Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma hCT levels were less than 50 pg/ml in 50 normal subjects. In 16 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), plasma hCT levels were distinctively elevated and they fell significantly after total thyroidectomy, but in 11 of them plasma levels were still high, indicating the presence of metastases. In 74 patients with the other types of malignancy, plasma hCT levels were found to be high in 9 cases (3 oat cell carcinoma of the lung, 4 malignant carcinoids, one malignant pheochromocytoma and one acute myelocytic leukemia). Except for the leukemic case, all these tumors were derived from neural crest. In 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, plasma hCT levels were less than 20 pg/ml. In 13 hypoparathyroid patients, two with pseudohypoparathyroidism and one with pseudoidiopathic hypoparathyroidism, plasma hCT levels were slightly elevated. Some patients with uremia had elevated plasma hCT levels, but there was no relation between plasma levels of hCT and those of PTH, urea nitrogen or creatinine. In response to Ca (4.5 mg/kg/10 min) or tetragastrin (4 mug/kg/5 min) infusion, a marked increase in plasma hCT was observed in all patients with MCT, but not in normal subjects. In 5 hypoparathyroid patients, a significant increase to both stimuli was also observed in all cases. Two patients with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism responded to the Ca load. These results indicate that the determination of plasma hCT levels especially after a short Ca or tetragastrin infusion is important to study various pathological conditions.
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PMID:Plasma human calcitonin (hCT) levels in normal and pathologic conditions, and their responses to short calcium or tetragastrin infusion. 19 Dec 50

After discussion of the causes of natural selectivity of cancerostatics it is pointed out that, thanks to recent advances in cell kinetics (cycle-adequate selection of cancerostatics) combined with microtopography of substrate supply in the intercapillary region of cancer tissue, chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer is developing into a theoretically founded and modifiable therapy. Within the nexus of closely related problems it is especially the studies on pharmacokinetics of cancerostatics that still are in arreals. The discussed course of such an investigation basis oe the carticularly of cancer tissue, i.e., the often inadequate vascularization parameters that deteriorate even further with growing tumor size. -- The given valance equation for a change in the concentration of a cancerostatic in tumor tissue has been evaluated using, for an example, a substance from the alkylating group whose mass number approximately coindices with that of cyclophosphamide in its active form. As far as the better vascularized cancer tissue farther from the capillaries are concerned (e.g. early stages of tumors and metastases) the effective dose only drops from 1 to about 0.7. In poorly vacularized cancer tissue, on the other hand, the respective effective dose is reduced from 1 to approx. 0.25. Unfortunately, however, this drop in effective dose takes place exactly in a location where the most resistant fractions of tumor cells are to be found. A feasible way out this crucial dilemma inherent in the chemotherapy of cancer is to combine a substance of low mass numer that causes a pronounced long-term stimulation of body own defence (e.g. our BA 1, and N-(2-cyanoethylene)-urea) with a cancerostatic like CMT-selectine that -- in optimally hyperacidified cancer tissues -- reaches its active form only at a reduced pH so that (contrary to normal cancerostatics) stimulation of the body-own defence caused by the first mentioned substance is not impaired.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic aspects of tumor tissue impairment by cancerostatics. Ways for the intensification of the induced attack in the multiple step cancer therapy. CMT-Selectine]. 24 Mar 67

Forty-three patients with inoperable and/or recurring malignant gliomas and 30 patients with multiple recurring brain metastases were treated with a combination of adriamycine (45 mg/m 2 and 4-dimethyl-epipodophyllotoxin D-thenylidene (VM 26) (60 mg/m 2 for 2 days) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitroso-urea (CCNU) (60 mg/m 2 for 2 days). These cycles of treatment were repeated as soon as the hematologic restoration was complete. The treatment was well-tolerated and the clinical condition of 31 out of 43 glioblastoma patients improved during the 2 months after the beginning of the treatment. Six out of eight patients with breast cancer metastases, one out of 13 with bronchial cancer metastases, and three out of nine with other types of cancer metastases also benefitted from the treatment. Examination of the results reveals the following characteristics: 1. A low degree of efficiency of this combination in the treatment of brain metastases, except for breast cancer metastases. 2. Absence of complete correlation between the clinical results observed and the cinegammagraphic developments 3. Similarity of the results independent of the initial localization 4. Establishment of a 6-month median survival period, with ten patients at present in a state of apparently complete remission, 180-506 days after beginning of the treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of malignant gliomas and brain metastases in adults using a combination of adriamycine, VM 26, and CCNU. Results of a type II trial. 34 Dec 49

A woman with metastatic carcinoma of the breast developed hypercalcemia 39 months after mastectomy. The hypercalcemia remitted after treatment but recurred 12 months later, accompanied by elevated levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH). A urea/HC1 extract of hepatic metastases contained immunoreactive PTH, material which stimulated the resorption of fetal rat bone in tissue culture, and material which stimulated chick renal adenylate cyclase activity. These findings strongly suggest that this breast cancer produced a PTH-like substance.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the breast associated with hypercalcemia and the presence of parathyroid hormone-like substances in the tumor. 42 76

Sarcoma 45 cells were inoculated subcutaneously to rats and carcinosarcoma. Walker 256 cells implanted intramuscularly in the Wistar rats. The injections of the heparin-urea complex with a simultaneous blocking of the vegetative nerves system created an anticoagulant and fibrinolytic background in the organism of these animals and produced an antitumorigenic effect, i.e. the inhibition of growth of primary tumors and metastases, the mitotic activity decline in the malignant tissue and a change in the submicroscopic structure of the sarcoma 45 cells (greater chromatin density, prevalence of the fibrillar component in the nuclei, swelling of the reticulum channels, condensation of mitochondria and reduction of polysomes). All this shows the physiological activity of malignant cells to decline through imitating the hyperfunction of the anticoagulation blood system.
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PMID:[Effect of heparin complexed with urea on tumor growth and the ultrastructure of malignant cells]. 43 82

