this common disease.
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PMID:Locoregional therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer: the possibilities of intraarterial chemotherapy, and new hepatic-directed modalities. 1137 96

Prognosis and outcome of patients with pancreatic carcinoma is poor. The aim of the study was to investigate (1) which factors of medical history and clinical status as well as which laboratory parameters determine survival in pancreatic carcinoma and (2) whether specific data can be used as prognostic parameters or for early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. In total, 287 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were enrolled in the study. In 193 subjects, only palliative treatment was possible. Survival was assessed using univariate survival probability curves by Kaplan-Meier. Comparison of patient groups with regard to survival was achieved using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox regression model. Overall, 22 factors, showing a significant impact on survival in pancreatic carcinoma were found, e.g., tumor-associated factors such as (1) tumor stage according to the UICC classification including TNM-based staging, grading, tumor site, and vascular infiltration; (2) preoperative habits and signs and symptoms (physical condition, pain, loss of appetite, ethanol consumption); (3) change of laboratory parameters (CA 19-9, bilirubin, prothrombin time, urea, C-reactive protein), and (4) type of intervention (surgical approach, R0/1/2 resection). Using multivariate analysis, seven factors (UICC tumor stage and site, surgical intervention including number of resected lymph nodes, chemotherapy, occurence of a carcinoma in relatives, preoperative physical condition, night sweat) were determined. In the 193 patients with palliative treatment, only ten factors (among them UICC tumor stage including the presence of metastases; data from the medical history such as physical condition, loss of appetite, and carcinoma in relatives, and laboratory parameters including prothrombin time, protein content, and aspartate aminotransferase levels) were found to be important. Chemotherapy had the strongest impact on survival which was confirmed by multivariate analysis, followed by tumor stage (UICC) and preoperative appetite. Besides tumor-associated determinants, data from the medical history, and pathological laboratory parameters, the prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma is considerably determined by the treatment such as interventional and/or using antineoplastic agents.
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PMID:Prognostic parameters determining survival in pancreatic carcinoma and, in particular, after palliative treatment. 1138 55

Recently, several minimally invasive, image-guided therapies have been developed for the local treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic metastases in patients who are considered poor candidates for surgical resection. Radio-frequency ablation, microwave ablation, and laser ablation all destroy tumor by creating a hyperthermic injury. Cryoablation and ethanol ablation achieve cellular death through freezing and direct toxicity, respectively. Chemoembolization is unique in that the entire liver can be treated over time with a combination of cytotoxic drugs and embolic agents, potentially reducing the rate of recurrence from radiologically occult tumor. Outcomes for minimally invasive therapy have approached the success rate of surgical resection in some series with considerably fewer complications. However, a paucity of randomized trials and variability in reporting limit assessment of the relative role of these techniques in clinical practice. With a few exceptions, the indications, contraindications, and complications associated with the different techniques are similar, and success with HCC has exceeded that for metastatic disease independent of technique.
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PMID:Minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of liver tumors. 1143 78

We report a rare case of chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) with a chromosomal abnormality of t(6;11)(q27;q23). The patient was diagnosed as having thyroid cancer with metastases to the lung and cervical lymph nodes in 1993. Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT), total thyroidectomy, and radiotherapy were performed. The patient was also diagnosed as having prostatic cancer with bone metastasis in July 1999, and hormonal therapy was performed. At the time of the diagnosis of prostatic cancer, leukocytosis with eosinophilia was also revealed. Thereafter, cytogenetical analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of bone marrow showed t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocation and MLL/AF6 fusion products, respectively. No transcripts of the BCR/ABL chimeric gene were found by RT-PCR in bone marrow. Analysis of serum cytokines revealed a slight elevation of GM-CSF but no elevation of IL-3 or IL-5. Tissue damage due to infiltration of eosinophils was not observed throughout the clinical course. On the basis of the cytogenetic and molecular abnormality, the patient was diagnosed as having CEL, rather than reactive eosinophilia due to thyroid or prostatic cancer or other reactive inflammation. This is the first case report of CEL with t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocation.
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PMID:Chronic eosinophilic leukemia with t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocation. 1166 8

64 patients with liver metastases have been studied (mammary gland--6 cases, stomach--15, colon--32, other locations--11) and US metastasis semiotics and the fine aspiration biopsy have been identified. 12 cases had underwent intraoperative 96% ethanol infusion, 52 had got transdermal infusions under US control. The survival rate of colon cases with dissemination was: 1 year S.--100%, 3 year S.--53.1%, 5 year S.--3.1%. In cases with noncolon dissemination the percentage of survival was: 1 year S.--68.8%, 2 year S.--9.4%, 3 year S.--3.0%. 96% ethanol sclerotherapy proved to be more effective in single metachronic metastases of the colon malignancies.
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PMID:[The results of 5-year-long research of sclerotherapy of liver metastases by ultrasonography]. 1168 Nov 87

The optimal management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resection, but this is feasible in only a minority of patients for a variety of reasons, including metastatic disease, major vascular invasion, end-stage liver disease, and poor hepatic reserve. Inoperable patients may be candidates for ablative procedures that may eradicate tumor while minimizing the loss of functioning hepatic tissue that is inevitable with surgical resection. Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), hepatic arterial chemoembolization, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave coagulation offer the potential of local tumor control and sometimes achieve long-term disease-free survival. This review will discuss the indications, anticipated benefits, and limitations of current ablative techniques and place these procedures in proper perspective as options for patients with HCC.
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PMID:Ablative techniques for hepatocellular carcinoma. 1168 41

