Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of three small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampullary region of the duodenum. All patients were men; their ages were 51, 62, and 66 years. The therapy consisted of pancreatoduodenectomy. All patients died of the disease; median survival was 10 months from the diagnosis. The histological appearance was identical to pulmonary and extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma. The neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated ultrastructurally by the presence of dense-core granules, and by the positive immunoreaction for neuron-specific enolase and Leu-7 in each case. One case expressed a focal positivity for chromogranin A (PHE-5) and argyrophilic granules. The same case showed the presence of neurofilaments on frozen material. Neurofilament proteins could not be demonstrated in any case in paraffin sections. Neoplastic cells exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2) in all cases. In one case, a large number of neoplastic cells (60-70%) exhibited nuclear Ki-67 positivity. We postulate that the disease's histogenesis was from epithelial stem cell expressing both epithelial and neuroendocrine characteristics. The clinical behavior of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampullary region appears to be extremely aggressive, with early metastases and fatal outcome.
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PMID:Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampullary region. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of three cases. 169 69

Ninety-eight consecutive patients with primary operable breast cancer and an initial diagnosis of no regional lymph node metastases as assessed by conventional light microscopy were studied. Immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections was assessed using two monoclonal antibodies: CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson) with specificity for low molecular weight cytokeratin, and NCRC-11 (CRC Laboratories, Nottingham) with specificity for epithelial mucin antigen. Positive staining for occult metastases was seen in nine patients with CAM 5.2 and in eight of these nine with NCRC-11. At a follow-up out to 14 years, there was no difference in overall survival, in recurrence-free survival, or in frequency of or time to presentation of local or regional recurrences between occult metastasis-positive and occult metastasis-negative patients. This study concludes that while immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections increases the diagnostic yield of metastases, it is not to be recommended as this increase is of no useful clinical value.
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PMID:Occult regional lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: immunohistological detection with antibodies CAM 5.2 and NCRC-11. 172 47

Sixty nine patients with a median age of 45 years, 62.3 per cent of whom were premenopausal, with locally advanced breast cancer (T 4, N 0-3, M 0; Stage IIIb) were treated with 3 cycles of either neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, being the CAF group: 36 patients, or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, being the CMF group: 33 patients. Patients achieving complete response or with residual disease of less than 2 cm in diameter received radical radiotherapy while those with more residual disease underwent radical mastectomy. Nine cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were administered. Complete responses and disease control by radiotherapy with complete breast preservation were more frequently observed after CAF than CMF, being 25 per cent vs 3 per cent (p = 0.025) and 48.5 per cent vs 12 per cent (p = 0.002), respectively. Overall response rates, adverse effects, disease control following radiotherapy/surgery, local relapses and metastases were similar for both regimes. Relapsing patients were young, with a median age of 38 years, 68.4 per cent of relapses occurred at metastatic sites and 42 per cent of relapses occurred during adjuvant chemotherapy. This study suggests that in locally advanced breast cancer, a greater proportion of patients can be rendered disease free after neoadjuvant CAF and radiotherapy compared to neoadjuvant CMF and radiotherapy.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in 69 cases of locally advanced (stage IIIb) breast cancer. 178 9

An advanced breast cancer patient refractory to CAF (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil), 5-FU-Methotrexate sequential therapy and Tamoxifen was treated with the combination 5' DFUR, MMC, Etoposide and MPA. Complete response was obtained both against liver and lymph node metastases from 7 months after the initial treatment. A mild bone marrow suppression and appetite loss were observed as the side effect. It is suggested that the combination therapy may be useful for previously treated patients with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:[5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), mitomycin C (MMC), etoposide and medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) in a previously treated patient with advanced breast cancer]. 182 14

Balloon cell melanoma of the skin was found in the left axillary region of a 60-year-old man. The tumour was very large, grew local, not forming metastases. The histological picture corresponded to a solid alveolar pattern, in some places with pseudoglandular structures. The cytoplasm of the balloon cells proved to contain lipid vacuoles and glycogen. The Masson-Fontana reaction was negative: the Warthin-Starry method gave positive results in sporadic tumour cells. The DOPA oxidase reaction was negative. Histochemistry demonstrated remarkable presence of histiocytic elements among the neoplastic cells. Reaction for the proof of alpha mannosidase was positive both in the tumour cells and in the histiocytic elements. Reaction with the NKI-C3 antibody was found to be positive in many tumour cells, the anti S-100 protein antibody less positive. Most of the cells reacted strongly positively with anticytokeratin antibody CAM 5.2. Findings of anticytokeratin antibody positive melanomas have not been published yet. Electron microscopy showed rare melanosomes in some of the neoplastic cells, making it possible to include the tumour in melanomas.
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PMID:Balloon cell melanoma of the skin. part I: Histology, immunohistology and histochemistry. 215 Nov 3