From clinical observations it is known that brain tumours in principle do not metastasize. An explanation for this phenomenon is not available. The few described cases of distant metastases from primary brain tumours all occurred after surgery of the central nervous system. Furthermore, the brain does not contain a lymphatic system. The major question in this matter is whether the inability of CNS tumours to metastasize is based on a specific tumour bound property or on specific local factors. Since an experimental model for this situation was not available we induced brain tumours in rats. About 130 WAG/Rij and Sprague Dawley rats (males and females) were treated with the neurocarcinogen ethylnitroso-urea (ENU) within 24 hours after birth. Tumours appeared at the age of 6 to 29 months. All tumours were removed after killing the host and transplanted subcutaneously into syngeneic rats. Histologically the tumours were mostly oligodendrogliomas, schwannomas and several mixed glial tumours. Metastases from these primary tumours were not observed. The transplanted tumours showed distant metastases in 52% of the cases. Metastases occurred mainly in lungs, liver and lymph nodes. From these observations it is concluded that the absence of metastases from primary brain tumours is probably not related to a specific property of brain tumours. Further research is emphasized on specific local factors.
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PMID:Transplantability and metastatic potential of chemically induced rat brain tumours. 53 79

Serum samples from patients with primary breast carcinoma, breast carcinoma with metastases, chronic mastitis and fibroadenoma, and healthy individuals, were treated with hydrochloric acid and urea and analysed by polyacrylamide disc gel cationic electrophoresis. The discrete and highly reproducible patterns received showed variations from individual to individual. The frequencies of the presence and of the color intensity of every protein band were compared and profound differences were found for several bands between the four groups of patients and the healthy controls studied. The results suggest that a correlation exists between the electrophoretic profiles of partially hydrolysed serum cationic proteins and occurrence of disease, possibly useful for the early diagnosis of preneoplastic states.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative heterogeneity of partially hydrolysed serum proteins of cancer patients and normal individuals, analysed by polyacrylamide disc gel cationic electrophoresis. I. Breast cancer. 56 29

Metastasis to bone marrow, though frequently occult, is an important clinical finding. Variables which correlate with carcinoma metastatic to bone marrow were studied retrospectively in 103 patients with malignancy whose bone marrow biopsies demonstrated metastatic disease. Sixty-six patients with metastatic cancer whose bone marrow biopsies were negative, served as controls. Since no single finding was diagnostic of marrow cancer, multiple variables were analyzed by stepwise discriminate analysis program. The four parameters which strongly correlated with marrow involvement were the leukoerythroblastic blood pattern, a serum lactic dehydrogenase over 500 IU/liter, a platelet count under 100,000/microliter and bone pain. Four parameters correlated less well and included a positive bone scan, hematocrit under 30%, uric acid over 10 mg/dl and blood urea nitrogen over 25 mg/dl. These data should help the clinician select those cancer patients with a high probability of marrow involvement.
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PMID:Variables predictive of bone marrow metastasis. 71 14

Forty-three patients with inoperable and/or recurring malignant gliomas, and 30 patients with multiple recurring brain metastases were treated with a combination of adriamycine (45 mg/m2) and 4-dimethyl-epipodophyllotoxin D-thenylidene (VM 26) (60 mg/m2 for 2 days) with 1-(2-chloroethyl) -3-cyclohexyl-1-nitroso-urea (CCNU) (60 mg/m2 for two days). These cycles of treatment were repeated as soon as the hematological restoration was complete. The treatment was well tolerated and the clinical condition of 31 out of 43 glioblastoma patients improved during the two months after the beginning of the treatment. Six out of eight patients with breast cancer metastases, one out of 13 with bronchial cancer metastases and three out of nine with other types of cancer metastases also benefitted from the treatment. Examination of the results obtained reveals the following characteristics: -A low degree of efficiency of the combination in the treatment of brain metastases, except for breast cancer metastases. -Absence of complete correlation between the clinical results observed and the cinegammagraphic developments. -Similarity of the results independent of the initial localization. -Establishment of a six-months median survival period, with ten patients at present in a state of apparently complete remission, 180 to 506 days after beginning of the treatment.
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PMID:[Trial treatment of glioblastomas in adults and cerebral metastais by adriamycin, VM 26 and CCNU combination. Result of a type II trial]. 77 98

The growth and metastasis of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6J mice were inhibited by an ip injection of whole serum from Carcharhinus plumbeus, the sandbar shark. Tumors failed to develop in 69% of the animals inoculated with shark serum on days 0, 3, and 6 after tumor transplantation. Histologic examination of the tumor site at days 3 and 6 showed that tumor cells were pyknotic, and evidence of lysis of tumor cells and minor leukocytic infiltration existed. Tumor cells were not in tissue sections from day 15, and these animals still had no symptoms at day 216. The mean tumor volume of the remaining 31% of the treated animals was less than that of controls; they had a prolonged mean survival time, but ultimately they died from metastases, as did the controls. Urea- and hemoglobin-treated animals and those pretreated or intralesionally treated with shark serum were similar to the controls in both tumor kinetics and survival times.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of shark serum on the Lewis lung carcinoma. 99 8


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