Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) is physically linked to the allo-antigenic HLA chain on the cell surface and is accordingly a marker for the HLA antigens. BMG concentrations were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 22 patients with choriocarcinoma, 5 with hydatidiform mole and 17 reference subjects in the first trimester of pregnancy. Serum BMG levels were elevated in the patients with choriocarcinoma, particularly when human chorionic gonadotrophin levels were higher than 50 000 U/l (less than 50 000 U/l--1,6 +/- 0,3 mg/l; greater than 50 000 U/l--2,75 +/- 0,72 mg/l; molar pregnancy--1,42 +/- 0,44 mg/l; reference subjects--1,47 +/- 0,15 mg/l) (mean +/- 1 SD). BMG levels in the serum and CSF were not increased when metastases were present in the cranium. None of the patients had evidence of abnormal renal function as determined by serum urea, electrolyte and creatinine levels and the creatinine clearance rate. These results suggest that BMG and HLA antigens are expressed on the trophoblastic cells in choriocarcinoma, or alternatively that the maternal immunocytes produce increased quantities of BMG.
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PMID:Beta-2-microglobulin in trophoblastic disease. 619 98

Five minor base ribonucleosides, primarily degradation products of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), were evaluated as potential biological markers for patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The urinary concentration for pseudouridine, 1-methyladenosine, 1-methylinosine, N2-methylguanosine, and N2,N2-dimethylguanosine was determined by means of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and quantitatively expressed as a function of creatinine excretion. Comparisons were made with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) plasma levels. The total frequency of elevated values for the five nucleosides in pretreatment urine samples was directly related to stage of disease with 24/60 (40%) determinations increased in 12 patients with limited disease and 69/85 (81%) in 17 patients with extensive disease. For these same patients, CEA levels were elevated respectively in 2/11 (18%) of the former and 9/17 (53%) of the latter group. The frequency and degree of elevation of the nucleoside/creatinine ratios in pretreatment samples from patients with extensive disease was correlated directly with increasing number of metastatic sites. Of the five nucleosides, the mean number elevated was two for limited disease, 3-4 for extensive disease with one metastatic site, 4 for two or three, and 5 for four or more sites of metastases. Based on a summation of pretreatment nucleoside/creatinine ratios, a discriminant for survival was derived giving curves separating patients (P = 0.086) similar to the discriminant based on stage of disease. Although discordant results were noted, an overall correlation of 75% agreement with clinical assessment was estimated in response categories when monitoring changes associated with therapy.
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PMID:Biological markers and small cell carcinoma of the lung: a clinical evaluation of urinary ribonucleosides. 629 41

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), when preceded by methotrexate (MTX), results in synergistic tumor cell kill both in vitro and in vivo in mice. Since MTX concentrations 10 microM or greater maximize the synergy in vitro, we administered sequential MTX-5-FU as follows: MTX 125-250 mg/m2 i.v. followed 1 hr later by 5-FU 600 mg/m2 i.v. Leucovorin (LV) rescue 10 mg/m2 i.v. was given at hr 24, then 10 mg/m2 p.o. every 6 hr for 5 doses. One-hour and 24-hr serum MTX levels were monitored and 24-hr serum creatinine levels obtained. A weekly schedule was adhered to where possible, although most patients had at least one course delayed during the first month of treatment because of toxicity. Maintenance was every 2 wk. Since our initial report (Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 21:473, 1980), a total of 35 squamous cell head and neck cancer patients, 12 with de novo and 23 with recurrent or metastatic disease, have been treated. Overall response rate is 71%, 65% in recurrent patients, 83% in de novo patients. Complete response rate was 11%. Median response duration for recurrent patients was 3.6 mo. With all deaths scored as disease-related and a minimum follow-up of 18 mo in all patients, a median survival of 11.5 mo for the 23 recurrent and 12 mo for the de novo patients was seen. Pretreatment performance status affected survival with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1 patients living significantly longer than bedridden patients (p less than 0.001). Toxicity was either hematologic or gastrointestinal, with diarrhea, the limiting toxicity, accounting for the one drug-related death. The MTX/5-FU combination sequence may provide significant long-lasting palliation in patients with recurrent squamous head and neck cancer.
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PMID:Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in sequence in squamous head and neck cancer. 634 97

Bone marrow biopsies by Jamshidi needle were performed in 106 breast cancer female patients. Sixty-four of them were in follow-up after mastectomy, and neoplastic involvement of marrow was found in 21 patients (32.8%). Among the 42 women undergoing staging before mastectomy, the incidence of marrow involvement was 11.9% (5 women, all with radiographic positivity). Of the 37 women, either in follow-up or in the staging phase, with bone metastases detected by roentgenographic and isotopic examination, the bone biopsy was positive in 23 (62.1%), and 7 histologically had micrometastases. Three women, without any radiographic or isotopic sign of metastases, had positive biopsies. A good correlation was found between the hydroxyproline:creatinine ratio and neoplastic involvement of bone marrow.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of bone marrow biopsy in staging and follow-up of breast cancer. 667 33

