Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Linear sucrose gradient analyses reveal that all estrogen-induced and -dependent primary renal tumor cytosols examined contain an 8 S and variable amounts of 4 S receptor in low ionic buffer concentrations. Similar results were obtained with extracts of primary metastases of these tumors. Sucrose gradients containing high salt (0.4 M KCl) convert the 8 S receptor in both the hamster renal tumor and uterus to a 4 to 5 S complex. Scatchard plot analysis reveals that the renal tumor cytosol estradiol-receptor complex has a Ka of 1.7 X 10(9) M-1 and 9.2 X 10(-10) M binding sites. Competition for the tritiated 17beta-estradiol binding sites in the renal tumor was similar to that in the uterus with respect to estrogenic compounds. Nonestrogenic steroids exhibited minimal competition at the same concentrations or higher. Substitution in the ring structure, particularly in position 3 of the phenolic A-ring, resulted in a considerable loss in the ability of such compounds to compete for these receptors. Aniestrogens were effective competitors for these estrogen receptors only at higher concentrations relative to the tritiated estradiol.
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PMID:Receptor characteristics of specific estrogen binding in the renal adenocarcinoma of the golden hamster. 17 53

The findings presented indicate that localized calcifications can sometimes develop within squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Apparently, these deposits develop via calcium salt loading from epithelial necrosis within the cell complexes of the tumor. This means that, with microcalcifications in a metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma, the pathologist evaluating biopsies should also consider the possibility of metastases of a tumor from the area of the cervix.
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PMID:[Microcalcifications in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. 87 Mar 85

Two cases of advanced breast cancer treated with a water-salt extract from BCG are presented, showing a positive response -- marked and durable regression of the breast tumor and of the axillar metastases, parallel in the second case with a disappearance of lung metastases.
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PMID:Therapeutic effect of a water-salt extract from BCG in two patients with advanced breast cancer. 109 68

Patients suffering from malignant disease will probably develop some metabolic abnormality of electrolytes. Hypernatremia is defined as an elevation of serum natrium over 150 mEq/l and caused by decrease of water intake, low level of ADH secretion and impaired response of kidney to ADH. Hyponatremia below 135 mEq/l of serum natrium is caused by SI-DAH, sick cell syndrome and increased loss of natrium from the kidney. On the other hand, hyperkalemia is defined as an elevation of serum kalium over 5.0 mEq/l and caused by acute tumor cell lysis syndrome, adrenal and renal insufficiency. Hypokalemia is caused by kalium loss from kidney and hypersecretion of mineral corticoid. Hypercalcemia is found in the high frequency among patients with malignant disease. Hypercalcemia is defined as an elevation of serum calcium over 11.0 mg/dl, although the most important aspect is the level of ionized calcium. The excess calcium causes defective urinary concentration with polydipsia, nausea and vomiting leading to volume depletion. At serum calcium levels about 13.8 mg/dl, there may be rapid deterioration or renal function, dehydration, coma and cardiac arrhythmias. Hypercalcemia is rarely the first manifestation of cancer. There are three principle pathogenic causes of malignant hypercalcemia, 1) hypercalcemia is a feature of several hematological cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma, T cell leukemia, but most commonly with myeloma. The hypercalcemia in these myeloma patients is due to the secretion of an osteoclast activator, a lymphokine by the myeloma cells. 2) all patients with bony metastases have biochemical evidence of increased bone resorption. However, not all patients with bony metastases develop hypercalcemia. Probably the hypercalcemia is due partially to increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, mediated by a humoral factor, with activity similar to that of parathormone. 3) hypercalcemia in the patients without bony metastases is due to increased bone resorption caused by the ectopic secretion by the tumor. Mildly symptomatic patients will benefit from modest salt loading. They are dehydrated and replacement of the extracellular fluid is the first line of treatment. This may require 4-10 l normal saline/24 h. In addition, frusemide will increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin may be given subcutaneously or intravenously to refuse the mobilisation of calcium from bone. Glucocorticoids are unhelpful, but will prolong the effect of calcitonin. A diphosphonate is also useful.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer. 4. Palliation of the symptoms from a malignant tumor. (2)]. 169 56

We investigated the effects of human melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in treating experimental human melanoma hepatic metastases in a nude mouse model of adoptive immunotherapy. Hepatic metastases were generated by intrasplenic injection of 1.5 x 10(6) human melanoma cells. Three days after injection, animals received salt solution and interleukin 2 or interleukin 2 and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Twenty-four of 25 control animals had developed multiple tumor nodules in the liver; 11 of 13 animals receiving only interleukin 2 also had significant tumor burdens. In striking contrast, 17 of 18 animals receiving cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interleukin 2 had no gross or histologic evidence of tumors. The remaining animal had a 2-mm nodule. Human tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are effective in vivo in a model of adoptive immunotherapy and may prove useful in adoptive immunotherapy of humans with metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Treatment of human melanoma hepatic metastases in nude mice with human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 200 57