Although slightly declining in France, the incidence rate of esophageal cancer remains amongst the highest seen in Europe, especially in Brittany, in the North as well as in Normandy. Alcohol and tobacco consumption remains the main risk factor for esophageal cancer in Western countries. Positive diagnosis of esophageal cancer is made by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy combined with biopsies. At present, surgery and definitive radiochemotherapy are two therapeutic options offering a chance to cure even though surgery remains the more frequently used treatment. Five-year-survival rate after apparently curative surgical resection or definitive radiochemotherapy remains only 20% in most population-based series. The studies that have examined the role of adjuvant treatments after surgical resection, have failed to demonstrate any improvement in overall or relapse-free survival. The pre-operative cytotoxic combined modality approaches with radiochemotherapy have shown improved relapse-free survival but still remains experimental. Finally, the symptomatic treatment of dysphagia might not be ignored either in locally, locally advanced, or in metastatic disease.
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PMID:[Esophageal cancers]. 1171 34

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous alcohol injection (PAI) is used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma for lesions less than 3 to 5 cm in diameter. However, few studies in the literature have evaluated the place of PAI in the treatment of liver metastasis. Alcohol acts by causing coagulative necrosis, followed by the formation of fibrotic and granulomatous tissue and thrombosis of small vessels. The results of the various published studies are similar, with a complete necrosis rate lower than that obtained in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, in more than 50% of cases of liver metastasis less than 4 cm in diameter, complete necrosis can be obtained, and PAI would seem to be a reasonable option for the treatment of small metastases of colorectal or mammary origin and for endocrine tumors when surgery is contraindicated. PAI could be a valuable alternative in the treatment of selected small metastases of the liver. However, the new techniques of local tumor destruction (interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP), cryoablation, radiofrequency thermal ablation, and microwave destruction) will replace PAI for the treatment of liver metastasis in the near future.
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PMID:Percutaneous alcohol ablation for liver metastasis. 1195 Dec 17

In 30-50% of patients the liver is a preferred site of distant disease for many malignant tumours. Due to the high incidence, most of the available data relate to metastases arising from colorectal primaries. Surgical resection is at present the only treatment offering potential cure. The achievable 5-year survival rate is 30%. However, only 10-15% of patients with colorectal liver metastases can undergo potentially curative liver resection. Therefore, accurate staging is an important prerequisite in selecting patients who would benefit from surgery. Recurrence of hepatic metastases after potentially curative resection occurs in up to 60% of the cases. Results demonstrate that re-resection of liver metastases can provide long-term survival rates in a carefully selected group of patients without extrahepatic disease. Because of the high rate of recurrences following an apparently curative resection several authors investigated the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (systemic, intraportal, and hepatic arterial infusion). Until recently none had shown effectiveness. Pre-operative chemotherapy seems to be a promising approach in patients with liver metastases initially considered unsuitable for radical surgery. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed as an alternative approach to conventional surgery as initial management with the aim of improving the results in resectable liver metastases. Interventional strategies (ethanol injection, cryosurgery, laser-induced thermotherapy, radio-frequency ablation) and combined modalities (surgical/interventional) are additive methods which may help to improve treatment results in the future.
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PMID:Resection and local therapy for liver metastases. 1196 40

Immunosuppression has been related to the incidence of tumor apparition, including endocrine tumors. The intrasplenic ovarian tumor (luteoma) is a typical benign endocrine tumor that develops under high gonadotropin stimulation and, from the immunological perspective, is located in a critical organ involved in immune response. To establish if immunosuppression could alter the development of this experimental tumor, the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and dexamethasone (Dex) were evaluated. After surgery, tumor-bearing and sham animals were kept without treatment for 4 weeks; thereafter, they were distributed into CsA (25 mg/kg), Dex (0.1 mg/kg), or vehicle (75:25 castor oil:ethanol) groups and were injected on alternate days for 50 days. Body weight was evaluated weekly. Animals were sacrificed after a jugular vein blood sample was obtained. Thymi were weighed. Tumors were measured and placed in formaline for histological studies. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay. Hematological parameters were determined. CsA induced a significant decrease in survival rates both in tumor-bearing and sham animals (P < 0.01). Dex significantly impaired weight increase in both groups of animals. CsA induced a significant weight loss in sham animals, not observed in tumor-bearing animals. Dex induced thymus weight loss in both groups, whereas CsA induced thymus weight loss only in sham animals. Only Dex induced a decrease in lymphocyte number in both groups. CsA induced an increase in monocyte number only in sham animals. Treatments did not alter LH, FSH, or estradiol, whereas PRL was increased by CsA only in sham rats. Neither Dex nor CsA induced any significant variations in tumor volume, nor did they alter tumor histology. In addition, no visible metastases or alterations in other organs were observed. We conclude that, though immunological parameters were altered by the treatments, immunosuppressor drugs did not condition tumor development. In addition, tumors secrete one or more factor/s that counteract CsA effect.
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PMID:Actions of immunosuppressor drugs on the development of an experimental ovarian tumor. 1219 10


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