A phase II clinical trial was set up in metastatic breast cancer patients who had not received previous cytotoxic drug therapy, involving the administration of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (cis-DDP). Patients aged up to 75 years and with pathohistologically confirmed disease were entered on the trial. All patients had measurable disease, a performance status (Karnofsky) of greater than 40, and an expected survival of greater than 6 weeks. In all 38 patients entered the trial, and 35 have been evaluated. The predominating metastatic sites included soft tissues (19), visceral organs (12), and bones (7 patients). cis-DDP was administered in a daily dose of 30 mg/m2 IV by a 4-h drip for 4 days, with customary hyperhydration. The results indicate a pronounced antitumorigenic effect of cis-DDP and a response rate of 54% (19/35), with 13 complete remissions (37%) and six partial remissions (17%). In terms of site the best response was obtained in soft-tissue processes (13/19; 68%), followed by visceral organs (4/10; 40%); the response rate was lowest in bones (2/6; 33%). The menopausal status and prior hormone therapy did not essentially influence the results of treatment, unlike previous irradiation. Patients with a lower performance status (40-70) had a significantly lower response rate (36% vs 63%; P less than 0.05). Toxic side-effects were moderate and did not substantially affect the general condition of the patients. A transient increase of serum creatinine was observed in 4 patients, and neurotoxicity in 2 patients. The results of the trial warrant the conclusion that cis-DDP has a pronounced antitumorigenic effect in untreated metastatic breast cancer, particularly in soft-tissue metastases. These results call for additional clinical study of the cytotoxic effect of cis-DDP in untreated metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Phase II clinical trial of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (cis-DDP) for antitumorigenic activity in previously untreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. 668 1

We reported previously that an antitryptic glycoprotein, EDC1 (Mr 27,500), which is immunologically related to the normal serum proteinase inhibitor, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IATI), is excreted in large quantities in the urine of metastatic cancer patients. We have now measured immunoreactive titers of urinary EDC1 and five serum proteinase inhibitors (including IATI) in 16 patients with hematological cancers, 9 patients with various solid tumors, and 32 healthy subjects. The mean urinary EDC1 levels were 22-fold greater in all cancer patients as compared to normals [187.0 +/- 136.6 (S.D.) versus 8.4 +/- 8.2 mg/g creatinine; p less than 0.001]. In the cancer group, serum levels of immunoreactive alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (also called alpha 1-antitrypsin), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and C1 inactivator averaged 152, 237, and 165% of the normal values, respectively (p less than 0.01). Immunoreactive alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were unchanged, and immunoreactive IATI levels were depressed (75% of the normals; p less than 0.01). The lower levels of IATI and elevated levels of EDC1 are consistent with the latter being derived from the former. In spite of the increased immunoreactive alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor level, the serum antitryptic capacity of the cancer group averaged only 50% of the normal group (p less than 0.01; range, 5 to 110% of normal average). This suggests that about 70% of the serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in the cancer group is functionally inert.
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PMID:Abnormal profile of serum proteinase inhibitors in cancer patients. 672 3

Seventy-one patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, together with other assessable sites of disease, were monitored by radiologic skeletal survey, bone scanning, pain charts, bone marrow aspirate, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio. On the basis of UICC criteria of response in nonosseous sites, 37 were classed as responders and 34 as nonresponders. Responding patients with osteolytic disease frequently showed sclerosis, but only at 6-8 months, whereas patients with mixed lytic/sclerotic or sclerotic metastases frequently showed no change or further sclerosis. Nonresponders most frequently showed progressive lysis. Bone scanning showed clear evidence of improvement or deterioration in 7/21 responders and 8/23 nonresponders who showed no definite evidence of progression or response on skeletal radiography. Pain assessment was also useful in these patients. Neither the bone marrow aspirate nor other biochemical tests were useful in assessing response to therapy. This study concludes that bone scanning and pain assessment are both useful in assessment of response of bone metastases to treatment in some patients and incorporation into a standard criteria of response is recommended.
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PMID:Assessment of response of bone metastases to systemic treatment in patients with breast cancer. 686 Oct 98

The clinical kinetics of 1, 4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[ 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl) amino] ethyl] amino]-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (DHAQ) are reported. DHAQ, 1 to 3 mg/m2, was administered as an intravenous bolus to six patients with metastatic cancer. Plasma clearance of the drug followed a biphasic pattern with a harmonic mean initial half-life (t 1/2) of 13.7 min and a terminal t 1/2 of 37.4 hr. Recovery of unchanged drug in the urine was 6.8% at 24 hr and 7.3% at 72 hr, while the corresponding recovery of total radioactivity was 9.4% and 11.3%. Apparent volume of distribution of DHAQ was about 13.8 +/- 2.9 l/kg. Total clearance was 238.7 ml/kg/hr, twice the creatinine clearance.
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PMID:Clinical kinetics of 1, 4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis [(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl) amino] ethyl] amino ]-9, 10-anthracenedione. 706 Mar 14

Of 31 patients with prostatic cancer, 21 have skeletal metastases proven by bone scintigraphy and/or radiology. The sensitivity and specificity of the following measurements are compared: total urinary hydroxyproline, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio, free serum hydroxyproline, alkaline and prostatic phosphatases and serum calcium. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is the most sensitive measurement for the diagnosis of bone metastasis, while total urinary hydroxyproline excretion per 24 hours is the most specific. Free serum hydroxyproline has no particular significance for this diagnosis. The alkaline and acid phosphatases are elevated but are not specific. Serum calcium decreases when skeletal metastases are present.
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PMID:[Urinary and serum hydroxyproline in the diagnosis of bone metastases of prostatic cancer]. 723 40

The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio for two groups of healthy individuals and two groups of patients with a history of mammary and prostatic carcinoma without metastases was measured and compared with literature values. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio for healthy adults appears to be 1.4 (range 0.7--2.3). Furthermore, the influence of diet and gelatin load of 30 g on the hydroxyproline creatinine ratio and the hydroxyproline excretion has been investigated. The analytical characteristics of the test used in the present study were evaluated using the method of standard additions. An intra-assay quality-control on the basis of the standard addition is proposed. The coefficient of variation of the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio appears to be 22%. The intraindividual variability has also been established for the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio and appears to be 25%.
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PMID:Reference values and analytical performance of the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in early morning urine samples. 724 Oct 58


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