A selective pattern of metastasis, not accountable by a simple mechanical trapping mechanism, is exhibited by many primary tumors and appears to be controlled by properties of both the tumor cell and the host organ. This organotropism may be regulated, in part, by the migration of an invading tumor cell toward chemotactic factors present in the extracellular matrix which may be released as a result of proteolytic digestion. To test this hypothesis we have examined 4 M guanidine extracts of liver extracellular matrix, prepared by high salt extraction, for organ-specific chemotactic activity. The murine cell lines B16-L4b and M5076, which preferentially metastasize to the liver in an experimental metastasis model, demonstrated preferential motility toward the liver matrix extract while the lung-colonizing lines B16, B16-F10 and B16-BL6 did not. The liver specific chemotactic activity eluted as four fractions of Mr much less than 250,000, Mr approximately 245,000, Mr approximately 120,000 and Mr approximately 30,000 by gel filtration chromatography.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Chemotactic activity present in liver extracellular matrix. 201 16

Pyrazine diazohydroxide (sodium salt, NSC 361456; PZDH) is a new antitumor drug with relatively broad activity in initial evaluations against murine leukemias, solid tumors, and two human tumor xenografts in vivo. The present studies were designed to address questions about PZDH activity on different treatment schedules, its activity against metastases, and the extent of its cross-resistance with established drugs. Human LOX amelanotic melanoma xenografts in athymic mice were used to explore schedule dependence and activity against natural metastases, and a series of drug-resistant murine leukemias provided an in vivo cross-resistance profile. Single-dose treatment and prolonged treatment provided equivalent therapeutic responses to PZDH by both the i.p. and i.v. routes in the i.p. LOX model. A s.c. LOX model resulting in spontaneous pulmonary metastases was adapted for bioassay and quantitation of the numbers of LOX cells killed by PZDH among both primary and metastatic cell populations. It was demonstrated that PZDH afforded about 2-log10 orders of magnitude greater cell kill among pulmonary metastases than against primary s.c. LOX tumors in the same mouse. Murine leukemias resistant to doxorubicin (ADR), vincristine (VCR), cisplatin (DDPt), methotrexate (MTX), N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), and cyclophosphamide (CPA) were not cross-resistant to PZDH. However, both P388 and L1210 leukemia sublines resistant to melphalan (L-PAM) were cross-resistant to PZDH, suggesting that patients previously treated with L-PAM might have less likelihood of response to PZDH than those who had had no opportunity to develop L-PAM resistance. Although these observations should not be applied to clinical studies without due caution, they support clinical evaluation of PZDH as well as continued investigation of its molecular pharmacology.
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PMID:Schedule dependence, activity against natural metastases, and cross-resistance of pyrazine diazohydroxide (sodium salt, NSC 361456) in preclinical models in vivo. 231 Nov 70

Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is impaired in patients suffering from hypothyroidism and myxedema because myxedema induces retention of salt and water. We have measured plasma levels of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in 8 female patients who had been totally thyroidectomized because of thyroid carcinoma. Estimations of the hormone were done 4 weeks after diagnostic withdrawal (searching for iodine retaining metastases) and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of reinitiation of thyroid suppressive therapy by L-thyroxine. hANP levels, although within the normal range (10-80 ng/l) throughout the study, were positively linked to the amount of pericardial effusion (determined by echocardiography), which was highest initially and decreased or vanished with duration of L-thyroxine therapy. Additionally, a positive correlation between thyroid hormone levels and hANP was obtained when the counteracting effect of pericardial effusion was allowed for by partial correlation analysis. Our findings might facilitate explanation of mild polyuria in hyperthyroidism and impaired water excretion in hypothyroidism.
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PMID:Thyroid hormones and pericardial effusion may influence plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in humans. 294 72

Results are represented a clinical experimental series of examinations in 19 patients having osteolytic and osteoplastic metastases in the region of the vertebral column. An attempt was made to quantify the changes in mineral salt content after high-voltage therapy, via two-energy computed tomography. The vertebral bodies with osteolytic affection showed directly after completion of the irradiation an individually highly differentiated increase in mineral salt content. This was due both to recalcification of the osteolysis and an increase in mineral salt content of the still intact spongiosa. Likewise, an increase in mineral salt content was seen in patients with osteoplastic metastases, in the tumour-free bony substance. The methodical approach is described and the different reactive behaviour of the vertebral body metastases in response to radiotherapy is discussed.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of the quantitative changes in mineral salt content of irradiated vertebral body metastases with 2-energy computerized tomography]. 313 37

Endogenous sugar receptors of human tumors, supposedly involved in recognitive interactions and growth regulation, were comparatively analyzed from human metastases to lung and liver by affinity chromatography and subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These profiles of sugar receptors including Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent specificities to alpha- and beta-galactosides, alpha-mannosyl and alpha-fucosyl moieties from salt and detergent extracts were found to be significantly different from the profile of the corresponding normal tissue. Metastatic lesions to lung from three different types of primary tumors revealed primarily tumor-associated mannan- and galactoside-binding proteins, whereas different liver metastases showed a tendency towards preferential expression of additional beta-galactoside-binding proteins and, to a reduced extent, fucose-binding proteins. The patterns of two metastatic lesions to lung and liver from a similar primary tumor, a colon carcinoma, disclose significant differences. Each resembles the pattern of other metastases to the same target organ more than it resembles the pattern of metastatic lesions to the other target organ, derived from a similar primary tumor. Further analyses of two primary liver tumors underscore the significance of changes in such a pattern upon malignant transformation.
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PMID:Sugar receptors of different types in human metastases to lung and liver. 336 84


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