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are firmly established diagnostic adjuvants both in vitro and in vivo. Their potential for immunotherapy is highly promising. Antigenic heterogeneity of cells within the same tumor is a well known phenomenon; however, no large-scale studies are available to ascertain to what degree metastases maintain the immunophenotype of the primary tumors. For that purpose, we studied 54 commonly epithelial malignancies using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a panel of seven frequently used MAb recognizing a gamut of membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (AE-1, CAM 5.2, B72.3, MC10, anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and human milk fat globule (HMFG)). The number of metastases per primary tumor ranged between 1 and 26, with a total of 344 tissues studied. Metastases were located in regional and distal lymph nodes as well as in a diversity of organs (pancreas, adrenal, colon, spleen, soft tissues, etc). Only those cases in which all the tissues were obtained from a single surgical procedure and, therefore, uniformly fixed and processed, were selected. All the metastases from three cases (5.5%) were found to express one or two antigens not present on their primary. In no case did all metastases from a positive primary become negative for one MAb. Twelve cases (18.5%) showed modifications of the phenotype in one or more metastases. This study demonstrates that a broad phenotypic variation does not follow when tumors metastasize, and that it is, therefore, safe to foretell the metastatic immunophenotype based upon that of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Tumor immunophenotype: comparison between primary neoplasm and its metastases. 232 51

The detection of metastases in 371 axillary lymph nodes by immunohistochemical staining and by routine histological examination was compared in the surgically removed tissue from 50 consecutive patients with breast carcinoma. The primary tumour and axillary lymph nodes were stained with three monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes of the human milk fat globule (HMFG1; HMFG2; E29), and an anticytokeratin antibody (CAM 5.2), in a double-bridge immunoalkaline phosphatase staining technique. Metastases revealed by further sectioning through the tissue were identified before the immunohistological comparison. The use of immunohistochemical staining resulted in an increased detection of metastases in both infiltrating ductal carcinoma (13.1%) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (37.5%), an overall increase of 17.3%. The follow-up data over a minimum period of 2 years is available for these patients.
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PMID:Comparison of the detection of breast carcinoma metastases by routine histological diagnosis and by immunohistochemical staining. 245 31

A metastatic ovarian lipid cell tumor was treated with BV-CAP chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery and VAC chemotherapy for persistent disease found at second-look laparotomy before disease progression was noted. Serum Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels correlated with disease status during all phases of treatment, as did serum testosterone (T) to a lesser degree. Measurement of these two hormones may provide additional useful information on the response of patients with subclinical metastatic disease to post-operative therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic lipid cell tumor of the ovary with BV-CAP and VAC chemotherapy, using serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone as tumor markers. 246 68

Acetone-fixed frozen sections of 15 malignant melanomas of the skin with metastases were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of different types of intermediate filament proteins, synaptophysin, muscle cell actins, and desmoplakins. One of the melanomas was a primary toe tumor, and the others mainly regional lymph node metastases. The original diagnosis of melanoma was reconfirmed in each case, and the melanoma diagnosis of the metastases was verified by S100 protein immunostaining in all cases and by a monoclonal antibody to melanoma cells (NK1C3) in 7 cases. All melanomas were prominently vimentin-positive. In 10 of 15 cases, immunoreactive keratin could be demonstrated with antibody CAM 5.2. The presence of keratins was confirmed in selected cases with three other monoclonal antibodies including AE1, PKK1, and a monoclonal antibody specific for keratin number 18. Desmoplakin, another marker of epithelial differentiation, was not found in melanoma cells. Two melanomas contained neurofilament-positive tumor cells, which were however negative for synaptophysin. Desmin, muscle actins, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not found in the neoplastic cells. On the basis of the present results one could conclude that the protein composition of the cytoskeleton of melanomas is more complex than has been previously thought and most importantly that melanomas may contain keratins.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical spectrum of malignant melanoma. The common presence of keratins. 248 Nov 51

To assess the utility of changes in the volume of the caudate lobe in the sonographic diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, the authors studied 58 patients with histologically proved cirrhosis, 18 patients with fatty liver, 28 patients with liver metastases, seven patients with lymphomatous liver involvement, and 75 healthy individuals. The longitudinal (CL), transverse (CT), and anteroposterior (CAP) diameters of the caudate lobe and the transverse diameter of the right lobe (RL) were measured, and one-, two-, and three-dimensional caudate lobe indexes and ratios were calculated. The analysis of the diagnostic performance of these criteria, compared by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves, revealed that the ratio of the three-dimensional caudate index (CI3) to the right lobe diameter (CI3/RL = [CL X CT X CAP]/RL) was superior to all other calculated criteria. At a specificity of 95%, the sensitivity of CI3/RL was 94.7%, compared with 73.3% for CT/RL. No significant differences were found between the control group and patients with fatty liver, metastases, or lymphomatous involvement. The study suggests that CI3/RL is the most reliable quantitative criterion for the US diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with US: receiver-operating characteristic analysis of multidimensional caudate lobe indexes. 264 15


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